A Late Cretaceous (Turonian) Ichthyofauna from Lac des Bois,Northwest Territories, Canada, with paleobiogeographic comparisons with Turonian ichthyofaunas of the Western Interior Seaway

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1375-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Fielitz
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Western Interior Seaway ◽  
The North ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Arctic Fish ◽  
East West ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

A fish fauna from a Turonian sequence of the Great Bear Basin at Lac des Bois is described. The fauna includes examples of Ichthyodectes, cf. Osmeroides, a euteleost, and several aulopiforrn fishes such as Enchodus, Cimolichthys, and a juvenile that cannot be further identified. The fauna of Lac des Bois most closely resembles other Arctic fish assemblages of the Western Interior Seaway based on a UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages) cluster analysis of various North American Turonian localities. There are also slight differences between eastern and western localities along the seaway. The north–south differences of the ichthyofauna can be explained by current patterns distributing the fishes in the seaway, or transgressive events during the Turonian. The east–west differences may be due to changes in water depth from east to west.

Morphological variation in Nereis (Neanthes) virens (Polychaeta: Nereididae) populations

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Breton ◽  
France Dufresne ◽  
Gaston Desrosiers ◽  
Pierre Blier
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

The intraspecific variation in the number and distribution of paragnaths in ten populations of Nereis (Neanthes) virens collected throughout its range was examined. Significant differences among populations are found in the total number of paragnaths and in each paragnath group. The unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages cluster analysis revealed three distinct clusters separating Canadian populations, Europe/USA populations and the Japanese population, suggesting the implication of either restricted gene flow, selection on paragnath patterns or phenotypic plasticity. Comparison with a previous genetic study suggests that morphological variants represent ecotypes of the single, widely distributed N. virens species.

A cluster analysis interpretation of Middle Ordovician biofacies, southern Mackenzie Mountains

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad J. R. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Areal Extent ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Mackenzie Mountains ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Collections of fossil trilobites, ostracods, bryozoans, and conodonts from Chazyan and Blackriveran strata of the southern Mackenzie Mountains are analyzed in an attempt to define biofacies, in terms of areal extent and faunal composition. Q-mode and R-mode cluster analyses, using Jaccard's coefficient and the unweighted pair-group method of clustering, are employed to delineate five biofacies. The interpretation of sedimentological features and composition of faunal assemblages shows that one nearshore biofacies, three progressively deeper shelf biofacies, and one continental slope biofacies are represented. A plot of biofacies succession through time in each measured section provides added support for the biofacies interpretations.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Assessment Of Arthrocnemum Macrostachyum (Chenopodiaceae) Genotypes, Using Ramp Markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Basel Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Marker Index ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Arthrocnemum Macrostachyum ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

AbstractRandom amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) marker technique was employed to test its usefulness for assessing phylogenetic relationships in three genotypes of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) Moris. & Delponte from Syria. PCR reactions with 21 RAMP primer combinations (PCs) distinguished 145 loci, 139 of which (95.862%) were polymorphic. The (AG)8TC/OPE18 primer combination generated the highest number of fragments (11 amplicons), and the (AC)8T/OPE04 primer combination the fewest (4 amplicons). Average estimated polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.431, with an average marker index (MI) of 2.836. Analysis by the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) was performed and a dendrogram was constructed. UPGMA cluster analysis based on RAMP markers distinguished genotype 2, suggested here to be a subspecies, from genotypes 1 and 3. In this study the RAMP marker method proved to be a reliable tool for discriminating and estimating genetic diversity within A. macrostachyum.

scholarly journals Variability for Restriction Fragment-length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) and Relationships among Elite Commercial Inbred and Virtual Hybrid Onion Populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. King ◽  
James M. Bradeen ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Market Class ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Nuclear RFLPs were used to estimate relationships among 14 elite commercial inbreds of bulb onion (Allium cepa) from Holland, Japan, and the United States. Variability for known alleles at 75 RFLP loci and 194 polymorphic fragments revealed by 69 anonymous cDNA probes and a clone of alliinase were scored to yield genetically characterized and uncharacterized data sets, respectively. The inbred onion populations possessed more than two alleles at 20 of 43 (46%) codominant RFLP loci. Relationships among the inbreds were estimated by cluster analysis of simple-matching (genetically characterized data) and Jaccard (genetically uncharacterized data) coefficients using the unweighted pair group method and agreed with known pedigrees. RFLPs confidently distinguished among elite inbreds within and between specific market classes. RFLP profiles for virtual hybrids were computer-generated by combining gametic arrays among inbreds of the same market class and analyzed as described above. Allelic and genetically uncharacterized RFLPs confidently distinguished among these hybrids, even though heterozygosity for many markers produced a majority of monomorphic fragments. We randomly sampled decreasing numbers of RFLPs from the complete data sets and calculated simple-matching and Jaccard distances, noting the numbers of probes that were unable to distinguish any two inbreds or hybrids. As few as 10 polymorphic probe-enzyme combinations distinguished among all the inbreds and samples of 20 genetically characterized or 10 genetically uncharacterized clones distinguished all the virtual hybrids. This study demonstrated that the previously reported few RFLPs observed among open-pollinated (OP) onion populations were due to the highly heterozygous nature of the OP population.

Behaviour of subarctic red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi athabascae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1932-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Mihok
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Interactions between pairs of red-backed voles were observed in a neutral observation arena in the summer of 1975 at Heart Lake. Northwest Territories, Canada. Twenty–one behaviours were recorded for each vole and were simplified to six factors of behaviour: amicable, defensive, aggressive, avoidance, subordinate, and fighting. The behaviour of one vole towards another in a trial was classified into defensive, avoidance, amicable, and aggressive types by unweighted pair group method (UPGM) cluster analysis. It was possible to partially predict behaviour on the basis of individual parameters such as: sex, age, and reproductive condition. The relationship between individuals showed better predictability, although the behaviour of each individual was variable. Male–female encounters were generally amicable with the female being dominant. Female–female encounters were similar to male–male encounters; avoidance, defensive, and aggressive behaviour predominated. Dominant females were generally older or in a later stage of pregnancy. Dominant males did not represent any consistent trends in age, sexual maturity, or weight differences. Mutual avoidance was the most common type of interaction.

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity and Genetic Relatedness of Candida albicans Isolates from Birds in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
M. Domán ◽  
L. Makrai ◽  
Gy. Lengyel ◽  
R. Kovács ◽  
L. Majoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

AbstractThe molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans infections in animals has been rarely studied. In this study, multilocus sequence typing was used to characterise the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 avian origin C. albicans isolates collected from different birds with candidiasis and compared to human isolates. Fourteen diploid sequence types (DSTs) including six new DSTs were determined. Cluster analysis revealed that isolates grouped into 8 clades. Bird isolates mainly belonged to minor clades and Clade 15 with DST 172 was the most common (11 isolates; 45.8%). The remaining isolates were clustered into Clade 7 (5 isolates; 20.8%), Clade 10 (4 isolates; 16.6%), Clade 8 (2 isolates; 8.3%), Clade 4 (1 isolate; 4.2%) and Clade 16 (1 isolate; 4.2%). Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and eBURST analyses showed that the genetic construction of avian origin C. albicans population is fairly diverse. Although species-specific lineages were not found, some degree of separation in the evolution of bird and human strains could be observed.

scholarly journals Padrões de infestação de comunidades de plantas daninhas no agroecossistema de cana-crua

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kuva ◽  
A.S. Ferraudo ◽  
R.A. Pitelli ◽  
P.L.C.A. Alves ◽  
T.P. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Objetivou-se neste trabalho a obtenção de padrões de infestação de plantas daninhas na cultura de cana-de-açúcar com histórico de colheita mecanizada sem queima prévia da palha. Foram realizadas amostragens em 28 talhões na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP; em cada talhão foram demarcadas unidades de avaliação e coleta, na proporção de duas por hectare, que consistiram de áreas (quatro linhas de 4 metros de comprimento) mantidas sem controle de plantas daninhas e onde foram realizadas as amostragens de plantas emergidas. As amostragens foram realizadas aos 120 dias após o corte, com quadrados vazados (0,5 x 0,5 m) lançados aleatoriamente duas vezes em cada uma das unidades de avaliação e coleta. Com os dados obtidos, calculou-se a importância relativa e o índice de agregação das espécies ou grupo de espécies. Esses índices foram usados no processamento da análise de agrupamento hierárquica, utilizando como medida de semelhança a distância euclidiana e como estratégia de agrupamento o método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using arithmetic Averages). Foi possível distinguir quatro grupos em função da importância relativa e cinco grupos de talhões em função do índice de agregação; dentro de alguns grupos houve formação de subgrupos.

scholarly journals ICHTHYOFAUNA IN THE INNER CONTINENTAL SHELF NEXT TO THE PARANAGUÁ ESTUARINE COMPLEX, SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Cesar SANTOS ◽  
Roberto SCHWARZ JUNIOR ◽  
Helen Audrey PICHLER ◽  
Olímpio Rafael CARDOSO ◽  
Marcelo Renato LAMOUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Inner Continental Shelf

The composition and structure of fish assemblages in the inner continental shelf of the Paraná State are affected by cold fronts and the rainfall regime. Data from fishing activities in this region, as well as the analysis of environmental characteristics, are the main tools available for understanding fish dynamics, under influence of increasing human activities. In order to better understand patterns and temporal variations in fish assemblages in the inner continental shelf of the Paraná State, a total of 24 double trawls were performed with an otter trawl between August 2000 and July 2001, in two sampling areas, the North area in front of the northern mouth of the Paranaguá Estuary Complex, and the South area, in front of the Leste beach. A total of 45,277 fish specimens belonging to 35 families and 97 species were caught. Sciaenidae was the most abundant family, with 37.1% of the total number of individuals caught, and with the highest richness (18 species). Statistical analyses evidenced significant differences in environmental characteristics and in fish fauna, and that both areas disturbances were observed in the fish assemblages during the dry and wet season, being more intense in the Southern area, disturbances that would be related to the shrimp fishing present in the two areas sampled in this study.

scholarly journals Caracterização Biométrica dos Caprinos da República de Cabo Verde

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (263) ◽  
pp. 384-394
Author(s):  
L.C. Pires ◽  
T.M. Machado ◽  
J. de D. Fonseca ◽  
J.F. Fonseca ◽  
E. Pile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Objetivou-se discernir populações caprinas de cinco ilhas da República de Cabo Verde (n=533) por meio de dados biométricos e análises estatísticas. Foram avaliadas 16 características de fêmeas adultas, através da estatística descritiva simples, análise de variância, teste de multicolinearidade, distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D²) e algoritmo UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Mean). Após o teste de multicolinearidade foi identificada e descartada a variável profundidade torácica. As D² foram calculadas com base nas 15 medidas biométricas. O maior valor da D² foi entre as populações das ilhas do Fogo e São Nicolau (22,73), e a menor D² foi entre Santo Antão e São Vicente (3,71). O dendrograma a partir de 15 variáveis em cinco populações colocou as cabras da ilha de Fogo em ramo a parte das demais. Agruparam-se num ramo as cabras das ilhas de Santo Antão e São Vicente. Este resultado está de acordo com a distância geográfica entre as ilhas de Cabo Verde e o histórico recente de intercâmbio de animais entre elas.

Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Large River ◽  
Platte River ◽  
Water Diversions ◽  
The North ◽  
As Species ◽  
South Platte ◽  
The City

<em>Abstract.</em>—From its headwaters in the Rocky Mountains, the Platte River drains 230,362 km<sup>2</sup> in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. The Platte River is formed by the confluence of the North Platte and South Platte near the city of North Platte, Nebraska, and receives additional flow from the Loup and Elkhorn rivers that drain the Sand Hills region of Nebraska. Water diversions for mining and irrigation began in the 1840s in Colorado and Wyoming, and irrigation diversions in Nebraska began in the 1850s. Construction of dams for control of river flows commenced on the North Platte River in Wyoming in 1904. Additional dams and diversions in the North Platte, South Platte, and Platte rivers have extensively modified natural flow patterns and caused interruptions of flows. Pollution, from mining, industrial, municipal, and agricultural sources, and introductions of 24 nonnative species have also taken their toll. Fishes of the basin were little studied before changes in land use, pollution, and introduction of exotic species began. The current fish fauna totals approximately 100 species from 20 families. Native species richness declines westward, but some species find refugia in western headwaters streams. Declines in 26 native species has led to their being listing as species of concern by one or more basin states.

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