scholarly journals The Geon 14 arc-related mafic rocks from the central Grenville Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barun Maity ◽  
Aphrodite Indares

The late Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.7–1.2 Ga) evolution of the active southeastern margin of Laurentia terminated with the Grenvillian continental collision and the development of a large, hot, long-duration orogen at ca. 1.09–0.98 Ga. As a result, much of the hinterland of the Grenville Province consists of Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic rocks, mostly preserved as an imbricate stack of high-grade gneisses, that represent a potential repository of active-margin processes. This study presents geochronologic, geochemical, and isotopic analyses of two granulite-facies suites of ca. 1.45–1.40 Ga mafic tholeiites from the Canyon domain (Manicouagan area, central Grenville Province). One suite consists of 1439 +76/–68 Ma high-FeTi mafic sills with εNd values of –0.4 (TDM 2.57–2.72 Ga), indicate derivation from variably depleted to enriched MORB-type mantle sources, probably in an extensional back-arc setting, before intrusion in a ca. 1.5 Ga supracrustal metasedimentary sequence. The other, previously dated, 1410 ± 16 Ma Mafic to intermediate unit exhibits εNd values of 0.0 to +0.9 (TDM 2.02–2.25 Ga), and variably enriched MORB to arc geochemical signatures, for which formation in a transitional back-arc to arc setting is suggested. Integrated with published information, the new data support a model of a long-lived continental-margin arc and intermittent back-arc development on southeast Laurentia during the mid-Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.5–1.4 Ga), in which repeated short periods of extension and crustal thinning in the back-arc or intra-arc regions were followed by compression and crustal thickening.

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Rivers ◽  
Walfried Schwerdtner

The Ottawa River Gneiss Complex (ORGC) in the western Grenville Province of Ontario and Quebec is interpreted as the exhumed mid-crustal core of a large metamorphic core complex. This paper concerns the post-peak evolution of the Muskoka domain, the highest structural level in the southern ORGC that is largely composed of amphibolite-facies straight gneiss derived from retrogressed granulite-facies precursors. It is argued that retrogression and high strain occurred during orogenic collapse and that the Muskoka domain acted as the ductile detachment zone between two stronger crustal units, the underlying granulite-facies core known as the Algonquin domain and the overlying lower grade cover comprising the Composite Arc Belt. Formation of the metamorphic core complex followed Ottawan crustal thickening, peak metamorphism and possible channel flow, and took place in a regime of crustal thinning and gravitational collapse in which the cool brittle–ductile upper crust underwent megaboudinage and the underlying hot ductile mid crust flowed into the intervening megaboudin neck regions. Post-peak crustal thinning in the Muskoka domain began under suprasolidus conditions, was facilitated by widespread retrogression, and was heterogeneous, perhaps attaining ~90% locally. It was associated with a range of ductile, high-temperature extensional structures including multi-order boudinage and associated extensional bending folds, and a regional system of extension-dominated transtensional cross-folds. These ductile structures were followed by brittle–ductile fault propagation folding at higher crustal level after the gneiss complex was substantially exhumed and cooled. Collectively the data record ~60 m.y. of post-peak extension on the margin of an exceptionally large metamorphic core complex in which the ductile detachment zone has a true thickness of ~7 km. The large scale of the core complex is consistent with the deep level of erosion, and the long duration of extensional collapse is compatible with double thickness crust at the metamorphic peak, the presence of abundant leucosome in the mid crust and widespread fluid-fluxed retrogression, collectively pointing to the important role of core complexes in crustal cooling after the peak of the Grenvillian Orogeny.RÉSUMÉLe complexe gneissique de la rivière des Outaouais (ORGC) dans la portion ouest de la Province de Grenville au Québec et en Ontario est interprété comme le cœur d’un grand complexe métamorphique à coeur de noyau. Le présent article porte sur l’évolution post-pic du domaine de Muskoka, soit le niveau structural le plus élevé de l’ORGC composé en grande partie d’orthogneiss au faciès amphibolite dérivés de précurseurs au faciès granulite. Nous soutenons que la rétromorphose et les grandes déformations se sont produites durant l’effondrement orogénique et que le domaine de Muskoka en a été une zone de détachement ductile entre deux unités crustales plus résistantes, le cœur au faciès granulite sous-jacent étant le domaine Algonquin, et la chapeau sus-jacent à plus faible grade de métamorphisme comprenant le Ceinture d’Arc Composite. La formation du complexe métamorphique à coeur de noyau est survenue après l’épaississement crustale ottavien, le pic métamorphique et le possible flux en chenal, et s’est produit en régime d’amincissement crustal et d’effondrement gravitationnel au cours duquel la croûte supérieure refroidie a subit un mégaboudinage et où la croûte moyenne chaude et ductile sous-jacente a flué dans les régions entre les mégaboudins. L’amincissement crustale post-pic dans le domaine de Muskoka, qui a débuté en conditions suprasolidus, a été facilité par une rétromorphose généralisée, hétérogène, atteignant à peu près 90 % par endroits. Celle-ci a été associée avec une gamme de structures d’extension ductiles de haute température, incluant du boudinage de plusieurs ordres de grandeur et de plis de flexure d’extension, ainsi qu’un système régional de plis croisés d’origine transtensionnelle. À ces structures ductiles a succédé une phase de plissement de propagation de failles cassantes à ductiles à un plus haut niveau crustal, après que le complexe gneissique ait été exhumé et se soit refroidi. Prises ensemble, les données indiquent une extension post-pic sur la marge d’un complexe métamorphique à coeur de noyau exceptionnellement grand aux environs de 60 m.y. et dans laquelle la zone de détachement montre une épaisseur véritable d’environ 7 km. La grandeur de l’échelle du complexe métamorphique à coeur de noyau concorde avec le fort niveau d’érosion, et la grande durée de l’effondrement d’extension est compatible avec une croûte de double épaisseur au pic de métamorphisme, la présence de leucosomes abondants dans la croûte moyenne et d’une rétromorphose à flux fluidique généralisée, l’ensemble indiquant l’importance du rôle des complexes métamorphiques à coeur de noyau dans le refroidissement de la croûte après le pic de l’orogenèse grenvillienne.


2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1063-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Markley ◽  
Steven R. Dunn ◽  
Michael J. Jercinovic ◽  
William H. Peck ◽  
Michael L. Williams

The Central Metasedimentary Belt boundary zone (CMBbz) is a crustal-scale shear zone that juxtaposes the Central Gneiss Belt and the Central Metasedimentary Belt of the Grenville Province. Geochronological work on the timing of deformation and metamorphism in the CMBbz is ambiguous, and the questions that motivate our study are: how many episodes of shear zone activity did the CMBbz experience, and what is the tectonic significance of each episode? We present electron microprobe data from monazite (the U–Th–Pb chemical method) to directly date deformation and metamorphism recorded in five garnet–biotite gneiss samples collected from three localities of the CMBbz of Ontario (West Guilford, Fishtail Lake, and Killaloe). All three localities yield youngest monazite dates ca. 1045 Ma; most of the monazite domains that yield these dates are high-Y rims. In comparison with this common late Ottawan history, the earlier history of the three CMBbz localities is less clearly shared. The West Guilford samples have monazite grain cores that show older high-Y domains and younger low-Y domains; these cores yield a prograde early Ottawan (1100–1075 Ma) history. The Killaloe samples yield a well-defined prograde, pre- to early Shawinigan history (i.e., 1220–1160 Ma) in addition to some evidence for a second early Ottawan event. In other words, the answers to our research questions are: three events; a Shawinigan event possibly associated with crustal thickening, an Ottawan event possibly associated with another round of crustal thickening, and a late Ottawan event that resists simple interpretation in terms of metamorphic history but that coincides chronologically with crustal thinning at the base of an orogenic lid.


Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Brudner ◽  
Hehe Jiang ◽  
Xu Chu ◽  
Ming Tang

The Grenville Province on the eastern margin of Laurentia is a remnant of a Mesoproterozoic orogenic plateau that comprised the core of the ancient supercontinent Rodinia. As a protracted Himalayan-style orogen, its orogenic history is vital to understanding Mesoproterozoic tectonics and paleoenvironmental evolution. In this study, we compared two geochemical proxies for crustal thickness: whole-rock [La/Yb]N ratios of intermediate-to-felsic rocks and europium anomalies (Eu/Eu*) in detrital zircons. We compiled whole-rock geochemical data from 124 plutons in the Laurentian Grenville Province and collected trace-element and geochronological data from detrital zircons from the Ottawa and St. Lawrence River (Canada) watersheds. Both proxies showed several episodes of crustal thickening and thinning during Grenvillian orogenesis. The thickest crust developed in the Ottawan phase (~60 km at ca. 1080 Ma and ca. 1045 Ma), when the collision culminated, but it was still up to 20 km thinner than modern Tibet. We speculate that a hot crust and several episodes of crustal thinning prevented the Grenville hinterland from forming a high Tibet-like plateau, possibly due to enhanced asthenosphere-lithosphere interactions in response to a warm mantle beneath a long-lived supercontinent, Nuna-Rodinia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 840-854
Author(s):  
Richard A. Volkert

New geochemical and 40Ar/39Ar hornblende and biotite data from the Grenvillian Trenton Prong inlier provide the first constraints for the identification of lithotectonic units, their tectonic setting, and their metamorphic to post-metamorphic history. Gneissic tonalite, diorite, and gabbro compose the Colonial Lake Suite magmatic arc that developed along eastern Laurentia prior to 1.2 Ga. Spatially associated low- and high-TiO2 amphibolites were formed from island-arc basalt proximal to the arc front and mid-ocean ridge basalt-like basalt in a back-arc setting, respectively. Supracrustal paragneisses include meta-arkose derived from a continental sediment source of Laurentian affinity and metagraywacke and metapelite from an arc-like sediment source deposited in a back-arc basin, inboard of the Colonial Lake arc. The Assunpink Creek Granite was emplaced post-tectonically as small bodies of peraluminous syenogranite produced through partial melting of a subduction-modified felsic crustal source. Prograde mineral assemblages reached granulite- to amphibolite-facies metamorphic conditions during the Ottawan phase of the Grenvillian Orogeny. Hornblende 40Ar/39Ar ages of 935–923 Ma and a biotite age of 868 Ma record slow cooling in the northern part of the inlier following the metamorphic peak. Elsewhere in the inlier, biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages of 440 Ma and 377–341 Ma record partial to complete thermal resetting or new growth during the Taconian and Acadian orogens. The results of this study are consistent with the Trenton Prong being the down-dropped continuation of the Grenvillian New Jersey Highlands on the hanging wall of a major detachment fault. The Trenton Prong therefore correlates to other central and northern Appalachian Grenvillian inliers and to parts of the Grenville Province proper.


2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-802
Author(s):  
L B Harris ◽  
B Rivard ◽  
L Corriveau

The Lac Nominingue – Mont-Laurier region of the Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province of Quebec, comprises the granulite-facies Bondy gneiss complex (core of the Bondy gneiss dome) and overlying Sourd group metasedimentary rocks. A metamorphic foliation – transposed compositional layering (S1; host to peak-pressure parageneses) has been folded by isoclinal folds (F2 and F3) crosscut by leucosomes that host peak-temperature assemblages. The orthopyroxene isograd cuts obliquely across F3 folds, indicating that 1.20–1.18 Ga granulite-facies metamorphism post-dated D3. D3 structures are cut by ductile shear zones and boudinaged in D4 and are folded by regional-scale, open, upright north–south folds (F5). Folds with shallowly dipping axial surfaces (F6) are subsequently developed in the Sourd group. F5 (and probably F6) developed prior to intrusion of the ca. 1165 Ma Chevreuil suite. In the Nominingue–Chénéville deformation zone (NCDZ) east of the Bondy gneiss dome, Chevreuil intrusions contain north-striking magmatic and tectonic foliations. These, along with host gneisses and metasedimentary rocks, are displaced by conjugate ductile shear zones (northeast dextral and south-southeast sinistral) and north-northeast-striking thrusts. Late open folds (F8) with east-northeast-striking axial surfaces produce dome and basin interference patterns. F2 to F5 folds may have formed during either subhorizontal, east–west contraction or east–west extension resulting from orogenic collapse or convective lithospheric thinning following crustal thickening during terrane assembly in the Elzevirian orogeny. Structures in the NCDZ imply ESE–WNW contraction and NNE–SSW (orogen-parallel) extension in D7 syn- to post-intrusion of the Chevreuil suite. F8 folds imply a late, Grenvillian SSE–NNW contraction.


2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-A. Sappin ◽  
M. Constantin ◽  
T. Clark ◽  
O. van Breemen

The Portneuf–Mauricie Domain in the Grenville Province consists of the Montauban group rocks (1.45 Ga), intruded by the La Bostonnais complex plutons (1.40–1.37 Ga). This assemblage was formed in a magmatic arc setting. The sequence was intruded by mafic–ultramafic tholeiitic plutons, some of which host Ni–Cu ± PGE (platinum group element) prospects. U–Pb zircon ages determined from these plutons indicate that the mineralized intrusions were emplaced between 1.40 and 1.39 Ga and that they are coeval with the La Bostonnais complex plutons. The Ni–Cu ± PGE-bearing intrusions have mature island-arc trace element signatures, with strong chemical evidence for differentiation (Mg# and Cr content; MgO and TiO2 contents) and crustal contamination (enrichments in K2O, Rb, Ba, Th, and light rare-earth elements; Th/Yb and Ta/Yb ratios). However, one intrusion displays a back-arc trace element signature associated with evidence for weak crust assimilation. The evolution of the Portneuf–Mauricie Domain is interpreted as follows: (1) 1.45 Ga — Northwesterly directed Andean-type subduction beneath the Laurentian craton margin. Furthermore, northwest-dipping intraoceanic subduction offshore from the continent formed the Montauban island arc. (2) 1.45 to 1.40 Ga — Andean-type subduction led to the formation of a back-arc basin behind the Montauban arc. (3) 1.40 Ga — Emplacement of the La Bostonnais complex plutons, some hosting Ni–Cu ± PGE prospects, into the Montauban arc. (4) 1.39 Ga — Subduction beneath Laurentia led to arc–continent collision and to closure of the back-arc basin. Intrusion of the Ni–Cu ± PGE-bearing plutons ceased. (5) 1.37 Ga — Intrusion of all La Bostonnais complex plutons ceased.


2004 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges H. Mascle ◽  
Pierre Tricart ◽  
Luigi Torelli ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bouillin ◽  
Roberto Compagnoni ◽  
...  

Abstract The Sardinia Channel is located in a 400 km-long submerged section of the Apennine-Maghrebian branch of the Alpine chain. The Sardinia Channel connects the Algerian-Ligurian-Provençal to the Tyrrhenian oceanic basins. The structure of this region results from the superposition of two tectonic regimes: an earlier crustal thickening and a later crustal thinning. The crustal thickening is the consequence of the shortening which occurred in the late Oligocene–early Miocene during the build up of the Apennine-Maghrebian Orogen. This thickening is coeval with the rotation of the Corsican-Sardinian block and the opening of the Provençal-Algerian back-arc basin. All of these structures, as well as the magmatic arcs in Sardinia and Tunisia, i.e. the Galite Archipelago, are connected to the subduction of the Tethyan Ocean. The crustal thinning is associated with the rifting of the Tyrrhenian Basin, which occurred just before the Messinian salinity crisis and was accompanied by significant erosion throughout the region. This erosion was followed by a period of thermal subsidence linked to the opening of the Tyrrhenian oceanic basin in the Plio-Quaternary, interspersed with minor episodes of compression. On the Sardinian margin, the dives led to the discovery of a submarine volcano, dated at 12.6 Ma, and composed of shoshonitic andesites with lamprophyre inclusions, and to the characterization of the nature and structure of the underlying basement, consisting of tilted blocks of Hercynian metamorphic and granitic rocks and their sedimentary cover. The sea floor morphology reflects this structure. The other areas of the Sardinia Channel explored, i.e. its southern margin and central ridge, belong to the Calabrian-Peloritanian-Kabylian group (CPK). They are composed of a metamorphic and granitic Hercynian basement deformed during the Alpine orogeny, which is stratigraphically overlain by an Oligo-Miocene detrital cover of Peloritanian or Kabylian type, and tectonically overlain by the so-called “flysch nappe”. Throughout the CPK domain these formations were subjected during the Oligo-Miocene, at ca. 23 Ma ago, to a first denudation event, and during the Tortonian, ca. 10-8 Ma ago, to a second denudation, which has been connected to the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin. Structures, microstructures and thermochronological data indicate relatively low P-T conditions for the extensional deformations: this suggests that these units remained at shallow depths in the Apennine-Maghrebian Orogen, and were relatively preserved from the Messinian erosion. The age (12.5 Ma) and nature of the volcanic sequence in the Sorelles is closely comparable with the calc-alkaline suite of the Galite Archipelago, Tunisia. Thus, the data gathered during the dives in the Sardinia Channel give new constraints to the reconstruction of the kinematic evolution not only of the region, but also to the entire western Mediterranean.


2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 359-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Rivers ◽  
David Corrigan

A continental-margin magmatic arc is inferred to have existed on the southeastern (present coordinates) margin of Laurentia from Labrador to Texas from ~1500-1230 Ma, with part of the arc subsequently being incorporated into the 1190-990 Ma collisional Grenville Orogen. Outside the Grenville Province, where the arc is known as the Granite-Rhyolite Belt, it is undeformed, whereas within the Grenville Province it is deformed and metamorphosed. The arc comprises two igneous suites, an inboard, principally quartz monzonitic to granodioritic suite, and an outboard tonalitic to granodioritic suite. The quartz monzonite-granodiorite suite was largely derived from continental crust, whereas the tonalitic-granodiorite suite is calc-alkaline and has a juvenile isotopic signature. Available evidence from the Grenville Province suggests that the arc oscillated between extensional and compressional settings several times during the Mesoproterozoic. Back-arc deposits of several ages, that formed during relatively brief periods of extension, include (1) mafic dyke swarms subparallel to the arc; (2) continental sediments, bimodal volcanics and plateau basalts; (3) marine sediments and volcanics formed on stretched continental crust; and (4) ocean crust in a marginal basin. Closure of the back-arc basins occurred during the accretionary Pinwarian (~1495-1445 Ma) and Elzevirian (~1250-1190 Ma) orogenies, as well as during three pulses of crustal shortening associated with the 1190-990 Ma collisional Grenvillian Orogeny. During the Elzevirian Orogeny, closure of the Central Metasedimentary Belt marginal basin in the southeastern Grenville Province was marked by subduction-related magmatism as well as by imbrication of back-arc deposits. The presence of a continental-margin magmatic arc on southeastern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic implies that other coeval magmatism inboard from the arc took place in a back-arc setting. Such magmatism was widespread and chemically diverse and included large volume "anorogenic" anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) complexes as well as small volume alkaline, quartz-saturated and -undersaturated "within-plate" granitoids. Recognition of the ~300 million year duration of the Mesoproterozoic convergent margin of southeastern Laurentia suggests that there may be useful parallels with the evolution of the Andes, which has been a convergent margin since the early Paleozoic.


2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
PASQUALE ACQUAFREDDA ◽  
ANNAMARIA FORNELLI ◽  
GIUSEPPE PICCARRETA ◽  
ANNARITA PASCAZIO

AbstractPorphyroblastic garnet-bearing metagabbros from the base of the lower crust section of the Serre (southern Italy) exhibit multi-stage dehydration and decompression after the Panafrican emplacement of their protoliths. The first dehydration event produced Am–Opx–Cpx–Pl–Grt as the peak assemblage. Two decompression stages are documented by: (1) coronas of Opx–Pl and Opx–Am, and symplectites of Opx–Am–Pl around clinopyroxene within the porphyroblastic garnet as well as in the matrix and (2) symplectites of Pl–Am–Opx–Grt having different textures around the porphyroblastic garnet. During the second decompression stage, a new local, somewhat intense, dehydration occurred and produced rims of Opx+Pl around the porphyroblastic amphibole, or lenses of Pl–Opx–Am–Spl±Bt between layers of dominant amphibole. A deformation stage separates older from younger reaction textures. The porphyroblastic garnet, its inclusions and the matrix are affected by fractures, which have been overgrown by coronas and symplectites around the porphyroblastic garnet and the amphibole of the matrix. PreferredP–Testimates are: ∼900 °C and ∼1.1 GPa at the metamorphic peak; ∼850 °C and 0.8–0.9 GPa during the formation of corona around clinopyroxene; 750–650 °C and 0.7–0.8 GPa during the formation of corona around garnet. All these textures formed under granulite-facies conditions. The subsequent metamorphic evolution consists of rehydration under amphibolite-facies conditions. TheP–T–tpath agrees with the path shown by the uppermost migmatites of the Serre section, and theP–Testimates at the top and the bottom of the section are consistent with the thickness (7–8 km) of the lower crustal segment. A contractional regime, which caused a crustal thickening of about 35 km, was followed by an extensional one producing significant crustal thinning; the change of tectonic regime probably occurred about 300 Ma ago when the emplacement of voluminous granitoids and the initial stages of exhumation of the lower crustal section had taken place.


Author(s):  
Henrik Rasmussen ◽  
Lars Frimodt Pedersen

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Rasmussen, H., & Frimodt Pedersen, L. (1999). Stratigraphy, structure and geochemistry of Archaean supracrustal rocks from Oqaatsut and Naajaat Qaqqaat, north-east Disko Bugt, West Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 181, 65-78. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v181.5114 _______________ Two Archaean supracrustal sequences in the area north-east of Disko Bugt, c. 1950 and c. 800 m in thickness, are dominated by pelitic and semipelitic mica schists, interlayered with basic metavolcanic rocks. A polymict conglomerate occurs locally at the base of one of the sequences. One of the supracrustal sequences has undergone four phases of deformation; the other three phases. In both sequences an early phase, now represented by isoclinal folds, was followed by north-west-directed thrusting. A penetrative deformation represented by upright to steeply inclined folds is only recognised in one of the sequences. Steep, brittle N–S and NW–SE striking faults transect all rock units including late stage dolerites and lamprophyres. Investigation of major- and trace-element geochemistry based on discrimination diagrams for tectonic setting suggests that both metasediments and metavolcanic rocks were deposited in an environment similar to a modern back-arc setting.


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