scholarly journals In vitro assessment of the starch digestibility of western Canadian wheat market classes and cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namalika D. Karunaratne ◽  
Dawn A. Abbott ◽  
Ravindra N. Chibbar ◽  
Pierre J. Hucl ◽  
Curtis J. Pozniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Market Class ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Total Starch

The objective of the study was to measure the effect of wheat market class and cultivar on starch digestibility using an in vitro model that mimics the chicken digestive tract and relate it to grain characteristics. The study evaluated 18 wheat cultivars from eight western Canadian wheat classes and, each cultivar was replicated four times. Samples were subjected to gastric and small intestine (SI) digestion phases and each sample was assayed in triplicate; glucose release was measured in SI phase. Starch granule distribution, amylose, total starch, crude protein (CP), ash, and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) were analyzed in all wheat samples. Small intestinal phase times of 15, 60, and 120 min were chosen to approximate digestion in the terminal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Starch digestibility of wheat classes ranged as follows: 15 min — 33.1% to 49.1%, 60 min — 80.2% to 93.3%, and 120 min — 92.4% to 97.6%. Starch digestibility positively correlated with CP, ash, NSP, and proportion of large granules, whereas it negatively correlated with total starch, and proportion of small and medium granules. In conclusion, market class and cultivar of western Canadian wheat affects both rate and extent of starch digestibility and it is related to various grain characteristics.

Toxicity, uptake, and nuclear translocation of ingested micro-nanoplastics in an in vitro model of the small intestinal epithelium

2021 ◽  
pp. 112609
Author(s):  
Glen M. DeLoid ◽  
Xiaoqiong Cao ◽  
Dimitrios Bitounis ◽  
Dilpreet Singh ◽  
Paula Montero Llopis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Small Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Vitro Model

An in Vitro Assessment of a Monitor for Continuous Inline Measurement of PO2, PCO2 and pH during Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Perfusion ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Peter Alston ◽  
Arthur Trew
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Inline Measurement

The Gas STAT is a monitor which continuously measures PO2. PCO2 and pH inline during cardiopulmonary bypass. Using an in vitro model, the monitor's accuracy was compared to standard blood gas analysis over a range of PO2 (2·0–66·7 kPa), PCO2 (2·7–12·0 kPa) and pH (7–8). Its stability as affected by time, temperature, flow and haematocrit and the presence of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sodium nitroprusside was examined. Good correlations were found between the monitor and standard blood gas analysis for PO2 (r = 0·999, P < 0·001) and PCO2 (r = 0·996, P < 0·001). However, large and unpredictable systematic errors occurred. It was stable under all conditions examined, except that in one sensor there was a statistically significant decline in PCO2 measurement with time (P < 0·005) and the PCO2 readings were affected by temperature (P < 0·021). The monitor provides useful information for blood gas management during cardiopulmonary bypass, but should not be used without recourse to standard blood gas analysis.

scholarly journals Predicting in vivo starch digestibility coefficients in newly weaned piglets from in vitro assessment of diets using multivariate analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic J. Doucet ◽  
Gavin A. White ◽  
Florian Wulfert ◽  
Sandra E. Hill ◽  
Julian Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Small Intestinal

The study was based on correlating a dataset of in vivo mean starch digestibility coefficients obtained in the immediate post-weaning phase of piglets with a range of dietary in vitro variables. The paper presents a model that predicts (R2 0·71) in vivo average starch digestibility coefficients in the 0·5 small-intestinal region of newly weaned piglets fed cereal-based diets using seven in vitro variables describing starch properties that are fundamentally associated with the quality of feed materials, i.e. hydration, structure and amylolytic digestion. The variables were: Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA; measures the viscosity of materials when sheared under defined hydration and temperature regimens); RVA end viscosity; RVA (gelatinisation) peak viscosity; ΔH (gelatinisation enthalpy that provides an estimate of helical order or degree of crystallinity in starch); water solubility index (WSI; that denotes the amount of soluble polysaccharides released from starch granules to the aqueous phase); grain endogenous amylase (concentration of endogenous α-amylase in cereals, assessed by pasting cereal flours in 25 g of AgNO3, an amylase inhibitor v. water using RVA).

Characterization of Metabolites of Hydroxycinnamates in the in Vitro Model of Human Small Intestinal Epithelium Caco-2 Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (27) ◽  
pp. 7884-7891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Kern ◽  
Richard N. Bennett ◽  
Paul W. Needs ◽  
Fred A. Mellon ◽  
Paul A. Kroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Small Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Comparative In Vitro Assessment of a Range of Commercial Feed Additives with Multiple Mycotoxin Binding Claims

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolawole ◽  
Meneely ◽  
Greer ◽  
Chevallier ◽  
Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Vitro Model

Contamination of animal feed with multiple mycotoxins is an ongoing and growing issue, as over 60% of cereal crops worldwide have been shown to be contaminated with mycotoxins. The present study was carried out to assess the efficacy of commercial feed additives sold with multi-mycotoxin binding claims. Ten feed additives were obtained and categorised into three groups based on their main composition. Their capacity to simultaneously adsorb deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin B1 (FB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin was assessed and compared using an in vitro model designed to simulate the gastrointestinal tract of a monogastric animal. Results showed that only one product (a modified yeast cell wall) effectively adsorbed more than 50% of DON, ZEN, FB1, OTA, T-2 and AFB1, in the following order: AFB1 > ZEN > T-2 > DON > OTA > FB1. The remaining products were able to moderately bind AFB1 (44–58%) but had less, or in some cases, no effect on ZEN, FB1, OTA and T-2 binding (<35%). It is important for companies producing mycotoxin binders that their products undergo rigorous trials under the conditions which best mimic the environment that they must be active in. Claims on the binding efficiency should only be made when such data has been generated.

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