Zn(II) and Cu(II) removal byNostoc muscorum: a cyanobacterium isolated from a coal mining pit in Chiehruphi, Meghalaya, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Goswami ◽  
Omega L. Diengdoh ◽  
Mayashree B. Syiem ◽  
Kannan Pakshirajan ◽  
Mothe Gopi Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Inoculum Age ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Energy Dependent

Nostoc muscorum was isolated from a coal mining pit in Chiehruphi, Meghalaya, India, and its potential to remove Zn(II) and Cu(II) from media and the various biochemical alterations it undergoes during metal stress were studied. Metal uptake measured as a function of the ions removed by N. muscorum from media supplemented independently with 20 μmol/L ZnSO4and CuSO4established the ability of this cyanobacterium to remove 66% of Zn2+and 71% of Cu2+within 24 h of contact time. Metal binding on the cell surface was found to be the primary mode of uptake, followed by internalization. Within 7 days of contact, Zn2+and Cu2+mediated dissimilar effects on the organism. For instance, although chlorophyll a synthesis was increased by 12% in Zn2+-treated cells, it was reduced by 26% in Cu2+-treated cells. Total protein content remained unaltered in Zn2+-supplemented medium; however, a 15% reduction was noticed upon Cu2+exposure. Copper enhanced both photosynthesis and respiration by 15% and 19%, respectively; in contrast, photosynthesis was unchanged and respiration dropped by 11% upon Zn2+treatment. Inoculum age also influenced metal removal ability. Experiments in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (a photosynthetic inhibitor), carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (an uncoupler), and exogenous ATP established that metal uptake was energy dependent, and photosynthesis contributed significantly towards the energy pool required to mediate metal removals.

Stimulation of Biological Uptake of Heavy Metals

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ghosh ◽  
S. Bupp
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Chemostat Cultures ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
High Metal

This research was conducted to investigate the relative capabilities of unacclimated, acclimated, and cysteine-cystine-stimulated aerobic cultures to remove heavy metals. Loss of organism viability was observed at metal concentrations above 30 mg/L, however, loss of cell viability did not affect metal uptake. Metal-complexing capacities from 0.041 to 2.13 mg/mg protein were observed. Metal removal from binary and ternary mixtures exceeded those of single metals. Surprisingly, culture acclimation resulted in reduced metal uptake. However, a cysteine-cystine-stimulated culture had substantially increased metal-removal capabilities possibly due to the synthesis of metallothionein-like proteins. Biopolymers of the unacclimated organisms had an affinity for metal binding of the order: Cu > Pb > Cd. This research points to the feasibility of in-vitro detoxification of high metal-content hazardous wastes by cell materials derived from cysteine-cystine-stimulated chemostat cultures. Coupling in-vitro metal complexation with metal leaching from biosolids could provide an opportunity for recycling hazardous heavy metals.

scholarly journals Generation of superoxide anion by the NADH dehydrogenase of bovine heart mitochondria

1980 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Turrens ◽  
A Boveris
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Submitochondrial Particles ◽  
Bovine Heart ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Autocatalytic Process ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
O2 Production

Submitochondrial particles from bovine heart in which NADH dehydrogenase is reduced by either addition of NADH and rotenone or by reversed electron transfer generate 0.9 +/- 0.1 nmol of O2-/min per mg of protein at pH 7.4 and at 30 degrees C. When NADH is used as substrate, rotenone, antimycin and cyanide increase O2- production. In NADH- and antimycin-supplemented submitochondrial particles, rotenone has a biphasic effect: it increases O2- production at the NADH dehydrogenase and it inhibits O2- production at the ubiquinone-cytochrome b site. The generation of O2- by the rotenone, the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide rho-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and oligomycin at concentrations similar to those required to inhibit energy-dependent succinate-NAD reductase. Cyanide did not affect O2- generation at the NADH dehydrogenase, but inhibited O2- production at the ubiquinone-cytochrome b site. Production of O2- at the NADH dehydrogenase is about 50% of the O2- generation but the ubiquinone-cytochrome b area at pH 7.4. Additivity of the two mitochondrial sites of O2- generation was observed over the pH range from 7.0 to 8.8. AN O2–dependent autocatalytic process that requires NADH, submitochondrial particles and adrenaline is described.

Studies on the Mechanism of NAD-photoreduction by Chromatophores of the Facultative Phototroph, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-H. Klemme
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Capsulata ◽  
Antimycin A ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Cyclic Photophosphorylation ◽  
Energy Dependent

The light-driven and the ATP-driven reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) catalyzed by the chromatophore fraction of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata was investigated. Efficient electron donors for the photoreduction of NAD are molecular hydrogen and succinate. In the ATP-dependent reaction system, succinate is a more efficient electron donor than H2. The energydependent NAD-reduction is driven by ATP, but not by pyrophosphate or ADP. Oligomycin stimulates the NAD-photoreductions and completely inhibits the ATP-driven NAD-reductions. Rotenone and piericidin A are inhibitors for both the light-driven and the ATP-driven NAD-reductions. Antimycin A is an inhibitor only for the light-driven reductions. The H2-linked NAD-photoreduction is less sensitive to these inhibitors and to the uncoupler desaspidin than the succinate-linked reduction. Atebrine, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, 2,4-dinitrophenol and phenazonium methosulfate are inhibitors for the light-driven and the ATP-driven reductions. Some of the compounds used as inhibitors of the NAD-reduction were also investigated with concerns to their inhibitory effects on cyclic photophosphorylation and O2-linked oxidations of reduced NAD, succinate and H2. Based on the results of these inhibitor studies, the relationships between cyclic photophosphorylation, light-induced noncyclic electron transport and energy-dependent NAD-reduction are discussed.

scholarly journals mmpL7 Gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Responsible for Isoniazid Efflux in Mycobacterium smegmatis

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 4775-4777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Pasca ◽  
Paola Guglierame ◽  
Edda De Rossi ◽  
Francesca Zara ◽  
Giovanna Riccardi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Resistance Nodulation Division ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Energy Dependent

ABSTRACT The Mycobacterium tuberculosis mmpL7 gene, encoding a hypothetical resistance nodulation division transporter, confers a high resistance level to isoniazid when overexpressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis. The resistance level decreased in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitors reserpine and CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone). Energy-dependent efflux of isoniazid from M. smegmatis cells expressing the mmpL7 gene was observed.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of silver and the isolation of metal-binding protein from P.diminuta

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaharah Ibrahim ◽  
Wan Azlina Ahmad ◽  
Abu Bakar Baba
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Early Exponential Phase ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Pseudomonas Diminuta

A silver uptake study by Pseudomonas diminuta was carried out by growing the bacteria in a chloride-free medium (CFM) containing silver ions (50 muM) in a batch culture. From the results, it was found that higher amounts of silver were accumulated inside the cell during early exponential phase compared to the amount bound at the cell surface. This suggested a possible mechanism for metal uptake during bacterial growth. In view of this, attempts were made to isolate proteins which might be associated with silver-binding properties from cultures of P.diminuta grown in the presence and absence of silver. The proteins were first extracted from the bacterial cultures by precipitation with ammonium sulfate followed by purification using isoelectric focussing and SDS-PAGE. Results of the experiment showed the presence of low molecular weight and high molecular weight proteins containing silver with pI values ranging from 2.0 to 9.0 for bacteria grown in the presence of silver.

scholarly journals Modification of Outer Membrane Protein Profile and Evidence Suggesting an Active Drug Pump in Enterobacter aerogenes Clinical Strains

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Gayet ◽  
Renaud Chollet ◽  
Gérard Molle ◽  
Jean-Marie Pagès ◽  
Jacqueline Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
Drug Pump

ABSTRACT Two clinical strains of Enterobacter aerogenes that exhibited phenotypes of multiresistance to β-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and kanamycin were investigated. Both strains showed a porin pattern different from that of a susceptible strain, with a drastic reduction in the amount of the major porin but with an apparently conserved normal structure (size and immunogenicity), together with overproduction of two known outer membrane proteins, OmpX and LamB. In addition, the full-length O-polysaccharide phenotype was replaced by a semirough Ra phenotype. Moreover, in one isolate the intracellular accumulation of chloramphenicol was increased in the presence of the energy uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, suggesting an energy-dependent efflux of chloramphenicol in this strain. The resistance strategies used by these isolates appear to be similar to that induced by stress in Escherichia coli cells.

scholarly journals Bioremoval of Different Heavy Metals in Industrial Effluent by the Resistant Fungal Strain Aspergillus niger

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Naveen Kumar ◽  
J. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals

Developing countries are increasingly concerned with pollution due to toxic heavy metals in the environment. Unlike most organic pollutants which can be destroyed, toxic metal ions released into the environment often persist indefinitely circulating and eventually accumulating throughout the food chain thus posing a serious threat to mankind. The use of biological materials for heavy metal removal or recovery has gained importance in recent years due to their good performance and low cost. Among the various sources, both live and inactivated biomass of organisms exhibits interesting metal binding capacities. Their complex cell walls contain high content of functional groups like amino, amide, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phosphate which have been implicated in metals binding. In the present study, Aspergillus niger was used to analyze the metal uptake from an aqueous solution. The determination of Cu+2, Pb+2, Cd+2, Zn+2, Co-2 and Ni+2 in samples was carried out by differential Pulse Anodic Voltammetry (DPASV) and the Voltammograms. Production of oxalic acid was carried out by submerged fermentation. The organism used in the present study has the ideal properties to sequester toxic metals and grow faster.

scholarly journals Periphytic Algae and Cyanobacteria from the Rio Doce Basin Respond Differently to Metals and Salinity, Showing Different Potential for Bioremediation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes ◽  
Letícia Yoshie Kochi ◽  
Patrícia Lawane Freitas ◽  
Cleber Cunha Figueredo ◽  
Philippe Juneau
Keyword(s):  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Doce River

We have studied the isolated and combined effects of metals (Fe and Mn) and NaCl the on growth, physiology, and metal-uptake capacity of two photosynthetic periphytic species—Synechococcus elongatus (Cyanobacteria) and Chlorococcum infusionum (Chlorophyta)—isolated from an impacted area of the Rio Doce River (Brazil) after the Fundão dam collapse. The effective concentrations found to reduce 10 and 50% growth were 15.2 and 31.6 mg Fe l−1, and 2.5 and 7.9 mg Mn l−1 for S. elongatus and 53.9 and 61.6 mg Fe l−1, and 53.2 and 60.9 mg Mn l−1 for C. infusionum. Although the metal toxicity was related to oxidative stress, both species showed activation of antioxidant systems under phytotoxic concentrations of Fe and Mn. By binding large concentrations of metals on its cell surface and thus avoiding their entrance into the cells, C. infusionum presents greater resistance to Fe and Mn than S. elongatus. Under environmental realistic concentrations of Fe and Mn in river water from the Rio Doce Basin, S. elongatus and C. infusionum showed a metal removal efficiency of 42 and 65% and 53 and 79%, respectively after 96 h. These species were insensitive to increased NaCl concentrations which, in addition, did not disrupt the metal removal capacity of the species. Due to their salt and metal tolerance, S. elongatus and C. infusionum can be used for the remediation of waters contaminated with Fe and Mn.

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