scholarly journals The effects of repeat acute thermal stress on the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and physiology of juvenile shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-572
Author(s):  
Brittany Bard ◽  
James D. Kieffer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Shortnose Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Brevirostrum ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Plasma Chloride

The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur, 1818) is a species of special concern in Canada, but little is known about their thermal biology. Information on the upper thermal tolerance of shortnose sturgeon becomes valuable for predicting future survival particularly with climate change and improving species management. Using a modified critical thermal maximum (CTmax) methodology, the objective is to determine whether previous thermal stress affects the thermal tolerance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon when exposed to a second thermal stress event. Prior exposure to thermal stress (CTmax1) did not affect the thermal tolerance (CTmax2) of juvenile shortnose sturgeon when a 24 h recovery period was allotted between tests. However, a significant increase in thermal tolerance occurred when the recovery time between the two thermal challenges was 1 h. Plasma glucose, lactate, and osmolality were all significantly affected by thermal stress, but values returned to control levels within 24 h. Hematocrit and plasma chloride concentrations were not significantly affected by thermal stress. All fish survived the CTmax testing. The data indicate that the thermal tolerance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon is modified when multiple thermal stresses occur closer together (1 h) but not if separated by a longer time period (24 h).

Critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and hematology of shortnose sturgeons (Acipenser brevirostrum) acclimated to three temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyang Zhang ◽  
James D. Kieffer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Shortnose Sturgeon ◽  
Thermal Biology ◽  
Acipenser Brevirostrum ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Biological Impacts

Quantifying a species thermal tolerance is critical to assessing biological impacts of anticipated increases in temperature (e.g., climate change). Although many studies have documented the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of fish, there is a paucity of research on thermal biology of sturgeon. The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur, 1818) is a threatened species that exists along the eastern coast of North America. They can be exposed to temperatures ranging from freezing to above 25 °C. Using a heating rate of 6 °C/h, CTmax and the associated hematological responses of shortnose sturgeon acclimated to 10, 15, and 20 °C were determined. There was a significant positive relationship between CTmax and body mass, and CTmax increased significantly with increases in acclimation temperature (Ta). In general, hematology of thermally stressed fish was modified relative to control (nonstressed) fish. Hematocrit, plasma lactate, and plasma Na+ and Cl– of fish were all significantly influenced by thermal stress and Ta. Glucose and K+ were only significantly influenced by thermal stress. Future studies should address the importance of other stressors, such as salinity and toxicants, on thermal relationships of sturgeon.

Effects of acclimation to elevated water temperature and hypoxia on thermal tolerance of the threatened Pugnose Shiner Notropis anogenus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura H. McDonnell ◽  
Nicholas E. Mandrak ◽  
Saravpreet Kaur ◽  
Lauren J Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Cyprinid Fish ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Hypoxia Acclimation

For freshwater fishes, elevated water temperatures associated with climate warming and hypoxia can co-occur and are likely to interact as both affect oxidative metabolism. We quantified the effects of acclimation to elevated temperature and hypoxia on the thermal tolerance of Pugnose Shiner (Notropis anogenus), a cyprinid fish threatened in its Canadian range. In one experiment, Pugnose Shiner underwent 2-week sequential acclimations to six increasing temperatures. Fish acclimated to warmer waters increased their critical thermal maximum (CTmax), while the agitation temperature (Tag) was 3.4°C lower than CTmax. In another experiment, fish were acclimated to three dissolved oxygen treatments (>95%, ~56% or ~40% air saturation) for 2 weeks, and tested under >95% and 40% conditions. CTmax was lower when measured under 40% for normoxia-acclimated fish, but not for hypoxia-acclimated fish. Hypoxia-acclimated fish had higher Tag and smaller agitation windows than normoxia-acclimated fish, suggesting that hypoxia acclimation improves aspects of thermal tolerance. We examine the plasticity of thermal tolerance of Pugnose Shiner, showing that they may be more vulnerable to high temperatures compared to other non-imperilled Notropis species.

The critical thermal maximum: history and critique

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1561-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Lutterschmidt ◽  
Victor H. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Comparative Physiology ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Righting Response ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Method

We reviewed 725 papers published since Cowles and Bogert's paper on thermal tolerance (R.B. Cowles and C.M. Bogert. 1944. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 83: 261–296) to create a data base of studies that used critical thermal maximum or lethal-temperature methods. We found data from 388 of these papers to provide a historical and taxonomic review of various methodologies used in measuring tolerance of high temperature. We conducted this literature review of previous studies to (i) describe the history of the study of thermal tolerance and show the chronological trends in the use of lethal temperature and critical thermal maximum methods, (ii) illustrate the diversity of taxa used in thermal-tolerance studies, (iii) summarize the diversity of protocols (i.e., end points, heating rates, acclimations, etc.) used for determining thermal tolerance, (iv) provide physiological reasons why the onset of spasms is more meaningful biologically than the loss of righting response, and (v) discuss the difficulties in using data from studies in which widely divergent methods were used and the importance of obtaining comparative thermal-tolerance data for comparative physiology. The adoption of the onset of spasms as a standard end point would allow for valid comparisons of data from different studies and among taxa, an important consideration for current investigations of comparative physiology that use the comparative phylogenetic method.

scholarly journals Basal tolerance but not plasticity gives invasive springtails the advantage in an assemblage setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Phillips ◽  
Ian Aitkenhead ◽  
Charlene Janion-Scheepers ◽  
Catherine K King ◽  
Melodie A McGeoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Desiccation Resistance ◽  
Physiological Trait ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons

Abstract As global climates change, alien species are anticipated to have a growing advantage relative to their indigenous counterparts, mediated through consistent trait differences between the groups. These insights have largely been developed based on interspecific comparisons using multiple species examined from different locations. Whether such consistent physiological trait differences are present within assemblages is not well understood, especially for animals. Yet, it is at the assemblage level that interactions play out. Here, we examine whether physiological trait differences observed at the interspecific level are also applicable to assemblages. We focus on the Collembola, an important component of the soil fauna characterized by invasions globally, and five traits related to fitness: critical thermal maximum, minimum and range, desiccation resistance and egg development rate. We test the predictions that the alien component of a local assemblage has greater basal physiological tolerances or higher rates, and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than the indigenous component. Basal critical thermal maximum, thermal tolerance range, desiccation resistance, optimum temperature for egg development, the rate of development at that optimum and the upper temperature limiting egg hatching success are all significantly higher, on average, for the alien than the indigenous components of the assemblage. Outcomes for critical thermal minimum are variable. No significant differences in phenotypic plasticity exist between the alien and indigenous components of the assemblage. These results are consistent with previous interspecific studies investigating basal thermal tolerance limits and development rates and their phenotypic plasticity, in arthropods, but are inconsistent with results from previous work on desiccation resistance. Thus, for the Collembola, the anticipated advantage of alien over indigenous species under warming and drying is likely to be manifest in local assemblages, globally.

The impact of acute salinity exposure and temperature on the survival, osmoregulation, and hematology of juvenile shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam T. Downie ◽  
Hannah Wallace ◽  
Samantha Taylor ◽  
James D. Kieffer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Shortnose Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Brevirostrum ◽  
Osmoregulatory Capacity ◽  
Plasma Chloride ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
The Impact

Juvenile shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur, 1818) were exposed to seawater and freshwater for 24 h to evaluate the osmoregulatory capabilities over a seasonal temperature gradient (5, 10, 15, 20 °C). Additionally, juveniles were exposed to 5 °C seawater and freshwater over 72 h to evaluate survival and osmoregulatory capacity under cold water conditions. Osmoregulatory capability was evaluated using standard metrics: survival rate, mass loss, plasma chloride ion (Cl–) concentrations, osmolality, oxygen-carrying variables, and energy metabolites. Three mortalities occurred following 24 h exposure to 20 °C seawater (73% survival) and one mortality occurred within 72 h in 5 °C seawater (89% survival). Plasma Cl– concentrations and osmolality were elevated in seawater-exposed juveniles at every exposure time, regardless of temperature. The least mass was lost in juveniles exposed to 5 and 10 °C seawater, versus 15 and 20 °C seawater. Low mass loss is likely due to a lower metabolic rate and lower ventilation, which would slow the rate by which osmotic stress would occur under cold conditions.

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