Response of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Antigens of Aeromonas hydrophila

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Post
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Humoral Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Immunization Procedure

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) produced antibodies specific for Aeromonas hydrophila. Two parenteral routes yielded no measurable difference in rate of antibody synthesis. Method of bacterin suspension indicated adjuvant suspension was superior in maintenance of humoral antibody and challenge protection when compared to saline suspension of the organism.Antibody synthesis from adjuvant-suspended bacterin lagged approximately 30 days behind the rate of synthesis by fish receiving saline suspended bacteria. The highest measurable antibody titer reached by an individual was 1:64. Individuals receiving saline suspended bacterin showed evidence of loss of titer approximately 2 months after the last antigen inoculation. Definite decrease in titer was noted 5 months after the last antigen inoculation and the return to a probable nonimmune class by approximately one-half of the individuals 7 months after the last inoculation. All individuals receiving adjuvant-suspended bacterin remained in the probable immune class for as long as 6 months following the last bacterin inoculation, but only approximately one-half of the individuals remained in the probable immune class 7 months postinoculation.All fish receiving a weighed quantity of killed A. hydrophila orally each day for 9 consecutive months showed presence of humoral A. hydrophila antibody. This immunization procedure produced 50% of the individuals with humoral antibody titers considered to be in the probable immune class.Fish receiving no immunization remained with negative antibody titers throughout the experimental period.Definite protection was given fish which had been immunized by parenteral inoculation.Similar protection was given after immunization by either intramuscular or intraperitoneal routes. Fish receiving either saline or adjuvant-suspended bacterin parenterally showed analogous protection when challenged by the specific bacteria. Fish receiving oral bacterin received questionable protection against parenteral challenge of the specific organism.Phagocytosis was found to occur to a greater extent in immunized rainbow trout than in nonimmunized rainbow trout. An average phagocytic index of parenterally immunized rainbow trout was 1.08. Nonimmunized rainbow trout of the same age and egg source had an average phagocytic index of 0.30. The opsonic index was 3.6.

Plaque-Forming Cells and Humoral Antibody in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Induced by Immersion in a Yersinia ruckeri O-Antigen Preparation

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Anderson ◽  
B. S. Roberson ◽  
O. W. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Humoral Antibody ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to the O-antigen of Yersinia ruckeri by various immunization regimens. The passive hemolytic plaque assay was used to show specific splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) and passive hemagglutination demonstrated humoral antibody titers in fish injected with or immersed in the antigen preparations. Preceding antigen immersion with a 2-min immersion in either a 5.2 or a 2.6% NaCl solution did not affect the numbers of PFC or levels of antibody. Fish held for 2 min in ethyl m-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate (MS-222®) before antigen immersion showed no significant difference from the control fish. Dosage studies showed that the minimal concentration of antigen for induction of PFC by immersion was 5.0 μg/mL. Key words: plaque-forming cells, immunization, rainbow trout immersion, Yersinia ruckeri

EFIKASI RUTE VAKSIN Aeromonas hydrophila ASB-01 PADA IKAN GABUS (Ophiocephalus striatus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Olga Olga ◽  
Fatmawaty Fatmawaty
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rute pemberian vaksin A.hydrophila ASB-01 yang efektif untuk mengendalikan MAS pada ikan gabus.  Efektivitas rute vaksinasi dievaluasi melalui titer antibodi, sintasan, RPS (relative percent survival) dan RWK (Rerata waktu kematian).  Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 perlakuan (vaksinasi secara rendaman (R), oral (O), injeksi intramuscular (IM), injeksi intraperitoneal (IP) dan Kontrol (PBS pH 7,0) dengan  3 ulangan. Dosis vaksinasi sebanyak 107 sel/ml. Vaksinasi booster dilakukan setelah 14 hari kemudian, dosisnya sama dengan vaksinasi awal.  Selanjutnya, 14 hari berikutnya ikan ditantang dengan A.hydrophila ASB-01. Untuk memperoleh data titer antibodi dilakukan pengambilan darah pada saat sebelum divaksinasi, sesaat sebelum vaksinasi booster dan 14 hari setelah vaksinasi booster. Ikan tantang diamati selama 14 hari untuk memperoleh data sintasan, RPS dan RWK. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua rute pemberian vaksin dapat meningkatkan titer antibodi, akan tetapi titer antibodi tertinggi diperoleh dari ikan yang divaksinasi secara injeksi.  Sintasan gabus yang divaksinasi secara IM (84,47%), IP (82,20%), R (42,27%), O (42,20%) dan kontrol (13,13 %). RPS gabus yang divaksinasi melalui rute IM (82,08%), IP (79,46%), R (33,38%), O (33,31%), sedangkan RWK gabus melalui rute IP (3,63 hari), IM (79,46 3,57 hari), R (2,46 hari), O (1,85 hari) dan kontrol (1,03 hari). Rute vaksinasi yang efektif adalah melalui injeksi.This study aims to determine the vaccine A.hydrophila ASB-01 is effective for the control of MAS on snakehead fish. Effectiveness of vaccination was evaluated through the antibody titer, survival, RPS (relative percent survival) and RWK (mean time of death). The study consisted of 5 treatments (immersion vaccination (R), oral (O), intramuscular injection (IM), intraperitoneal injection (IP) and control (PBS pH 7.0) with 3 replications. Vaccination doses were 107 cells / ml. Booster vaccination after 14 days later. Dose is equal to the initial vaccination. Furthermore, the next day 14 fish were challenged with A.hydrophila ASB-01. To obtain data on antibody titer blood draw done at the time before being vaccinated, shortly before the booster vaccination and 14 days after the booster vaccination. Challenged fish were observed for 14 days to obtain data on survival, RPS and RWK.  The result showed that all these vaccines may increase the antibody titer, but the highest antibody titers obtained from fish vaccinated injection. Survival rates were vaccinated IM (84.47%), IP (82.20%), R (42.27%), O (42.20%) and controls (13.13%). RPS to IM (82.08%), IP (79.46%), R (33.38%), O (33.31%), while RWK through the IP (3.63 days), IM (79.46 3.57 days), R (2.46 days), O (1.85 days) and controls (1.03 days). Effective vaccination route is through injection.

Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Microflora of the Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Goldfish (Carassius auratus), and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1174-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Trust ◽  
L. M. Bull ◽  
B. R. Currie ◽  
J. T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microflora

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bred in Arkansas and maintained in British Columbia under defined culture conditions on pelleted diets and on aquatic weeds, were examined to determine their commensal gastrointestinal bacterial flora. Using anaerobic incubation, the total bacterial numbers cultured ranged from 6 × 104 to 4 × 108 (average 4 × 106) per g of alimentary tract plus contents. Obligately anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified as species of Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus. This is the first description of the presence of these strictly anaerobic organisms in the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Indeed, many of the anaerobes isolated did not conform to previously described species. Members of the Genus Clostridium were also isolated by enrichment culture and appeared to be associated with a pond weed diet. A wide variety of facultative anaerobic bacteria were also isolated, with Aeromonas hydrophila predominating. The gastrointestinal tracts of goldfish (Carassius auratus) were also found to contain sizable numbers of obligate anaerobes, but the gastrointestinal tracts of hatchery-cultured rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) contained insignificant numbers. Key words: grass carp, anaerobic bacteria, gastrointestinal microflora, Aeromonas hydrophila, rainbow trout, goldfish

Serum Proteins and Antibody Production in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1957-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Post
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Humoral Antibodies ◽  
Protein Components

Rainbow trout serum was shown to be made up of three major protein components. These three major components did not coincide by electrophoretic mobility or by relative salt solubility with the classic albumin, α-, β-, and γ-globulin separation of the sera of higher animals. A component equivalent to γ-globulin of higher animals was found to be completely lacking in the sera of both immunized and non-immunized rainbow trout.Specific humoral antibodies in rainbow trout immune sera were found to be contained in the electrophoretically least mobile proteins. These proteins coincided most nearly to the β-globulins and possibly the least electrophoretically mobile α-globulins of higher animals. Salt solubility of the serum proteins containing the specific antibody assisted in this conclusion. The electrophoretically least mobile major serum protein components were found to contain all of the antibody activity. These proteins could be removed from immune serum by 20% sodium sulfate. The assumption was made that Aeromonas hydrophila antibodies in immunized rainbow trout blood serum may be made up of a complex of serum proteins with a broad range of salt solubility and electrophoretic mobilities.Serum proteins of rainbow trout could also be classified as euglobulins or pseudoglobulins. The serum proteins which contained the A. hydrophila antibodies were found to be euglobulins.

Suppression of the Primary Immune Response in Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, Sublethally Exposed to Tritiated Water During Embryogenesis

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1293-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Strand ◽  
M. P. Fujihara ◽  
R. D. Burdett ◽  
T. M. Poston
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Agglutination Assay

Antibody synthesis, in response to vaccination with a 0.1-ml (1.8 × 108 cells/ml) intraperitoneally injected, heat-killed strain of Flexibacter columnaris, was employed to investigate the effect of tritium irradiation (0, 0.04, 0.4, 4.0, 40 rads total dose for 20 days during embryogenesis) on development of the primary immune response in 5-mo rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, reared under essentially pathogen-free conditions. Specific agglutinins to F. columnaris, determined 1-wk pre vaccination, and 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 wk postvaccination increased rapidly in both control and irradiated fish following vaccination. Agglutinin levels in irradiated fish were suppressed to 50% of control levels at 40 rads during the 9th wk, and 50% of control levels at 4.0 rads during the 11th wk. Electrophoretic separation of serum proteins of both control and irradiated–vaccinated fish demonstrated four major protein fractions. Densitometry analyses demonstrated that fraction IV increased significantly in percent of total protein following antigenic stimulation, suggesting that fraction IV represents the specific humoral antibody to F. columnaris. The relative percent of total protein contained in fraction IV was significantly reduced in irradiated–vaccinated fish. Key words: antibody synthesis, agglutination assay, vaccination, Flexibacter columnaris, tritium, Salmo gairdneri, electrophoresis, serum protein, densitometry, primary immune response

Extracellular virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila in fish infections

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Allan ◽  
Roselynn M. W. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Protease Deficient ◽  
Extracellular Substances

Aeromonas hydrophila NRC 505 produced extracellular substances which were capable of causing pathological effects when injected into trout. Proteolytic activity and haemolytic activity of the extracellular products, and the effect on fish, were lost on heating. The extracellular substances from strain G35, a protease-deficient mutant, were significantly more toxic to both rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) than the analogous preparation from the parental strain NRC 505. The response of speckled trout injected intraperitoneally with dilutions of the extracellular preparations implicates haemolytic activity as a significant lethality factor.

Antibody Production and Immune Responses of Rainbow Trout and Coho Salmon to Chondrococcus columnaris

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Fujihara ◽  
R. E. Nakatani
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Active Immunity ◽  
Columnaris Disease ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Disease Free

Active immunity to Chondrococcus columnaris disease was established in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) approximately 3 months old by oral vaccination with heat-killed cells. Average agglutinating titers were 1:17 for control survivors and 1:168 for the orally vaccinated salmon. When rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) approximately 3 months old were exposed in a trough to C. columnaris present as a natural contaminant in Columbia River water, 52% of the fish died during the first 6 weeks of the test. Fish that survived the exposure were generally resistant to subsequent challenge. Many age 1 + rainbow trout that survived the C. columnaris infection as juveniles, when sampled after several months of reexposure to the disease, were immune carriers of the pathogen and developed agglutinating antibody titers ranging from 1:80 to 1:640. Titers up to 1:5120 were developed in disease-free yearling rainbow trout by parenteral vaccination.

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