Early Proterozoic deformation along the southern margin of the Kisseynew gneiss belt, Trans-Hudson Orogen: a 30 Ma progressive deformation cycle

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Norman ◽  
P. F. Williams ◽  
K. M. Ansdell

Fold axes and lineations across the southern margin of the Kisseynew gneiss belt were progressively reoriented from northwesterly to northeasterly during an Early Proterozoic, southwest-directed, compressive deformation cycle. Partitioning of deformation resulted in a concentration of non-coaxial strain along the boundary between the Kisseynew gneiss belt and Flin Flon–Snow Lake belt. The structural evolution was complicated by streamlining of the movement vector around the comparatively rigid Flin Flon–Snow Lake belt. The relationship of metamorphic assemblages to kinematic fabrics indicates that deformation was coeval with a prograde–retrograde metamorphic cycle. Progressive deformation occurred during a period of 30 Ma, which is consistent with Phanerozoic orogenic time scales.


1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Van Schmus ◽  
M. E. Bickford ◽  
J. F. Lewry ◽  
R. Macdonald

We have obtained U–Pb ages on zircons from volcanic and plutonic units in several lithotectonic domains of the southern Trans-Hudson Orogen in northern Saskatchewan. These data constrain the timing of early Proterozoic orogenic events in the region and enhance our understanding of both the relationships among local domains and the relationship of the Trans-Hudson Orogen to other early Proterozoic orogens in North America.With one exception, all units studied so far yield zircon ages of 1890–1835 Ma, most of which are systematically earlier than previously reported Rb–Sr isochron ages on the same or similar units, suggesting open-system behavior in the Rb–Sr systems. Five metarhyolites, from volcanic sequences in the La Ronge domain, Glennie domain, and Hanson Lake block, give ages ranging from 1888 to 1876 Ma. Most of the plutons we dated, ranging from gneissic syntectonic tonalites and granodiorites to less-deformed late intrusions such as the Wathaman batholith and other smaller bodies, yield ages of 1870–1850 Ma, apparently constraining peak plutonic activity to about 1860 ± 10 Ma ago. The youngest unit found is a small discordant pluton with an age of 1836 ± 7 Ma. The concordance of ages of volcanics on the one hand and of plutons on the other suggests that domainal distinctions are mainly lithotectonic rather than temporal.Zircons from the Sahli charnockitic granite in the Hanson Lake block yield equivocal results. Discordia upper and lower intercepts for the Sahli granite suggest that granitic rocks at least 2500 Ma old were subjected to high-grade metamorphism about 1800–1900 Ma ago, with substantial resetting of zircons. Reworked Archean basement is thus present in this domain, supporting previously reported Rb–Sr isochron data from the Sahli granite. No other indications of Archean basement in the Trans-Hudson Orogen are documented, although one sample from the adjacent Peter Lake domain shows that it consists of Archean continental crust.Zircon ages in the range 1890–1835 Ma from this part of the Trans-Hudson Orogen are similar to those obtained from igneous units of the Penokean and Wopmay orogens, in North America, and from the Svecofennian Orogen, suggesting essential synchroneity of igneous and tectonic events in these four major orogens during major Proterozoic continental assembly.



2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1525-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krieger ◽  
G. Lohmann ◽  
T. Laepple

Abstract. Grape harvest dates have been recorded in many European locations for several centuries, and potentially contain important information about past climate. In this study, we systematically analyse the relationship of grape harvest dates recorded in the Burgundy region (France) with different climate data sets in order to understand the connection between climatic conditions and the time of harvest. The results point to a primary dependence of the grape harvest on the temperature from April to August. The strength of this connection depends on the winter to summer temperature relationship and increases over the last 100 years. The grape harvest date is also related to the winter temperature. This connection is non-stationary on interannual, but stable on decadal-to-multidecadal time scales. Therefore, the grape harvest date can be used for independent reconstructions of local April-to-August temperature on interannual time scales as well as remote winter temperature on decadal-to-multidecadal time scales.



1965 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Miller ◽  
P. E. Brown

AbstractNew potassium-argon age determinations are presented for rocks ranging in age from Lewisian to Tertiary. A late-Caledonian metamorphic event at about 422 million years is very important in the Highlands and the relationship of this to previous metamorphisms is discussed. Newer Granite emplacement took place about 400 million years ago and the Moine thrust movement also took place at about this date. Lower Carboniferous basalts yield, by whole rock methods, ages compatible with the time scales of Kulp (1960) and Holmes (1959). Volcanic activity in Mull is confirmed as Palaeocene or Eocene in age.



Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.



Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.



Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.



Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.



1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Veatch


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