scholarly journals “Frog’s umbrella” and “ghost’s face powder”: The cultural roles of mushrooms and other fungi for Canadian Indigenous Peoples

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Turner ◽  
Alain Cuerrier
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Roles

This paper describes the importance of fungi to Canadian Indigenous Peoples. Based on collaborative research with Indigenous knowledge holders and a review of literature, approximately 30-40 fungi are documented as having cultural roles for Canadian Indigenous groups. Some peoples have not eaten mushrooms traditionally, whereas others have a history of harvesting, cooking, storing and trading mushrooms as part of their diets. Perennial tree fungi have application as tinder, fire starter, and for carving masks. They also have a range of medicinal uses, some being consumed as medicinal teas, and others applied externally, in some cases by moxibustion to relieve underlying pain. Puffballs also have a range of material and medicinal applications, especially for stopping haemorrhages. Fungi are widely known for spiritual or sacred associations, and play key roles in rituals, ceremonies, stories and beliefs, which are also reflected in the names of some species. The antiquity of peoples’ relationships with fungi is likely very deep, extending back to ancient Asian or European ancestors of Pleistocene times, whose descendants on those continents have used them in similar ways. Fungi continue to play important roles for Indigenous Peoples today, with some being harvested commercially, and many still used in traditional ways.

Community Participation as an Ethical Principle for Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kral
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

There is a long history of research with Indigenous peoples by outsiders, and many Indigenous communities have felt exploited. Terms such as drive-by research have been used, as well as expressions such as “we have been researched to death.” Anthropology itself has been accused of spying, and Vine Deloria asked anthropologists to “become productive members” in an Indigenous community “instead of ideological vultures” treating people as objects. A great many Indigenous communities and organizations are now requesting outside researchers to join their communities in a collaborative research partnership, and some have produced ethical principles for research highlighting this participatory relationship. In this article, I discuss some of this history and current direction, giving examples of Indigenous research partnerships and Indigenous research from the inside. Participatory research is extended beyond Indigenous communities to the social sciences, as positive outcomes are being seen across disciplines.

scholarly journals Decolonizing Methodologies, Situated Resilience, and Country: Insights from Tayal Country, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9751
Author(s):  
Yayut Yishiuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Decolonizing Methodologies ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Human World ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Ontological Shift ◽  
Methodological Principles

This paper addresses the methodological challenges of working with Indigenous peoples in the Anthropocene. Drawing from the author’s geographical fieldwork with Tayal people, one of sixteen nationally recognized Indigenous groups in Taiwan, it argues that ontological shift is required in the dominant ways of thinking about resilience research. After reviewing a well-adopted Australian custom called ‘Acknowledgement of Country’, the paper addresses the concept of Indigenizing methodology and mobilizing the concepts of ‘Country’ and ‘situated resilience’ in Tayal settings. Finally, the paper proposes methodological principles for better engaging Indigenous knowledge in a more-than-human world on an ethical and constructive basis, as well as its implications for resilience research.

Hearing Indigenous Voices, Protecting Indigenous Knowledge

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Recht
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Western Intellectual ◽  
Indigenous Voices

AbstractIn a rapidly globalizing world, indigenous knowledge is in mortal danger, and it will require new forms of intellectual property protection to save it. There are fundamental incongruities between Western intellectual property law and indigenous knowledge that prevent the current international intellectual property framework from fully comprehending or addressing the contexts and needs of indigenous knowledge. This article will review the history of international and regional initiatives to develop protection for indigenous knowledge. It will consider the geopolitical context that has informed discussions about protecting the intangible wealth of indigenous peoples, including the recent addition of articulate and impassioned indigenous voices to the conversation. Finally, this article will discuss some of the concerns that have been raised about subjecting indigenous knowledge to a system of formal legal regulation.

Positioning of Murut and Bajau identities in state forest reserves and marine parks in Sabah, East Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Fadzilah Majid Cooke ◽  
Sofia Johari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Participatory Conservation ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
East Malaysia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conservation Model

This article, which looks at Indigenous communities in the multiethnic, multicultural region of Sabah, East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo, argues that indigeneity is not primordial, but exists in relation to dominant identities as well as other non-dominant, Indigenous groups. Moreover, Indigenous Peoples are not passive recipients of colonial or even postcolonial Othering: their identity is contextualised and contested within majority–minority relations. The article begins with a brief history of the dominant Kadazandusun nationalism in Sabah, in the context of the overarching Bumiputra policy of Malaysia, which privileges constructed Malayness, as background to the discourses and practices of smaller groups of land-based Murut and the sea-oriented ‘Bajau’, where identity switching is taking place in tandem with environmental justice claims. The land-based communities (Murut) have found leverage in making identity and livelihood claims attached to place (here, state-declared forest reserves that seek to exclude them) in line with the recent global environmental justice focus on participatory conservation rather than the older ‘fortress conservation’ model still dominant in state conservation thinking. However, the sea-oriented peoples (Bajau) require other social symbols than land for making their identity claims, in this instance, via claims to ‘modern’ livelihoods and as managers of marine resources with reference to the newly established Tun Mustapha Park. In Sabah, participatory conservation is being reappropriated by Indigenous Peoples to assert claims about place and /or livelihoods; if bureaucratised, however, this form of conservation might turn out to be less than participatory.

Peering Beyond the Imperial Gaze: Using Digital Tools to Construct a Spatial History of Conquest

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy M. Mikecz
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatial Narrative

Ethnohistorians and other scholars have long noted how European colonial texts often concealed the presence and participation of indigenous peoples in New World conquests. This scholarship has examined how European sources (both texts and maps) have denied indigenous history, omitted indigenous presence, elided indigenous agency, and ignored indigenous spaces all while exaggerating their own power and importance. These works provide examples of colonial authors performing these erasures, often as a means to dispossess. What they lack, however, is a systematic means of identifying, locating, and measuring these silences in space and time. This article proposes a spatial history methodology which can make visible, as well as measurable and quantifiable the ways in which indigenous people and spaces have been erased by colonial narratives. It presents two methods for doing this. First, narrative analysis and geovisualization are used to deconstruct the imperial histories found in colonial European sources. Second it combines text with maps to tell a new (spatial) narrative of conquest. This new narrative reconstructs indigenous activity through a variety of digital maps, including ‘mood maps’, indigenous activity maps, and maps of indigenous aid. The resulting spatial narrative shows the Spanish conquest of Peru was never inevitable and was dependent on the constant aid of immense numbers of indigenous people.

Juvenile Fiction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Reimer ◽  
Clare Bradford ◽  
Heather Snell
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
British Literature ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Indigenous Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Juvenile Fiction

This chapter focuses on the juvenile fiction of the British settler colonies to 1950, and considers how writers both take up forms familiar to them from British literature and revise these forms in the attempt to account for the specific geography, politics, and cultures of their places. It is during this time that the heroics associated with building the empire had taken hold of British cultural and literary imaginations. Repeatedly, the juvenile fiction of settler colonies returns to the question of the relations between settlers and Indigenous inhabitants—sometimes respecting the power of Indigenous knowledge and traditions; often expressing the conviction of natural British superiority to Indigenous ways of knowing and living; always revealing, whether overtly or covertly, the haunting of the stories of settler cultures by the displacement of Indigenous peoples on whose land those cultures are founded.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Toxicological Investigation of Morinda citrifolia L. Blossoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixin Deng ◽  
Brett J. West ◽  
'Afa K. Palu ◽  
C. Jarakae Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Toxicological Investigation ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Noni blossoms have a long history of medicinal uses in tropical areas. This study was conducted to investigate the major phytochemical components, toxicological properties, and antioxidant activity of noni blossoms. An HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the identification and quantification of major components. The major phytochemicals were iridoid glycosides, deacetylasperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid, and flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, each present at 3.764, 3.576, 1.513, and 3.096 mg/g, respectively. The aqueous extract of noni blossoms, at 500 μg/mL, exhibited greater antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay than green tea (88.11 ± 0.01% versus 76.60 ± 0.05%). A primary DNA damage test in E. coli PQ37 (SOS-chromotest) and a twenty-four hour brine shrimp toxicity test did not reveal any genotoxic or cytotoxic activity. These results provide a useful reference for the identification of noni blossoms as well as preliminary evaluation of safety and efficacy. Further evaluation of the potential applications of noni blossoms is warranted.

scholarly journals Origins: Colonies and Statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-754
Author(s):  
Barbara Arneil
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
English Language ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Mass Survey ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of

AbstractIn this address, I examine the lexical, geographic, temporal and philosophical origins of two key concepts in modern political thought: colonies and statistics. Beginning with the Latin word colonia, I argue that the modern ideology of settler colonialism is anchored in the claim of “improvement” of both people and land via agrarian labour in John Locke's labour theory of property in seventeenth-century America, through which he sought to provide an ideological justification for both the assimilation and dispossession of Indigenous peoples. This same ideology of colonialism was turned inward a century later by Sir John Sinclair to justify domestic colonies on “waste” land in Scotland—specifically Caithness (the county within which my own grandparents were tenant farmers). Domestic colonialism understood as “improvement” of people (the “idle” poor and mentally ill and disabled) through engagement in agrarian labour on waste land inside explicitly named colonies within the borders of one's own country was first championed not only by Sinclair but also his famous correspondent, Jeremy Bentham, in England. Sinclair simultaneously coined the word statistics and was the first to use it in the English language. He defined it as the scientific gathering of mass survey data to shape state policies. Bentham embraced statistics as well. In both cases, statistics were developed and deployed to support their domestic colony schemes by creating a benchmark and roadmap for the improvement of people and land as well as a tool to measure the colony's capacity to achieve both over time. I conclude that settler colonialism along with the intertwined origins of domestic colonies and statistics have important implications for the study of political science in Canada, the history of colonialism as distinct from imperialism in modern political thought and the role played by intersecting colonialisms in the Canadian polity.

scholarly journals Neonate born with ischemic limb to a COVID-19 positive mother: management and review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahana Perveen ◽  
Karmaine A. Millington ◽  
Suchitra Acharya ◽  
Amit Grag ◽  
Vita Boyar
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Ischemic Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hand Amputation ◽  
Work Up

AbstractObjectivesTo describe challenges in diagnosis and treatment of congenital neonatal gangrene lesions associated with history of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.Case presentationA preterm neonate was born with upper extremity necrotic lesions and a history of active maternal COVID-19 infection. The etiology of his injury was challenging to deduce, despite extensive hypercoagulability work-up and biopsy of the lesion. Management, including partial forearm salvage and hand amputation is described.ConclusionsNeonatal gangrene has various etiologies, including compartment syndrome and intrauterine thromboembolic phenomena. Maternal COVID-19 can cause intrauterine thrombotic events and need to be considered in a differential diagnosis.

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