K to L shell vacancy transfer probabilities and Auger electron emission ratios for elements in the atomic range 30 ≤ Z ≤ 58

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdi Akman
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Auger Electrons ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radioisotope Source ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shell Vacancy ◽  
Emission Ratios

The K to L shell vacancy transfer probabilities for some elements in the atomic range 30 ≤ Z ≤ 58 were determined using the semi-empirical values of K shell fluorescence yield and the experimental values of Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratio. Furthermore, the KLX/KLL and KXY/KLL Auger electrons emission ratios for the same elements were obtained using the experimental values of Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratio. The experiments were performed using a 241Am annular radioisotope source and a high-resolution Si(Li) semiconductor detector. The experimental values of K to L shell vacancy transfer probabilities, and KLX/KLL and KXY/KLL Auger electrons emission ratios were compared with the fitted, theoretical, semi-empirical, and other available experimental values. To the best knowledge of the author, the KLX/KLL and KXY/KLL Auger electrons emission ratios of ruthenium, palladium, and tellurium have been obtained for the first time in the present work.

Determination of K–L vacancy transfer probabilities of some 3d elements using synchrotron radiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Mirji ◽  
A.S. Bennal ◽  
Krishnananda ◽  
N.M. Badiger ◽  
M.K. Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Silicon Drift Detector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Elements ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Cu And Zn

The K–L total vacancy transfer probabilities (ηKL) of some 3d elements have been determined using Indus-2 synchrotron radiation. The targets, such as Cr, Cu, and Zn, are excited by using 6.5, 10, and 11 keV synchrotron radiation, respectively. The K X-ray photons are detected with a silicon drift detector, which has an energy resolution of 130 eV at 5.9 keV. By measuring the K-shell fluorescence yield and K X-ray intensity ratio, the K–L vacancy transfer probabilities have been determined. Measured values have been compared with the theoretical values and other experimental values.

High Resolution Spectroscopy of Dite Tokamak in the 10Å Region

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
J. Dunn ◽  
R. Barnsley ◽  
K.D. Evans ◽  
N.J. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Values

AbstractAn account is given of the X-Ray emission from the DITE tokamak in the spectral region 4Å–10Å measured by a Johann curved crystal photographic spectrometer. This high resolution instrument has been used for detailed line identifications eg. of L-shell transitions in the Fe spectrum at wavelengths ∼8Å and of the He-like ion spectra of Al, Si and Ar. The fine structure has been resolved for H-like Mg, Al and Si. Departures from the statistical value of 0.5 forβ, the intensity ratio of the Lyman-αdoublet, have been observed. Experimental values for the fine structure separation are presented for these medium Z metals.

Ar K X-ray production in slow, highly charged Ar q+(q = 8–18) + Ar collisions

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 1579-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Tawara ◽  
P Richard
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Enhanced Fluorescence ◽  
Energy Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rotational Coupling ◽  
Shell Vacancy

In the present work, mechanisms of Ar K X-ray production have been investigated under low-energy Arq+ + Ar collisions in a wide range of the ion-charge states. Ar K X-rays have been observed as a function of the collision energy over (0.75–3.75)q keV/u and of the charge state over q = 8–16 of projectile Arq+ ions. If the L-shell vacancies become available (q = 9), Ar K X-ray yields are found to be enhanced roughly three orders of magnitude, compared with Ar8+ ions with no L-shell vacancy; to show some threshold; and to tend to quickly saturate at higher collision energies. The present analysis, based on the energy correlation diagrams of the quasi-molecules, suggests that Ar K X-rays originate entirely from target Ar atoms through promotion via the rotational coupling between 2pσ –2pπ molecular orbitals. Furthermore, the observed cross sections are found to increase nonlinearly with the projectile Arq+ ion charge q (q = 9). This can be understood because of the combined effects of two contributions: (i) the increased number of the L-shell vacancies of projectile Arq+ ions and (ii) the enhanced fluorescence yields of target Ar atom. In addition, Ar K X-rays have been observed under 2.5q keV/u Ar17+ and Ar18+ + Ar collisions and found to originate from the decay of K-shell vacancies initially present in the projectile Ar ions through electron capture into their highly excited states, followed by cascade down to the ground states. For the first time, though very weak, the X-rays due to the two-electron–one-photon transition, namely, K αα lines, have also been observed in bare Ar18+ ion collisions. PACS Nos.: 34.70+e, 32.80Rm

scholarly journals Fundamental Parameters Related to Selenium Kα and Kβ Emission X-ray Spectra

Atoms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mauro Guerra ◽  
Jorge M. Sampaio ◽  
Gonçalo R. Vília ◽  
César A. Godinho ◽  
Daniel Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Ionization Cross Section ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Initial States ◽  
Experimental Values

We present relativistic ab initio calculations of fundamental parameters for atomic selenium, based on the Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method. In detail, fluorescence yields and subshell linewidths, both of K shell, as well as Kβ to Kα intensity ratio are provided, showing overall agreement with previous theoretical calculations and experimental values. Relative intensities were evaluated assuming the same ionization cross-section for the K-shell hole states, leading to a statistical distribution of these initial states. A method for estimating theoretical linewidths of X-ray lines, where the lines are composed by a multiplet of fine-structure levels that are spread in energy, is proposed. This method provides results that are closer to Kα1,2 experimental width values than the usual method, although slightly higher discrepancies occur for the Kβ1,3 lines. This indicates some inaccuracies in the calculation of Auger rates that have a higher contribution for partial linewidths of the subshells involved in the Kβ1,3 profile. Apart from this, the calculated value of Kβ to Kα intensity ratio, which is less sensitive to Auger rates issues, is in excellent agreement with recommended values.

scholarly journals Lα X-ray satellites for 31 ≤ Z ≤ 38: Systematization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5275-5278
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Number Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Consistent Method ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
First Time

An examination of the problem of the energy values, their interpretation and the origin of the Lα x - ray satellites in the atomic number range Z = 31-38 reveals non existence and lack of sufficient data for the purpose. The energies of these satellites where not available are obtained using suitable semi-empirical method for the elements under investigation and the available systematization procedures namely Mosley plot and the self consistent doubly modified Mosley plot are considered. It is concluded that the self consistent method is not applicable in the present scenario. The energy values for the satellites Lα5 , Lα6 and Lα7 are calculated using Mosley plot for the atomic number range Z= 31 to 35 and are reported for the first time.

K shell X-ray intensity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities of Fe, Ag, and Te following electron capture decay

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1301-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linu George ◽  
S.B. Gudennavar ◽  
Daisy Joseph ◽  
S.G. Bubbly
Keyword(s):  
Electron Capture ◽  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Exchange Interactions ◽  
Neutrino Emission ◽  
Recoil Effect ◽  
Electron Capture Decay ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
Experimental Values

The K shell X-ray photons of Fe, Ag, and Te following the electron capture decay of Co57, Cd109, and I125, respectively, were detected using Si(Li) detector coupled to PC-based 8k multichannel analyzer employing a simple method suggested earlier by our group. The calculated K shell X-ray intensity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities for these elements are compared with the theoretical values predicted by Scofield and with others’ experimental values obtained via photoionization. It is found that the Κβ to Κα X-ray intensity ratio of Fe is lower by 4.0%, while that of Ag and Te are greater by 7.9% and 19.1%, respectively, from the theoretical values. These deviations may be attributed to the exchange interactions occurring between the 3p–3d shell electrons as well as the recoil effect of the nucleus due to neutrino emission.

Measurements of radiative vacancy transfer probabilities from L3 subshell to M and N subshells of Sm and Eu in halogen compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
B.G. Durdu
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Halogen Compounds ◽  
Radioisotope Source ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
Experimental Values

The radiative vacancy transfer probabilities from the L3 subshell to the M and N subshells for Sm and Eu and their compounds have been measured using L shell fluorescence yields and X-ray intensity ratios. The samples were excited by 59.5 keV γ-rays, which were emitted from an Am-241 radioisotope source. The L X-rays emitted from samples were counted by a Si(Li) detector with a resolution of 155 eV at 5.9 keV. The experimental values were compared with the calculated theoretical values for pure Sm and Eu.

Study of the solid-state effect on L3 subshell fluorescence yield for high Z targets using Indus-2 synchrotron radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-473
Author(s):  
Gangadharayya B. Hiremath ◽  
A.S. Bennal ◽  
Santosh Mirji ◽  
M.M. Hosamani ◽  
N.M. Badiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Silicon Drift Detector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Values

L3 subshell fluorescence yields (ω3) have been determined experimentally for the compounds of Hg, Pb, and Bi and Pb element using Indus-2 synchrotron radiation available at RRCAT, India. Compounds with the same chemical bonding and oxidation state but different crystal structure have been selected in the present investigation to understand the effect of solid-state environment on ω3. The characteristic L X-ray spectra of the element and compounds were generated by synchrotron radiation and then recorded with a Vortex-90EX silicon drift detector. By measuring intensities of the characteristic Lα X-ray photons, the ω3 have been determined and compared with theoretical values and other available experimental values. Comparison between the experimental and the theoretical values indicates that the solid-state environment plays a significant role on the ω3 for the selected compounds.

HIGH FREQUENCY RAMAN MODES IN NANOCRYSTALLINE LEAD (II) FLUORIDE

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 585-591
Author(s):  
P. THANGADURAI ◽  
S. RAMASAMY ◽  
R. KESAVAMOORTHY
Keyword(s):  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Condensation ◽  
Cubic Phases ◽  
Raman Modes ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
First Time

Nanocrystalline PbF 2 was prepared by inert gas condensation technique. Structural studies using X-ray diffraction showed that as-prepared and annealed samples contained both orthorhombic and cubic phases of PbF 2. The annealed samples contain dominantly the cubic phase. For the first time Raman scattering and PL experiments were carried out on these nano- PbF 2. In addition to regular lattice vibrational modes such as T2g for cubic phase and Ag and B1g for orthorhombic phases, a few new Raman modes have been observed at high frequencies. PL studies confirmed that the new Raman modes are due to the presence of electronic centers. The regular modes agree well with the theoretically calculated values and previously reported experimental values.

Diphosphinoazine Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) Complexes

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pošta ◽  
Jan Čermák ◽  
Pavel Vojtíšek ◽  
Ivana Císařová
Keyword(s):  
Rhodium Complexes ◽  
Iridium Complexes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time

The first rhodium complexes of diphosphinoazines [{RhCl(1,2-η:5,6-η-CH=CHCH2CH2CH=CHCH2CH2)}2 {μ-R2PCH2C(But)=NN=C(But)CH2PR2] (R = Ph, Cy, Pri) were prepared by cleavage of the bridge in chloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)rhodium(I) dimer, the analogous iridium(I) complexes were also prepared for the first time. The X-ray structures of isostructural rhodium and iridium complexes with bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)pinacoloneazine were determined. Diphosphinoazine ligands in the complexes remained in (Z,Z) configuration bridging two RhCl(C8H12) units.

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