Effects of prolonged light on germination of six lines of wild oat (Avena fatua)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Q. Hou ◽  
G. M. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Oat Seeds

Effects of prolonged light irradiation on seed germination of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) were studied in three nondormant and three dormant genetic lines. Light responses were observed in each of the lines tested. The expression of the light reaction is related to the genetic variability and dormancy states of the seeds. The light reaction can be observed in the dormant lines by removing the dormancy blocks in the seeds either through afterripening or by treatment with gibberellic acid or azide. Prolonged far-red, blue, and white light are inhibitory to germination. Prolonged red light had neutral, or inhibitory, effects compared with the corresponding dark germination. Germination responses to light depend on both the condition of phyto-chrome established by the light environment and the state of dormancy in wild oat seeds. Key words: phytochrome, dormancy, afterripening, genotype, gibberellin, azide.

Germination response to phytochrome depends on specific dormancy states in wild oat (Avena fatua)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1528-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Q. Hou ◽  
G. M. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Genetic Origins

Effects of brief red and far-red light on germination of seeds from dormant lines of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) were studied in combination with mechanical injury to the seed coat, application of gibberellin A3, or changes in relative humidity during afterripening. Aberrant germination responses to phytochrome action were observed in the mechanically injured seeds in some of the lines, i.e., brief red light inhibited or delayed germination induced by injury, and immediately following far-red light cancelled the negative effects. Phytochrome action influenced germination of the gibberellin-treated seeds in a normal fashion, although effects of the gibberellic acid and brief red light on germination were not additive. Brief red light inhibited germination of seeds afterripened in zero relative humidity; the same light promoted germination of those in 30 and 60% relative humidity. Germination response to phytochrome in wild oat depends on specific seed dormancy states, illustrated by genetic origins, dormancy-breaking methods and afterripening conditions. Key words: Avena fatua, dormancy, mechanical injury, gibberellin A3, phytochrome, relative humidity.

Adenosine triphosphate and adenylate energy charge in relation to dormancy of wild oat seeds

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3349-3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Adkins ◽  
James D. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The State ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Adenosine Phosphates

Adenosine phosphates, expressed as ATP and energy charge levels, were compared in genetically identical dormant and nondormant caryopses of wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Air-dry nondormant caryopses had a larger pool of ATP and a higher energy charge than dormant caryopses. During the early hours of imbibition of water by dormant caryopses, ATP levels and energy charge increased indicating they are not limiting factors for germination. Moreover, during the induction of germination in dormant caryopses by gibberellic acid (GA3), changes in energy charge were similar to those observed on water, indicating that GA3 does not overcome dormancy simply by elevating energy charge levels. In a second study, ATP and energy charge were measured in initially dormant caryopses incubated under conditions of temperature that either removed or retained dormancy. Both embryo and endosperm extracts demonstrated correlations between levels of ATP or energy charge with temperature of incubation but not with the state of dormancy. The conclusions drawn from both lines of investigation do not support the hypothesis that release of dormancy is related to the metabolism of adenosine phosphates in caryopses of wild oat.

Carbohydrate concentrations and interactions in afterripening-responsive dormantAvena fatuacaryopses induced to germinate by gibberellic acid

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Foley ◽  
M. B. Nichols ◽  
S. P. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Excised Embryos

AbstractIt has been proposed that gibberellic acid (GA3) promotes germination by overcoming restrictions in sugar production and utilization in afterripening-responsive dormant caryopses. While their germination rates were similar, germination commenced sooner in afterripened wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) caryopses than in dormant caryopses treated with GA3and dormant excised embryos treated with GA3plus fructose (Fru). Limited germination occurred in dormant excised embryos cultured with GA3alone. Carbohydrate concentrations were measured over time in dormant caryopses and excised embryos whose germination was induced with GA3and GA3plus Fru. The concentration of sucrose (Suc) in the endosperm declined prior to germination of dormant GA3-treated caryopses. Raffinose (Raf) family oligosaccharides in the embryos of dormant GA-treated caryopses remained relatively constant prior to and shortly after the onset of germination. In contrast, Raf family oligosaccharides in the embryos of afterripened caryopses declined prior to germination. Together this suggests Raf family oligosaccharide utilization is not associated with germinationper se.Increased starch levels, which occurred in dormant excised embryos treated with Fru and GA3plus Fru, were associated with dormancy because similar effects were not apparent in afterripened embryos cultured with Fru. An initial decline in the concentration of Raf family oligosaccharides in dormant embryos cultured with GA3or GA3plus Fru seems to be a result of the excision process. GA3appears to stimulate the germination of dormant embryos by enhancing the uptake or utilization of Fru. It appears that GA3and afterripening-induced changes in carbohydrate utilization in dormant caryopses are different.

Influence of tillage, vertical seed distribution, and pyroxasulfone application timing and rate on control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Mangin ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Oat Biomass

Tillage and new herbicide options may be necessary for the control of herbicide-resistant wild oat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides such as pyroxasulfone can be influenced by edaphic factors and weed seed recruitment depth, which varies with tillage system. We investigated the effect of tillage and pyroxasulfone rate when applied in the fall and spring on wild oat biomass at three locations in Alberta in 2014–2015. The vertical position of wild oat seeds, with and without tillage, was examined at each site. Wild oat biomass was greater in untilled plots compared with plots with fall tillage at all locations. In two out of three locations, pyroxasulfone efficacy was superior when applied in the fall compared with spring, possibly influenced by low spring rainfall. A single tillage pass at the Edmonton and Kinsella locations did not affect wild oat seed distribution, but there was an increase in seeds present in the surface layer in the untilled treatment at Lacombe. Tillage, used in combination with soil-applied herbicides, may be an option to achieve acceptable control of herbicide-resistant wild oat.

Split Applications of Herbicides at Reduced Rates Can Effectively Control Wild Oat (Avena fatua) in Wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam J. Lockhart ◽  
Kirk A. Howatt
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Oat Seeds

Split application of herbicides for wild oat control may minimize wild oat competition with wheat while reducing the number of wild oat seeds returned to the soil. Field experiments were conducted in 2000 and 2001 to evaluate the effects of CGA-184927, fenoxaprop-P, flucarbazone, and ICIA 0604 at labeled and reduced rates on wild oat control, wild oat seed rain, and wheat yield. Each herbicide was applied once at 25, 33, and 100% of the labeled rate at the two-leaf stage of wild oat or split applied at 50 and 66% of the full rate as two equal applications. Excellent full-season wild oat control was obtained with CGA-184927, flucarbazone, and ICIA 0604 applied twice at reduced rates. ICIA 0604 or CGA-184927 split applied at 25 and 33% rates (totaled 50 and 66% of the full rate) provided wild oat control equal to one application of labeled rates. Wild oat seed rain was similar among all herbicide treatments, except plots treated with fenoxaprop-P once at 25 and 33% rates where seed rain was higher and equal to 47% of untreated plots. Wheat yields and net returns were highest and similar after treatment with CGA-184927 or ICIA 0604 applied either once at the labeled rate or split applied at 25 or 33% rates.

Promotion of Germination of Dormant Weed Seeds by Substituted Phthalimides and Gibberellic Acid

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Both gibberellic acid and the substituted phthalimide AC-94377 [1-(3-chlorophthalimido)cyclohexanecarboximide] actively promoted germination of dormant seeds in five species out of nine. The species that responded to both compounds included wild oat (Avena fatuaL.), wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L.C. Wheeler], curly dock (Rumex crispusL.), field pennycress (Thlapsi arvenseL.) and tansy phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifoliaL. Benth.). on a weight-per-weight basis, the ability of AC-94377 to stimulate germination was equal to, or greater than, GA3. The other two substituted phthalimides tested, AC-92803 [2-(3-chlorophthalimido)-2-methyl-2-isobutyl-acetamide] and AC-99524 [1-tetrahydrophthalimido-cyclohexane-carboximide], had either slight or no stimulatory activity.

Growth Characteristics of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) in the Pacific Northwest

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Morrow ◽  
David R. Gealy
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Anther Extrusion ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) seedlings from mature seeds emerged in silt loam from depths up to 17.5 cm in the greenhouse or 15 cm under field conditions. No emergence occurred from greater depths. Under field conditions, the greatest percentage of shoots emerged from seeds planted 5 cm deep. Wild oat in a space-planted nursery produced an average of 19 tillers, reached a maximum height of 79 cm, and produced an average of 1072 seeds. The number of tillers per plant, the number of seeds per panicle, and the total number of seeds per plant increased with an increase in annual precipitation. Wild oat seeds harvested as early as 3 days after anther extrusion germinated, but seeds harvested 6 or 7 days after anther extrusion germinated more rapidly.

Genetic Variability for Herbicide Reaction in Plant Populations

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Price ◽  
James E. Hill ◽  
R. W. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Avena Barbata

The level of genetic variation for tolerance to herbicides was quantified in populations of slender wild oat (Avena barbata Brott. # AVEBA), wild oat (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA), and godetia (Clarkia williamsonii Lewis & Lewis) that had not been previously exposed to herbicides. Seedlings of wild oat and godetia were treated with barban (4-chloro-2-butynl-m-chlorocarbanilate) and bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), respectively. The plants were rated for phytotoxic effects following treatment. A one-way analysis of variance on arcsin-transformed phytotoxicity ratings showed significant amounts of inter- and intrapopulation variability for herbicide reaction. Furthermore, the amount of genetic variance for herbicide reaction is higher than expected on the basis of mutation alone, suggesting selection favoring genes conferring herbicide tolerance occurs in natural populations.

Chaff collection reduces seed dispersal of wild oat (Avena fatua) by a combine harvester

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Combine harvesters have the potential to disperse weed seeds great distances. Reducing this dispersal may be important in an integrated weed management system. The objectives of this study were to determine the distance that wild oat seeds are dispersed by a combine harvester and the effect of chaff collection on combine harvester seed dispersal. This was measured by sampling wild oat seeds at varying distances behind a combine equipped with a removable chaff collection system after it passed through a wild oat patch. Chaff collection consistently reduced the amount and distance that wild oat seeds were dispersed. This occurred because more than 74% of the total wild oat seed that were ejected from the combine were in the chaff. Because most of the chaff falls in a row directly behind the combine, chaff collection only affected dispersal in this area. In 1996, chaff collection reduced wild oat seed dispersal past the wild oat patch to less than 10 seeds m−2at 45 m, whereas without chaff collection, there was greater than 10 seeds m−2up to 145 m. At distances beyond 145 m, chaff collection had no significant effect on seed dispersal. Chaff collection may be an important tool in an integrated weed management program because it may slow weed invasions and reduce the expansion of weed patches.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY DORMANCY IN WILD OAT SEEDS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN G. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Primary Dormancy ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Mature Seeds

Germination in response to gibberellic acid was used as an assay for wild oat seed dormancy. In growth chamber studies removal of glumes, a 5 °C reduction in night temperature (20 °C day/15 °C night vs. constant 20 °C), and a shorter photoperiod (12 vs. 18 h) during the period following panicle emergence reduced subsequent germination (increased dormancy) of mature seeds. Dormancy of field-grown wild oat seeds increased with increasing seed maturity and was affected by planting location and associated crop.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document