Complex littoral habitat influences the response of native minnows to stocked trout: evidence from whole-lake comparisons and experimental predator enclosures

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Hanisch ◽  
W.M. Tonn ◽  
C.A. Paszkowski ◽  
G.J. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Littoral Habitat ◽  
Littoral Zones ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Predatory Fishes

Strong negative effects of introduced predatory fishes on native species are frequently reported but may not be universal. Recent research from productive lakes, for example, has documented few serious negative effects. Our objective was to determine how complex littoral habitat mediates the response of adult and young-of-year (YOY) native dace (Chrosomus spp.) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to the introduction of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in productive lakes in Alberta, Canada. We first quantified inshore–offshore habitat use of native fish in stocked and unstocked lakes with heavily vegetated littoral zones. We then manipulated the presence or absence of trout and densities of macrophytes within enclosures in an unstocked lake and assessed the behavioral response of native fish. Our whole-lake comparisons revealed that adult and YOY fishes occurred in vegetated inshore areas to a greater extent in stocked relative to unstocked lakes. In the enclosure experiment, native fishes did not respond to the introduction of trout at natural macrophyte densities, but dace significantly reduced their occupation of enclosures with reduced macrophytes once trout were added. Our results suggest that complex littoral macrophyte beds provide important refuge habitat for native fishes, which can potentially mitigate negative effects associated with introductions of a piscivorous predator.

scholarly journals The first unified inventory of non-native fishes of the South Caucasian countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia

2021 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Tatia Kuljanishvili ◽  
Levan Mumladze ◽  
Bella Japoshvili ◽  
Namig Mustafayev ◽  
Shaig Ibrahimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Native Fishes

The South Caucasus (SC) region is recognized for its high biological diversity and various endemic animal taxa. The area has experienced many fish introductions over the years, but the overall information about non-native fishes in the three SC countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia did not exist. Although these three countries belong to the Kura River drainage, Caspian Sea basin (only the western half of Georgia drains into the Black Sea), the legislative framework for each country regarding introduction of non-native fish species and their treatment is different and poorly developed. The goal of the present study was to make an initial inventory of non-native fish species in the three SC countries, and summarize the existing knowledge as a basis for future risk assessment models and formulation of regional management policies. Here, we present a unified list of 27 non-native species recorded in the wild in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Among these 27 species, eight were translocated from the Black Sea basin to the Caspian Sea basin. Out of these 27 non-native fishes, 15 species have become established (three of them being considered invasive) and six fish species could not survive in the wild.

scholarly journals What is needed to restore native fishes in Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
John D. Koehn ◽  
Stephen R. Balcombe ◽  
Lee J. Baumgartner ◽  
Christopher M. Bice ◽  
Kate Burndred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
The Past ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
First Nations People

The Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) is Australia’s food bowl, contributing 40% of agricultural production and supporting a population of over 4 million people. Historically, the MDB supported a unique native fish community with significant cultural, subsistence, recreational, commercial and ecological values. Approximately one-quarter of the MDB’s native species are endemic. Changes to river flows and habitats have led to a >90% decline in native fish populations over the past 150 years, with almost half the species now of conservation concern. Commercial fisheries have collapsed, and important traditional cultural practices of First Nations People have been weakened. The past 20 years have seen significant advances in the scientific understanding of native fish ecology, the effects of human-related activities and the recovery measures needed. The science is well established, and some robust restoration-enabling policies have been initiated to underpin actions. What is now required is the political vision and commitment to support investment to drive long-term recovery. We present a summary of 30 priority activities urgently needed to restore MDB native fishes.

scholarly journals PEIXES NÃO-NATIVOS EM RIACHOS NO BRASIL: ESTADO DA ARTE, LACUNAS DE CONHECIMENTO E PERSPECTIVAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 565-587
Author(s):  
Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia ◽  
◽  
Fernando Mayer Pelicice ◽  
Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes de Brito ◽  
Mário Luís Orsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Native Fishes

Biological invasions are among the main causes of biodiversity loss on planet. Losses are accentuated in streams, which are sensitive to human impacts, since they have specialized fauna and higher degree of endemism. Despite this, studies on invasions by non-native fish in streams are incipient in Brazil. In this review, we present an introduction on the process (i.e., stages) of biological invasion, the environmental factors that influence the establishment and the impacts of non-native species in streams. A methodological step-by-step is also presented as a way to guide the conduct of studies on non-native species in Brazilian streams. In addition, management actions measures are presented to prevent new cases of introductions and suggestions for studies on invasions in streams. Avoiding propagule pressure and environmental education, as well as legal aspects of Brazilian legislation, are management actions that can prevent new introductions. Finally, gaps in knowledge and perspectives are raised as an incentive for interested parties to enter the subject and develop new studies on non-native fishes in Brazilian streams.

scholarly journals Seasonal and depth variations in diet composition and dietary overlap between three native killifish of an emblematic tropical-mountain lake: Lake Titicaca (Bolivia)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Loayza
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Lake Titicaca ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Littoral Habitat

ABSTRACTLake Titicaca (∼3800 m a.s.l.), an emblematic tropical-mountain ecosystem is the major source of fish for people on the Altiplano. The Andean killifish genus Orestias, represent an important resource for local fisheries in Lake Titicaca. It has been suggested that exist an effect of segregation in the Lake Titicaca in order to avoid competition for food resource between native fish species, due most of Orestias species share the littoral habitat, which is now also share with introduced species. Such scenario increases the pressure for food resource. Here I examined the gut content of O. luteus, O. agassizii and O. mulleri (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) from a bay of Lake Titicaca during rainy (April) and dry season (July) with the predominance method, frequency of occurrence and numerical percentage to describe the diet and dietary overlap between these native fish. I also applied a PERMANOVA test in order to determine diet variations related to depth and seasonally, as well as the Levins and Pianka’s index to test diet breadth and dietary overlap respectively. 396 gut contents were evaluated, identifying a high frequency of amphipods and molluscs in the three Orestias native species. Diet breadth revelled a selectivity for a few preys and the composition of the diets was influenced mainly by depth, followed by seasonality (PERMANOVA, P = <0.05). Dietary overlapping between O. luteus and O. agassizii was evidenced in the rainy season. During the dry season, the three species undergone dietary overlapping. This study provided a detail knowledge on the diet variations of native species in Lake Titicaca, especially for Orestias mulleri, a little-known species. Here I also discussed the importance of the amphipods as a food resource in Lake Titicaca not only for fish community, but for the food web in general. The seasonal and depth diet variations here discussed are relevant for fisheries management and conservation and could be used to guide aquaculture development in Lake Titicaca.

Differential Sensitivity to In Vitro Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase (CYP19) Activity Among 18 Freshwater Fishes

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon A Doering ◽  
Daniel L Villeneuve ◽  
Kellie A Fay ◽  
Eric C Randolph ◽  
Kathleen M Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Japanese Medaka ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessments

Abstract There is significant concern regarding potential impairment of fish reproduction associated with endocrine disrupting chemicals. Aromatase (CYP19) is a steroidogenic enzyme involved in the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Inhibition of aromatase by chemicals can result in reduced concentrations of estrogens leading to adverse reproductive effects. These effects have been extensively investigated in a small number of laboratory model fishes, such as fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), and zebrafish (Danio rerio). But, differences in sensitivity among species are largely unknown. Therefore, this study took a first step toward understanding potential differences in sensitivity to aromatase inhibitors among fishes. Specifically, a standard in vitro aromatase inhibition assay using subcellular fractions of whole tissue homogenates was used to evaluate the potential sensitivity of 18 phylogenetically diverse species of freshwater fish to the nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor fadrozole. Sensitivity to fadrozole ranged by more than 52-fold among these species. Five species were further investigated for sensitivity to up to 4 additional nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors, letrozole, imazalil, prochloraz, and propiconazole. Potencies of each of these chemicals relative to fadrozole ranged by up to 2 orders of magnitude among the 5 species. Fathead minnow, Japanese medaka, and zebrafish were among the least sensitive to all the investigated chemicals; therefore, ecological risks of aromatase inhibitors derived from these species might not be adequately protective of more sensitive native fishes. This information could guide more objective ecological risk assessments of native fishes to chemicals that inhibit aromatase.

Toxicological mechanisms of a multicomponent agricultural seed protectant in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W Greene ◽  
Richard M Kocan
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Ethylene glycol (EG) and thiram, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, are components of the seed protectant Vitavax-200. EG is a common solvent, thought to be nontoxic, whereas thiram, a dithiocarbamate known to be toxic to fish, is an active ingredient in Vitavax-200. When the\i toxicities of EG and thiram were investigated individually and as a mixture in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), a strong synergistic toxic effect was observed. Using a constant sublethal concentration of thiram, a 5- to 19-fold increase and a 2- to 2.4-fold increase in EG toxicity was observed in fathead minnow and rainbow trout, respectively. The toxicity of EG following pretreatment of rainbow trout with pyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, was decreased by 22% whereas pretreatment with cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, increased toxicity 3.4-fold. The results indicate that thiram inhibits the complete metabolism of EG, resulting in the buildup of a toxic aldehyde intermediate and increasing the toxicity of EG.

Toxicity of Trace Metal Mixtures to Alevin Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Larval Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) in Soft, Acidic Water

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Hickie ◽  
N. J. Hutchinson ◽  
D. G. Dixon ◽  
P. V. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Mixture Toxicity ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Metal Mixtures ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Acid Tolerant

The acute lethality of a fixed-ratio mixture of Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb (75:60:60:12:12:6:6 μg∙L−1 = 1.0 acid lake concentration or ALC, representative of Ontario lakes acidified to pH 5.8) was examined with alevin rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). All testing was done in extremely soft, acidic water (2.5 mg Ca∙L−1; pH 4.6–5.8). For the acid-tolerant trout alevins (144-h LC50 = pH 4.32), median lethal metal mixture levels at pH 5.8 were 5.0 ALC. Toxicity of the mixture increased at lower pHs, with a median lethal threshold of 1.0 ALC at pH 4.9. A mixture of Al, Zn, and Cu was equivalent in toxicity to the full mixture; mixture toxicity was caused by Cu alone at pH 5.8 and by Al alone at pH 4.9. For the acid-sensitive fathead minnow larvae (144-h LC50 = pH 5.54), the mixture of metals typical of lakes acidified to pH 5.8 was lethal (LC50 = 0.84 ALC); again, toxicity was associated with Al, Cu, and Zn. This research implies that Cu could be an important factor contributing to the demise of acid-sensitive fish at pHs above those associated with increased Al solubility and toxicity.

scholarly journals Escapes of non-native fish from flooded aquaculture facilities: the case of Paranapanema River, southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando César Rodrigues Casimiro ◽  
Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia ◽  
Ana Paula Vidotto-Magnoni ◽  
John Robert Britton ◽  
Angelo Antonio Agostinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Floods

Non-native species are a major driver of biodiversity loss. Aquaculture activities play a key role in introductions, including the escape of fishes from fish farm facilities. Here, the impact of flooding due to El Niño rains in 2015/2016 in the Lower and Middle Paranapanema River basin, southern Brazil, was investigated by evaluating fish escapes from 12 fish farms. The flooding resulted in the escape of approximately 1.14 million fishes into the river, encompassing 21 species and three hybrids. Non-native species were the most abundant escapees, especially Oreochromisniloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Coptodonrendalli (Boulenger, 1897) (96% of all fish). Only seven native fishes were in the escapee fauna, comprising 1% of all fish. Large floods, coupled with inadequate biosecurity, thus resulted in considerable inputs of non-native fish into this already invaded system.

Comparison of intermittent and continuous exposure to mercuric chloride in rainbow trout (Oncothynchus mykiss), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and the fathead minnow (Pimephales ptomelas)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Handy
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were exposed continuously or intermittently (24-h exposure: 24-h recovery) to a nominal peak concentration of 3 μg∙L−1 mercuric chloride for 120 h. There were no differences in the target organs or the distribution of the toxicant within internal organs between the two exposure regimes. Mercury concentrations in the tissues of intermittently exposed fish were less than those of continuously exposed fish. The lower mercury concentrations in the intermittently exposed groups arose from reduced or negligible accumulation during recovery periods rather than mercury excretion. The accumulation of mercury during intermittent exposure is roughly proportional to the exposure duration, and could therefore be predicted from a continuous exposure of equivalent total exposure duration. This proportionality exists when (1) peak concentrations of mercury are the same in both regimes, and (2) the recovery periods are short compared with the biological half-life for mercury.

scholarly journals Remarkable response of native fishes to invasive trout suppression varies with trout density, temperature, and annual hydrology

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1446-1462
Author(s):  
Brian D. Healy ◽  
Robert C. Schelly ◽  
Charles B. Yackulic ◽  
Emily C. Omana Smith ◽  
Phaedra Budy
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Desert Fishes ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Imperiled Fishes ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Recovery of imperiled fishes can be achieved through suppression of invasives, but outcomes may vary with environmental conditions. We studied the response of imperiled desert fishes to an invasive brown (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) suppression program in a Colorado River tributary, with natural flow and longitudinal variation in thermal characteristics. We investigated trends in fish populations related to suppression and tested hypotheses about the impacts of salmonid densities, hydrologic variation, and spatial–thermal gradients on the distribution and abundance of native fish species using zero-inflated generalized linear mixed effects models. Between 2012 and 2018, salmonids declined 89%, and native fishes increased dramatically (∼480%) once trout suppression surpassed ∼60%. Temperature and trout density were consistently retained in the top models predicting the abundance and distribution of native fishes. The greatest increases occurred in warmer reaches and in years with spring flooding. Surprisingly, given the evolution of native fishes in disturbance-prone systems, intense, monsoon-driven flooding limited native fish recruitment. Applied concertedly, invasive species suppression and efforts to mimic natural flow and thermal regimes may allow rapid and widespread native fish recovery.

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