Operational biomass recovery of small trees: equations for six central Ontario tree species

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Thiel ◽  
Nathan Basiliko ◽  
John Caspersen ◽  
Jeff Fera ◽  
Trevor Jones
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Biomass Equations ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstocks ◽  
Biomass Recovery ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree

Accurate estimates of the amount of biomass that can be recovered at the roadside are needed to make informed decisions about whether to implement an increased utilization harvesting system to supply additional bioenergy feedstocks. Current estimates of recovery are based on total aboveground biomass equations that do not always account for the volume lost to the unharvested stumps or to tops and branches broken during forestry operations. The study took place in a white pine (Pinus strobus L.) mixedwood forest at the Petawawa Research Forest in central Ontario. Equations to describe recoverable biomass were developed from 371 cut and skidded trees, which ranged from 3 to 24 cm in diameter at breast height, across six species. For each species and diameter size class, we evaluated the difference between estimates produced by locally developed equations and those from published equations produced for other locations and forest types. Our recovered biomass estimates were generally higher than the Canadian national averages but within the observed range of published values from across North America. We report that small trees are recovered nearly in their entirety, with little breakage and loss during operations. The high degree of variability among estimates produced by the various equations poses one of the biggest challenges in accurately estimating roadside biomass in an operational setting.

Comparison of relative accuracy and time requirement between the caliper, the diameter tape and an electronic tree measuring fork

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Binot ◽  
David Pothier ◽  
Jeannot Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Relative Accuracy ◽  
Diameter Measurement ◽  
Time Requirement ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Diameter Outside Bark

This study compares the relative accuracy of diameters measured with the caliper, the diameter tape, and the electronic tree measuring fork (ETMF) Tally BoyMC with and without reflector. The time required for the measure and the data entry of diameters to computer for each instrument was also evaluated. Significant differences in mean DBH (diameter outside bark at breast height — 1.3 m above ground) generally occurred among instruments. Nevertheless, even if these differences were significant, they were less than 1 cm for five of the six species tested. For white pine (Pinus strobus L.), however, the use of the ETMF without reflector led to an important overestimation of the DBH in comparison to the caliper, the diameter tape and the ETMF with reflector. The typical fissured bark observed on white pines could probably explain that overestimation. For all species, the addition of the reflector to the ETMF decreased the differences among instruments. The measures taken with the diameter tape were slightly larger than those made with the caliper. In comparison to the diameter tape and the caliper, the ETMF reduced the time required for date collection from 35 to 45%. Key words: diameter measurement, timber inventory

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

White pine (Pinus strobus L.) regeneration dynamics at the species’ northern limit of continuous distribution

New Forests ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadav Uprety ◽  
Hugo Asselin ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Regeneration Dynamics

CAMBIAL BEHAVIOR WITH REFERENCE TO CELL LENGTH AND RING WIDTH IN PINUS STROBUS L.

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Bannan
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Individual Trees

The relationships between width of annual rings, length of wood cells, and frequency of anticlinal (multiplicative) divisions in fusiform cambial cells were studied by reference to trees of various growth patterns. The trees selected ranged from 8 to 20 in. diameter and included both open-grown specimens with branches close to the ground and forest types with tall, slender shafts. Much fluctuation was noted among individual trees, but in general there was, in the peripheral growth, an inverse relationship between length of wood cells and width of annual rings. The frequency of anticlinal divisions in the cambium remained at a more or less uniform rate in trees with rings from 1.5 to 5 mm wide, but rose sharply when ring width fell below 1.3 mm. This was in contrast to the situation observed earlier in Thuja occidentalis where the rise in frequency of anticlinal divisions was slight and occurred only in trees with rings less than 0.3 mm wide.

Gebruiksaspecten van het uitroeppartikel wat in het Nederlands en Fries

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-209
Author(s):  
Henk Wolf
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lexical Phrase ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Lexical Phrases

Abstract Both Dutch and (West) Frisian make use of the exclamative particle wat (‘how’), that adds an element of surprise about a high degree of something to the semantics of the sentence. In this paper I will first show the similarities between the use of the particle in the two languages. I will demonstrate that, in Dutch, its use is largely confined to constructions that are semantically scalable, whereas in Frisian this restriction is far less strict. I will explain the difference by showing that Dutch wat is a syntactic amplifier of lexical phrases, whereas Frisian wat has developed into a pragmatic amplifier of the core predicate. I will try to account for that difference by showing how homophonous words absent in Dutch are likely to have influenced the use of Frisian wat, and how Dutch prosody strengthens the connection between wat and the amplified lexical phrase, whereas Frisian prosody weakens it. Finally, I will show that the system described as ‘Frisian’ is occasionally found in varieties of Dutch too

Stem eccentricity in coastal western hemlock

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Kellogg ◽  
Francis J. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Major Axis ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Eccentricity Ratio ◽  
Angular Rotation ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Eccentricity ◽  
Practical Field

Stem eccentricity in second-growth western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) from southern coastal British Columbia appears to be the rule rather than the exception. Although the difference was small, the average eccentricity ratios (ratios of minimum diameter inside bark (DIB) to maximum DIB) for two Lower Mainland sites were significantly larger than those of two Vancouver Island sites. The average eccentricity ratio of all 87 trees studied was 0.929, with a standard deviation of 0.0231. The angular rotation of the major axis of the stem cross section varied greatly, and was positively related to the average stem eccentricity ratio within 5-m log lengths for each stem. Average eccentricity of the whole stem was relatively independent of diameter at breast height (DBH), age, stem height, and eccentricity at breast height. It does not appear that a practical field technique could be devised for the rapid estimation of average stem eccentricity in western hemlock.

scholarly journals Amplitude response of a telemetered seismic system from seismometers to digital acquisition system

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Di Giovambattista ◽  
S. Barba ◽  
A. Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signals ◽  
Amplitude Response ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
Steady State Method ◽  
Sinusoidal Current ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Seismic System

Automated amplitude response of the complete seismometer, telemetry and recording system js obtaiued trom sinusoidal inputs to the calibration coil. Custom-built software was designed to perform fully automatic cali- bration analyses of the digital signals. In this paper we describe the signals used for calibration and interactive and batch procedures designed to obtain calibration functions in automatic mode. By using a steady-state method we reach a high degree of accuracy in the determination of both the frequency and amplitude of the \ignal. The only parameters required by this procedure are the seismometer mass, the calibration-coil constant and the intensity of the current injected into the calibration coil. This procedure is applicable to telemetered seismic systems and represents an optimization of the processing time. The software was designed to requjre no modification" jf the device used to generate the sinusoidal current should change. In particular, it is possi- ble to changc the number of monotrequcncy packages transmitted to the calibration coil with the on]y restric- tion that the difference between the frequency of two consecutjve packages be greater than 5%; for these rea- sons the procedure is expected to be usefu] for the seismological community. The paper inc]udes a generaI de- scription of thc designing criteria, and of the hardware and software architecture, as well as an account of thc system's performancc during a two year period of operation.

scholarly journals AIR-LAYERING OF EASTERN WHITE PINE (Pinus strobus L.)

1959 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Farrar ◽  
W. D. McJannet
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine
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