Timing of Paleoproterozoic granitoid magmatism along the northwestern Superior Province margin: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Thompson Nickel BeltThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of Geochronology in honour of Tom Krogh.

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Machado ◽  
L. M. Heaman ◽  
T. E. Krogh ◽  
W. Weber ◽  
M. T. Corkery

The U–Pb geochronology of three granitoid plutons and three granitic pegmatite dykes, largely from the Thompson Nickel Belt located along the northwestern Superior craton margin, was investigated to place constraints on the timing of felsic magmatism associated with closure of the Manikewan Ocean and final continent–continent collision to form the Trans-Hudson Orogen. These data indicate that 1840–1820 Ma granite magmatism along the Superior margin was more active than previously thought and that some magmatism extended beyond the Thompson Nickel Belt sensu stricto, including the 1836 ± 3 Ma Mystery Lake granodiorite, 1822 ± 5 Ma Wintering Lake granodiorite, and the 1825 ± 8 Ma Fox Lake granite located in the Split Lake Block. Granitic pegmatites within the Thompson Nickel Belt were emplaced late in the collisional history in the period 1.79–1.75 Ga and include a 1770 ± 2 Ma dyke exposed at the Thompson pit, a 1767 ± 6 Ma dyke at the Pipe Pit, and a 1786 ± 2 Ma dyke located at Paint Lake. The final stage of crustal amalgamation in the eastern Trans-Hudson Orogen involved Superior Province crustal thickening and partial melting forming 1.84–1.82 Ga granite magmas and then final collision at ∼1.8 Ga between the Superior Province and a continental block to the west consisting of the previously amalgamated Sask and Hearne cratons. Heating of the Superior craton margin and granitic magmatism continued past peak metamorphism (1790–1750 Ma); this thermal event is represented by the emplacement of numerous late pegmatite dykes and evidenced by cooling dates recorded by metamorphic minerals (e.g., titanite) in reworked Archean gneisses and Proterozoic intrusions.

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Machado ◽  
Denis Gapais ◽  
Alain Potrel ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
Erwan Hallot

The Thompson Nickel Belt marks the boundary between the Archean Superior Province and the Trans-Hudson Orogen in Canada. It comprises Archean gneisses, and Paleoproterozoic rocks with metasediments and metavolcanites (Ospwagan Group) and intrusions. The gneisses are frequently migmatitic and host numerous pegmatites. The western belt boundary is a fault contact with the Kisseynew Domain of the Reindeer Zone. In the south, the transition zone between the belt and the Kisseynew Domain comprises granitoids and a detrital sequence (Grass River Group), part of which grades into turbidites in the Kisseynew Domain. The eastern belt boundary is a diffuse zone where the Archean east–west (E–W) structural trend changes into the north-northeast (NNE) trend of the belt. This paper presents U–Pb ages for granitoids and 207Pb/206Pb detrital zircon ages from the Ospwagan and Grass River groups. Ages and a comparison of events in the belt and in the eastern Reindeer Zone have major implications. The change from stable platform deposits to syn-tectonic filling and emplacement of mafic intrusions in the Ospwagan Group are attributed to the convergence between the Reindeer Zone and the Superior Province at 1891–1885 Ma. At ca. 1850 Ma, continuing convergence led to drowning of marginal basins of the Superior craton and to the development of a transpressive regime in the belt, the onset of which could be as old as ca. 1885 Ma. Metamorphic ages of 1818–1785 record closure of the Kisseynew basin and crustal thickening. Collision of the new continental block with the Superior Province was accommodated by transpression until 1750–1720 Ma.


1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Telmat ◽  
Jean-Claude Mareschal ◽  
Clément Gariépy

Gravity data were obtained along two transects on the southern coast of Ungava Bay, which provide continuous gravity coverage between Leaf Bay and George River. The transects and the derived gravity profiles extend from the Superior craton to the Rae Province across the New Quebec Orogen (NQO). Interpretation of the transect along the southwestern coast of Ungava Bay suggests crustal thickening beneath the NQO and crustal thinning beneath the Kuujjuaq Terrane, east of the NQO. Two alternative interpretations are proposed for the transect along the southeastern coast of the bay. The first model shows crustal thickening beneath the George River Shear Zone (GRSZ) and two shallow bodies correlated with the northern extensions of the GRSZ and the De Pas batholith. The second model shows constant crustal thickness and bodies more deeply rooted than in the first model. The gravity models are consistent with the easterly dipping reflections imaged along a Lithoprobe seismic line crossing Ungava Bay and suggest westward thrusting of the Rae Province over the NQO. Because no gravity data have been collected in Ungava Bay, satellite altimetry data have been used as a means to fill the gap in data collected at sea. The satellite-derived gravity data and standard Bouguer gravity data were combined in a composite map for the Ungava Bay region. The new land-based gravity measurements were used to verify and calibrate the satellite data and to ensure that offshore gravity anomalies merge with those determined by the land surveys in a reasonable fashion. Three parallel east-west gravity profiles were extracted: across Ungava Bay (59.9°N), on the southern shore of the bay (58.5°N), and onshore ~200 km south of Ungava Bay (57.1°N). The gravity signature of some major structures, such as the GRSZ, can be identified on each profile.


1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Pognante ◽  
D. Castelli ◽  
P. Benna ◽  
G. Genovese ◽  
F. Oberli ◽  
...  

AbstractIn the High Himalayan belt of northwest India, crustal thickening linked to Palaeogene collision between India and Eurasia has led to the formation of two main crystalline tectonic units separated by the syn-metamorphic Miyar Thrust: the High Himalayan Crystallines sensu stricto (HHC) at the bottom, and the Kade Unit at the top. These units are structurally interposed between the underlying Lesser Himalaya and the very low-grade sediments of the Tibetan nappes. They consist of paragneisses, orthogneisses, minor metabasics and, chiefly in the HHC, leucogranites. The HHC registers: a polyphase metamorphism with two main stages designated as M1 and M2; a metamorphic zonation with high-temperature recrystallization and migmatization at middle structural levels and medium-temperature assemblages at upper and lower levels. In contrast, the Kade Unit underwent a low-temperature metamorphism. Rb–Sr and U–Th–Pb isotope data point to derivation of the orthogneisses from early Palaeozoic granitoids, while the leucogranites formed by anatexis of the HHC rocks and were probably emplaced during Miocene time.Most of the complicated metamorphic setting is related to polyphase tectonic stacking of the HHC with the ‘cooler’ Kade Unit and Lesser Himalaya during the Himalayan history. However, a few inconsistencies exist for a purely Himalayan age of some Ml assemblages of the HHC. As regards the crustal-derived leucogranites, the formation of a first generation mixed with quartzo-feldspathic leucosomes was possibly linked to melt-lubricated shear zones which favoured rapid crustal displacements; at upper levels they intruded during stage M2 and the latest movements along the syn-metamorphic Miyar Thrust, but before juxtaposition of the Tibetan nappes along the late- metamorphic Zanskar Fault.


Author(s):  
Yanfei Chen ◽  
Zeming Zhang ◽  
Richard M Palin ◽  
Zuolin Tian ◽  
Hua Xiang ◽  
...  

Abstract The early Mesozoic evolution of the Lhasa terrane, which represents a major component of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, remains highly controversial. In particular, geological units and events documented either side of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis (EHS) are poorly correlated. Here, we report new petrological, geochemical and geochronological data for co-genetic peraluminous S-type granites and metamorphic rocks (gneiss and schist) from the Motuo–Bomi–Chayu region of the eastern Lhasa terrane, located on the eastern flank of the EHS. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that these units record both Late Triassic magmatic (216–206 Ma) and metamorphic (209–198 Ma) episodes. The granites were derived from a Paleoproterozoic crustal source with negative zircon εHf(t) values (–5.5 to –16.6) and TDM2 model ages of 1.51–1.99 Ga, and are interpreted to have formed by crustal anatexis of nearby metasediments during collisional orogeny and crustal thickening. The gneisses and schists experienced similar upper amphibolite-facies peak metamorphism and associated partial melting, followed by decompressional cooling and retrograde metamorphism. These rocks were buried to lower-crustal depths and then exhumated to the surface in a collisional orogenic setting during plate convergence. From comparison of these data to other metamorphic belts with similar grades and ages, and association of coeval granitic magmatism widespread in the central-east Lhasa terrane, we propose that the studied co-genetic magmatism and metamorphism in the Motuo–Bomi–Chayu region records Late Triassic accretion of the North Lhasa and South Lhasa terranes, which represents the first evidence of the Paleo-Tethys ocean (PTO) closure in this part of Asia. These data provide new constraints on the spatial and temporal evolution of the Paleo-Tethyan Wilson Cycle and provide a ‘missing link’ to correlate the geology and tectonic history of the Lhasa terrane continental crust on either side of the EHS.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Leventis ◽  
Thomas Zack ◽  
Iain Pitcairn ◽  
Johan Högmalm

<p>The Pontiac subprovince consists of metaturbidites, plutons and thin ultramafic rock layers of Archean age and lies south of the Cadillac-Larder Lake (C-LL) fault zone which is the boundary between the Pontiac and the extensively mineralized Abitibi Greenstone Belt. The sediments show a Barrovian metamorphic gradient which increases southwards, away from the C-LL fault. The most likely tectonic provenance for the Pontiac sedimentary rocks is that they represent a relic accretionary prism with material derived from both the Abitibi and an older terrane. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that deposition occurred not later than 2685±3 Ma ago and recent, robust Lu-Hf dating of garnets bracketed Pontiac's peak metamorphic conditions at 2658±4 Ma. For this study we used a recently developed LA-ICP-MS/MS method for in-situ Rb-Sr dating of biotite and plagioclase in samples ranging in metamorphic grade (biotite to sillimanite zones) from the Pontiac subprovince. Calibration of the instrument was achieved by repeated ablations on several reference materials (see Hogmalm et al. 2017) which also provided the monitoring of accuracy and precision throughout the analyses. Results show a range in dates between 2550 Ma and 2200 Ma with an average of 2440±50 Ma (2σ). Samples from the staurolite and kyanite zones have a larger range with respect to the other zones, but no significant differences are observed in the data with any method of data handing. These dates are ≈300Ma younger than the peak metamorphism in the area and this is attributed to either overgrowth and re-setting of the Rb-Sr system by a second metamorphic/hydrothermal event, or diffusional resetting with core-rim age variations. Possible influence from the adjacent late syntectonic to post-tectonic monzodiorite-monzonite-granodiorite-syenite (MMGS) plutons dated 2671±4 Ma and the garnet-muscovite-granite series (GMG) dated ≈2650 Ma cannot be ruled out. This study provides insights about the metamorphic history of the sequence and supports previous findings regarding resetting of some isotopic systems with relatively low closure temperatures (≈350-400°C) by later thermal events.</p>


2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Barrie Clarke ◽  
Andrew S Henry ◽  
Mike A Hamilton

The Rottenstone Domain of the Trans-Hudson orogen is a 25-km-wide granitic–migmatitic belt lying between the La Ronge volcanic–plutonic island arc (1890–1830 Ma) to the southeast and the ensialic Wathaman Batholith (1855 Ma) to the northwest. The Rottenstone Domain consists of three lithotectonic belts parallel to the orogen: (i) southeast — gently folded migmatized quartzo-feldspathic metasedimentary and mafic metavolcanic rocks intruded by small concordant and discordant white tonalite–monzogranite bodies; (ii) central — intensely folded and migmatized metasedimentary rocks and minor metavolcanic rocks intruded by largely discordant, xenolith-rich, pink aplite-pegmatite monzogranite bodies; and (iii) northwest — steeply folded migmatized metasedimentary rocks cut by subvertical white tonalite–monzogranite sheets. Emplacement of granitoid rocks consists predominantly of contiguous, orogen-parallel, steeply dipping, syntectonic and post-tectonic sheets with prominent magmatic schlieren bands, overprinted by parallel solid-state deformation features. The white granitoid rocks have A/CNK (mol Al2O3/(mol CaO + Na2O + K2O)) = 1.14–1.22, K/Rb ≈ 500, ΣREE (sum of rare-earth elements) < 70 ppm, Eu/Eu* > 1, 87Sr/86Sri ≈ 0.7032, and εNdi ≈ –2. The pink monzogranites have A/CNK = 1.11–1.16, K/Rb ≈ 500, ΣREE > 90 ppm, Eu/Eu* < 1, 87Sr/86Sri ≈ 0.7031, and εNdi ≈ –2. The white granitoid rocks show a wider compositional range and more compositional scatter than the pink monzogranites, reflecting some combination of smaller volume melts, less homogenization, and less control by crystal–melt equilibria. All metavolcanic, metasedimentary, and granitic rocks in the Rottenstone Domain have the distinctive geochemical signatures of an arc environment. New sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb geochronology on the Rottenstone granitoid rocks reveals complex growth histories for monazite and zircon, variably controlled by inheritance, magmatism, and high-grade metamorphism. Monazite ages for the granitoid bodies and migmatites cluster at ~1834 and ~1814 Ma, whereas zircon ages range from ~2480 Ma (rare cores) to ~1900–1830 Ma (cores and mantles), but also ~1818–1814 Ma for low Th/U recrystallized rims, overgrowths, and rare discrete euhedral prisms. These results demonstrate that at least some source material for the granitic magmas included earliest Paleoproterozoic crust (Sask Craton?), or its derived sediments, and that Rottenstone granitic magmatism postdated plutonism in the bounding La Ronge Arc and Wathaman Batholith. We estimate the age of terminal metamorphism in the Davin Lake area to be ~1815 Ma. Petrogenetically, the Rottenstone migmatites and granitoid rocks appear, for the most part, locally derived from their metasedimentary and metavolcanic host rocks, shed from the La Ronge Arc, Sask Craton, and possibly the Hearne Craton. The Rottenstone Domain was the least competent member in the overthrust stack and probably underwent a combination of fluid-present melting and fluid-absent decompression melting, resulting in largely syntectonic granitoid magmatism ~1835–1815 Ma, analogous to granite production in the High Himalayan gneiss belt.


2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Ming Yang ◽  
Derek Drayson ◽  
Ali Polat

Detailed field observations indicate that Neoarchean S-type granites were emplaced along and (or) proximal to some terrane (tectonic) boundary zones in the western Superior Province, southeastern Manitoba. These S-type granites are characterized by the presence of at least one diagnostic indicator mineral, such as sillimanite, cordierite, muscovite, garnet, and tourmaline. They are medium- to high-K calc-alkaline, moderately to strongly peraluminous (ANKC >1.1), and contain >1% CIPW normative corundum. Compared with more voluminous, older I-type granitoids in tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite suites in the region, the S-type granites occur as relatively small intrusions and have high (SiO2 >72 wt.%) contents with a small silica range (SiO2 = 72.2–81.2 wt.%), but a large range of Zr/Hf (17.1–43.8) and Nb/Ta (0.3–16.0) ratios. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the S-type granites were derived from partial melting of heterogeneous sedimentary rocks deposited as synorogenic flysch that underwent burial and crustal thickening during terrane collision. Although the S-type granites display geochemical variations in individual and between different plutons, their low Sr (<400 ppm) and Yb (<2 ppm) contents and low Sr/Y (<40) and La/Yb (<20) ratios are consistent with a partial melting process that left a granulite-facies residue consisting of plagioclase, pyroxene, and ± garnet. The S-type granites display low zircon saturation temperatures (mostly <800 °C) and low emplacement pressures (<300 MPa), similar to strongly peraluminous leucogranites formed in the Himalayas. Therefore, we propose that the Neoarchean S-type granites in the western Superior Province, whose source rocks were deposited between colliding tectonic blocks between 2720 and 2680 Ma, may serve as a geological marker of some Archean terrane boundary zones.


1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Alsop

AbstractPre-Caledonian basement is juxtaposed with an inverted Upper Dalradian cover sequence along the Lough Derg Slide, in south Donegal, northwest Ireland. Shear-sense criteria indicate that the Dalradian Succession is translated via oblique dextral thrusting over high pressure granulite facies basement in the footwall. Crustal thickening induced by large scale folding associated with this ductile thrusting resulted in mid-amphibolite facies metamorphism adjacent to the sole of the Dalradian nappe. Subsequent to peak metamorphism, the overthickened Dalradian cover sequence suffered heterogenous deformation associated with ductile extension concentrated in the strain-softened mylonites of the hangingwall. The oblique ductile thrusts initiated during crystal thickening were reactivated in a normal sense. Pre-existing fold axes rotated towards the extensional transport direction, which is marked by a secondary stretching lineation with associated S–C fabrics. Ductile extension and hangingwall collapse are considered to be related to gravitational instability induced by the earlier crustal thickening episode.


1995 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Searle

Following India-Asia collision, which is estimated at ca. 54-50 Ma in the Ladakh-southern Tibet area, crustal thickening and timing of peak metamorphism may have been diachronous both along the Himalaya (pre-40 Ma north Pakistan; pre-31 Ma Zanskar; pre-20 Ma east Kashmir, west Garhwal; 11-4 Ma Nanga Parbat) and cross the strike of the High Himalaya, propagating S (in Zanskar SW) with time. Thrusting along the base of the High Himalayan slab (Main Central Thrust active 21-19 Ma) was synchronous with N-S (in Zanskar NE-SW) extension along the top of the slab (South Tibet Detachment Zone). Kyanite and sillimanite gneisses in the footwall formed at pressure of 8-10 kbars and depths of burial of 28-35 km, 30- 21 Ma ago, whereas anchimetamorphic sediments along the hanging wall have never been buried below ca. 5-6 km. Peak temperatures may have reached 750 on the prograde part of the P-T path. Thermobarometers can be used to constrain depths of burial assuming a continental geothermal gradient of 28-30 °C/km and a lithostatic gradient of around 3.5-3.7 km/kbar (or 0.285 kbars/km). Timing of peak metamorphism cannot yet be constrained accurately. However, we can infer cooling histories derived from thermochronometers using radiogenic isotopic systems, and thereby exhumation rates. This paper reviews all the reliable geochronological data and infers cooling histories for the Himalayan zone in Zanskar, Garhwal, and Nepal. Exhumation rates have been far greater in the High Himalayan Zone (1.4-2.1 mm/year) and southern Karakoram (1.2-1.6 mm/year) than along the zone of collision (Indus suture) or along the north Indian plate margin. The High Himalayan leucogranites span 26-14 Ma in the central Himalaya, and anatexis occurred at 21-19 Ma in Zanskar, approximately 30 Ma after the collision. The cooling histories show that significant crustal thickening, widespread metamorphism, erosion and exhumation (and therefore, possibly significant topographic elevation) occurred during the early Miocene along the central and eastern Himalaya, before the strengthening of the Indian monsoon at ca. 8 Ma, before the major change in climate and vegetation, and before the onset of E-W extension on the Tibetan plateau. Exhumation, therefore, was primarily controlled by active thrusts and normal faults, not by external factors such as climate change.


Notions of batholith magma generation in crustal thermal environments are countered by the consanguinity of intrusive and extrusive magmas at destructive plate margins, their overlapping mantle-type initial strontium isotope ratios and by their contribution to observed crustal thickening in the absence of significant shortening. Conductive heat modelling produces geotherms which do not intersect the field of crustal fusion. However, crustal scavenging by ascending melts, initiated in the mantle, is a distinct possibility in most tectonic environments. Scavenging occurs more effectively at modern plate margins as activity continues to increase crustal thicknesses, temperatures and acidity of magmas. However, evidence from British Caledonian granites, an older Cordilleran suite, shows the opposite crustal cooling trend probably linked to younger granite formation after subduction processes ceased. Mantle derived Cordilleran magmas contribute to contemporary crustal growth at 0.1—0.5 km 3 a -1 - a decreasing rate, proportional to the Earth’s decaying thermal output, which has controlled the changing style of tectonics and granitic activity during geological history.


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