RUST REACTIONS OF CHINESE WHEAT VARIETIES AND CERTAIN CANADIAN HYBRID STRAINS

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Physiologic Races

About 160 Chinese spring wheats and a number of Chinese winter wheats were tested in the seedling stage in the greenhouse to determine their reaction to eight physiologic races of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Tritici) and to four physiologic races of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina). The spring wheats were also subjected, in the field, to epidemics of stem rust and leaf rust in which a large number of physiologic races of each rust were employed. The wheats were classified as one or another of the following species: Triticum vulgare, T. compactum, T. durum, and T. turgidum.By means of these tests, it has been demonstrated that the Chinese wheats are rather highly susceptible to the physiologic races of stem rust prevalent in North America. Many of the wheats showed, however, considerable resistance to leaf rust in both the greenhouse and the field tests. Varieties resistant to leaf rust were present in all of the four above-mentioned species.Seventy-five lines of Canadian spring wheat derived from a cross between Renown Selection, which is resistant to stem rust and moderately resistant to leaf rust, and Garnet, which in North America is resistant to stripe rust (Puccinia glumarum), were tested in the seedling stage in the greenhouse for their reaction to stripe rust. Two physiologic races (race 6 and race 13) were used in these tests. The same lines were subjected to rust epidemics in the field to determine their resistance to stem rust and leaf rust. Several of these lines were found to possess resistance to all three rusts. These lines may prove valuable breeding material in case it is desired to develop by breeding methods Chinese varieties resistant to all three of these rusts.

ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE IN WHEAT TO PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF PUCCINIA TRITICINA ERIKSS.

1943 ◽  
Vol 21c (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Derivatives Of

Nine wheat varieties were studied in two stages of growth, the seedling stage and the heading stage, for their reaction to a number of physiologic races of leaf rust of wheat, Puccinia triticina Erikss. Several varieties susceptible to certain physiologic races in the seedling stage were found to acquire, as they grew to maturity, a resistance to these races. In the adult plant, the resistance was greatest in the uppermost leaves but diminished progressively on lower leaves. The varieties tested fell into three groups on the basis of their rust reaction. (1) Renown and Regent, which developed adult plant resistance to all of the 19 races to which they were tested. In these two varieties, and possibly in other derivatives of H-44 and Hope, adult plant resistance to physiologic races of leaf rust may be a generalized phenomenon comparable to the resistance such varieties show towards stem rust. (2) Thatcher, Apex, Marquis, Reward, and Kenya R.L. 1373, which showed adult plant resistance only to certain physiologic races, a condition not hitherto encountered in other cereal rusts. (3) McMurachy and Warden × Hybrid, each of which reacted somewhat similarly in the seedling and heading stages, the former being susceptible and the latter resistant in both stages.

SEEDLING REACTIONS OF WHEAT VARIETIES TO STEM RUST AND LEAF RUST AND OF OAT VARIETIES TO STEM RUST AND CROWN RUST

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (10) ◽  
pp. 489-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
T. Johnson ◽  
B. Peturson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
East Africa ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Physiologic Races

A study of the rust reactions of wheat varieties to 20 physiologic races of stem rust has shown that several varieties of the vulgare type, namely, McMurachy, Eureka, and several strains from Kenya, East Africa, are immune in the seedling stage at ordinary greenhouse temperatures (55° F. to 80° F. daily). This immunity largely disappears when the plants are kept at a constant high temperature (75° F. to 80° F.). Certain other varieties and hybrid strains were found rather highly resistant to eight physiologic races of leaf rust, but none of the vulgare varieties tested showed immunity or high resistance to both stem rust and leaf rust.Tests to determine the resistance of oat varieties to the physiologic races of oat stem rust and crown rust prevalent in Canada showed that four oat varieties derived from the cross Hajira × Joanette were resistant to all the physiologic races of oat stem rust used in the test, and that certain strains derived from the cross Victoria × (Hajira × Banner Sel. 524) were resistant to all but one of these races. The last mentioned strains and the varieties Victoria and Trispernia proved resistant to the nine races of crown rust to which they were tested.

scholarly journals Resistance to Leaf Rust, Stripe Rust, and Stem Rust in Aegilops spp. in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anikster ◽  
J. Manisterski ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
K. J. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Wheat Leaf

In all, 1,323 single plant accessions of Aegilops bicornis, A. kotschyi, A. longissima, A. ovata, A. searsii, A. sharonensis, A. speltoides, and A. variabilis collected from 18 regions in Israel and 2 adjacent regions in Lebanon and Egypt were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (P. striiformis) resistance in field plots and for seedling resistance to leaf rust and stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici) in greenhouse tests. Nearly all accessions of A. speltoides were highly resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust. A. longissima and A. ovata were highly resistant to stripe rust, whereas A. bicornis and A. kotschyi were highly susceptible. A. searsii was highly susceptible to stem rust, but 24 to 51% of accessions of A. bicornis, A. longissima, A. ovata, and A. variabilis were resistant to stem rust. Except for A. ovata and A. speltoides, more than 95% of the Aegilops accessions were susceptible to leaf rust caused by P. recondita alternating on Anchusa spp. Only Aegilops ovata was susceptible to P. recondita from Echium spp. A. bicornis, A. koschyi, and A. searsii were highly susceptible as seedlings to common wheat leaf rust caused by P. triticina. Most accessions of A. variabilis and about half of the accessions of A. longissima had good seedling resistance to P. triticina. Few accessions of A. ovata showed seedling resistance to the P. triticina population in Israel, but 30% were resistant to U.S. isolates. In field tests, A. bicornis showed high susceptibility to common wheat leaf rust, but more than 90% of the accessions of the other Aegilops spp. developed little or no leaf rust on adult plants. The Aegilops spp. in Israel and adjoining countries provide a rich and varied source of rust resistance for wheat breeding.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF WHEAT GERMPLASM RESISTANT TO LEAF, STRIPE AND STEM RUST USING MOLECULAR MARKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 384 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
A. M. Kokhmetova ◽  
M. N. Atishova ◽  
K. Galymbek
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Polymorphic Band ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Wheat Germplasm

Wheat leaf rust, stripe and stem rust are major wheat diseases in Kazakhstan that reduce yield and quality and cause considerable economic damage. This study utilized winter wheat germplasm from different national and international nurseries to evaluate their value for genetic and breeding programs directed towards improvement of wheat rust resistance in Kazakhstan. Based on the data from field experiments, the most valuable sources, combined resistance to both leaf and stripe rust were 16 lines and cultivars (28.6%), including mainly entries from CIMMYT and IWWIP. Nineteen entries (30.6%) had high level of resistance to leaf rust in the field tests. Thirty-three entries (53%) were effective to control stripe rust. In our study 22% wheat accessions studied had polymorphic band linked to leaf rust resistance gene Lr10. Based on rust reactions and data of molecular analysis, 3% entries were found to have Lr19/Sr25, 11% entries – Lr26/Sr31/Yr9/Pm8, 43% entries – Lr34/Yr18, 12% entries – Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, 17% – Lr68 gene and 6% entries – Yr10 gene. Only one line from IWWIP nursery showed presence of Yr15 gene. Out of 38 studied entries, the fragment of DNA associated with Sr22 gene in 13 wheat entries observed. Gene Sr22 was identified in five Kazakhstani and in 8 Belarusian wheat entries. The results obtained used for developing wheat cultivars resistant to rust.

Resistance of Tangmai 4 wheat to powdery mildew, stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust and its chromosome composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Li ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
B. D. McCallum ◽  
X. M. Chen ◽  
H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L

The hard red winter wheat Tangmai 4 did not develop symptoms of infection following inoculation with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici E. Marchal) isolates from regions of western Canada and northern China. Tangmai 4 exhibited resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) and leaf rust (P. triticina Eriks.) races from western Canada. This wheat line was resistant to individual stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) races from the U.S. and Canada. Sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and electrophoretic analyses of high molecular weight glutenins and gliadins demonstrated that Tangmai 4 carried a pair of T1BL·1RS wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) translocated chromosomes. Since the genes located on T1BL·1RS are no longer effective in controlling powdery mildew and the rust diseases, Tangmai 4 must carry additional genes for resistance to these diseases, which makes it a valuable resource for the improvement of resistance in wheat against these diseases. Key words: T1BL·1RS translocation, disease resistance, sequential C-banding and GISH, glutenin, gliadin

Physiologic Specialization and Genetic Differentiation of Puccinia triticina Causing Leaf Rust of Wheat in the Indian Subcontinent during 2016-2019

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chander Bhardwaj ◽  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
Om Prakash Gangwar ◽  
Pramod Prasad ◽  
Prem Lal Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
High Degree

Wheat is the second most cultivated cereal in the world and is equally important in India. Leaf (brown) rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, was most prevalent among the three rusts in all the wheat-growing areas of India, Bhutan, and Nepal during 2016 to 2019. Leaf rust samples from wheat crops in these countries were pathotyped using the wheat differential genotypes and binomial Indian system of nomenclature. To facilitate international communication, each pathotype identified was also tested on the North American differentials. A total of 33 pathotypes were identified from 1,086 samples, including 3 new pathotypes, 61R47 (162-5 = KHTDM) and 93R49 (49 = NHKTN) from India and 93R57 (20-1 = NHKTL) from Nepal. Two pathotypes, 121R60-1 (77-9/52 = MHTKL) and 121R63-1 (77-5 = THTTM), accounted for 79.46% of the population. Virulence on Lr19 was identified in 0.27% of the samples and from Nepal only. The proportion of pathotype 121R60-1 (77-9 = MHTKL) increased during these years to 57.55%. Virulence was not observed to Lr9, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr32, Lr39, Lr45, and Lr47 in the population of the Indian subcontinent. Eighteen polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs tested on the isolates amplified 48 alleles with an average of 2.66 alleles per primer pair. Based on SSR genotyping, these pathotypes could be grouped into two clades with further two subclades each. Many of the Lr genes present in Indian wheat germplasm (Lr1, Lr3a, Lr10, Lr11, Lr14a, Lr15, Lr16, Lr17, Lr20, Lr23, and Lr26) were ineffective to a majority of the pathotypes. Most of these varieties possessed a high degree of leaf rust resistance. The field resistance of wheat varieties could be attributed to the interaction of genes, unknown resistance, or adult plant resistance.

Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. R. Wellings ◽  
R. A. McIntosh ◽  
R. F. Park
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Rust Diseases

Seedling resistances to stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust were evaluated in the 37th International Triticale Screening Nursery, distributed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in 2005. In stem rust tests, 12 and 69 of a total of 81 entries were postulated to carry Sr27 and SrSatu, respectively. When compared with previous studies of CIMMYT triticale nurseries distributed from 1980 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993, the results suggest a lack of expansion in the diversity of stem rust resistance. A total of 62 of 64 entries were resistant to five leaf rust pathotypes. In stripe rust tests, ~93% of the lines were postulated to carry Yr9 alone or in combination with other genes. The absence of Lr26 in these entries indicated that Yr9 and Lr26 are not genetically associated in triticale. A high proportion of nursery entries (63%) were postulated to carry an uncharacterised gene, YrJackie. The 13 lines resistant to stripe rust and the 62 entries resistant to leaf rust represent potentially useful sources of seedling resistance in developing new triticale cultivars. Field rust tests are needed to verify if seedling susceptible entries also carry adult plant resistance.

Disease resistance in the genusAegilops L. — stem rust, leaf rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Valkoun ◽  
Karl Hammer ◽  
Dagmar Kučerová ◽  
Pavel Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust

STUDIES ON VARIATION IN PATHOGENICITY IN LEAF RUST OF WHEAT, PUCCINIA TRITICINA ERIKSS.

1949 ◽  
Vol 27c (5) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Brown ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Physiologic Races

In experiments designed to clarify the causes of the pathogenic changes that have recently been encountered in leaf rust of wheat, two factors were given consideration, (1) the possibility that nuclear exchanges might occur between the mycelia of different races in the uredial stage, and (2) the possible role of Thalictrum species in originating new rust strains. Infection studies with mixtures of races 9 and 15 and mixtures of races 5 and 9 did not produce any evidence that these races could interchange nuclei and thus initiate new pathogenic strains of leaf rust.In greenhouse infection tests with native Thalictrum spp., aecia were produced on T. dasycarpum, pycnia only on T. dioicum and T. polygamum, while no infection of T. venulosum took place. In similar tests with the introduced species T. glaucum and T. dipterocarpum, abundant production of aecia occurred on both species. In out-of-doors inoculation tests with T. dasycarpum and T. venulosum, no infection of these two species took place, whereas, under the same conditions, heavy aecial production occurred on the introduced species T. glaucum.Selfing studies in which Thalictrum glaucum was infected with known physiologic races have indicated that some races of leaf rust are homozygous, and others heterozygous for pathogenic characters. A culture of race 5 appeared to be homozygous, whereas a culture of race 3 was heterozygous, giving rise to races 3, 15, 32, 68, and three undescribed races. A culture of race 76 was heterozygous for both pathogenicity and urediospore color. Aeciospores of this race produced uredia of two different shades of yellow in addition to uredia of normal color. Aeciospores derived from teliospores collected in the field also gave rise to uredial strains of yellow spore color. Most of the yellow rust strains were decidedly low in pathogenic vigor.

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