Phosphorus Input and Its Consequences for Phytoplankton Standing Crop and Production in the Experimental Lakes Area and in Similar Lakes

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Schindler ◽  
E. J. Fee ◽  
T. Ruszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Lake Management ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Water Renewal ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Shield Lakes

Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess several expressions for phosphorus loading, with and without corrections for water renewal and sedimentation, as predictors of total phosphorus concentration, chlorophyll, phytoplankton volume, and phytoplankton production in the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) lakes. All expressions tested were good predictors, allowing predictions of the above parameters with 95% confidence intervals of 20–30% of the mean for any loading value. In general, correction for water renewal improved the fit of the expression, but correction for sedimentation did not. When the above strategy was applied to lakes outside ELA but with Shield or Shield-like drainage, good results were also obtained when expressions incorporating water renewal were used. If uncorrected for water renewal, loading was a poor predictor. Correction for sedimentation did not improve the expressions significantly. Correction for rapid changes in phosphorus input did not improve the predictability of equations, indicating that the equilibrium between ELA lakes and new loading conditions occurs very rapidly. Key words: Precambrian Shield lakes, eutrophication, lake management, nutrient inputs

Phosphorus and land-use changes are significant drivers of cladoceran community composition and diversity: an analysis over spatial and temporal scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Richard Albert ◽  
Guangjie Chen ◽  
Graham K. MacDonald ◽  
Jesse C. Vermaire ◽  
Elena M. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Watershed Disturbance ◽  
Subfossil Cladoceran

We conducted paleolimnological studies over spatial and temporal gradients to define the responses of subfossil cladoceran community composition and diversity to changes in land use and phosphorus concentrations in shallow lakes. We predicted that watershed disturbance by humans, through its impact on water quality, would explain significant variation in cladoceran diversity and composition. Across lakes, water-column total phosphorus concentration was a significant (p < 0.05) predictor of the subfossil cladoceran community composition. Chydorid diversity was also found to be related significantly to phosphorus concentration (r = –0.55, p < 0.05) and the proportion of disturbed land in the watershed (r = –0.47, p < 0.05). However, net load of phosphorus to the watershed rather than proportion of watershed disturbance was a significant predictor of chydorid diversity (r = –0.86, p < 0.001) in our temporal analysis of an eutrophying lake. Given that phosphorus loading to surface waters is often related to phosphorus concentrations in soils, we suggest that the net phosphorus load to the watershed is a more sensitive metric of land-use change and necessary for detecting ecological responses in time series data.

Fish Production Correlated with Primary Productivity, not the Morphoedaphic Index

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1929-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Downing ◽  
Céline Plante ◽  
Sophie Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Standing Stock ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Oligotrophic Lakes ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Morphoedaphic Index

Estimates of the biological production of entire lake fish communities were collected from the published literature on lakes covering a wide range of geographic areas and trophic status. Correlation analysis shows that fish production is uncorrected with the morphoedaphic index (p > 0.05) but closely correlated with annual phytoplankton production (r2 = 0.79), mean total phosphorus concentration (r2 = 0.67), and annual average fish standing stock (r2 = 0.67). Empirically derived regression equations are presented and compared with previous models based on catch and yield data. Analysis of these equations suggests that conversion of phytoplankton into fish production is 100 times more efficient in oligotrophic lakes than hyper-eutrophic ones, but that a much lower fraction of fish production can be channeled to sustainable yield in oligotrophic lakes. Sustained yields were frequently as little as 10% of the annual community fish production.

Improved Estimation of the Dry Weight of Holopedium gibberum (Crustacea, Cladocera) Using Clutch Size, a Body Fat Index, and Lake Water Total Phosphorus Concentration

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Yan ◽  
G. L. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Shield Lakes

Holopedium gibberum is one of the most important species of crustacean zooplankton in Canadian Shield lakes, yet satisfactory length–weight relationships (LWR's) have not been constructed from North American populations. In this report we show that, despite assertions to the contrary, weights of individual H. gibberum can be successfully predicted from body length (L) of animals measured in a nonanaesthetized, relaxed position. We use a relationship between postabdomen length and L to show that LWR's of Ontario and Scandinavian populations of H. gibberum differ. As such differences among lakes are the rule and not the exception, it is not safe to assume that published LWR's for zooplankton are widely applicable. Consideration of clutch size (CS) and a body fat index (BFI) in addition to L significantly improved estimates of the dry weight of Holopedium from Plastic Lake in central Ontario. This model provided more accurate estimates of Holopedium dry weight in 29 test lakes than the simple LWR, i.e. it had wider applicability. Predicted weights in the test lakes were further improved by consideration of lake water total phosphorus concentrations.

A Test of a Simple Nutrient Budget Model Predicting the Phosphorus Concentration in Lake Water

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Dillon ◽  
F. H. Rigler
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Phosphorus Budgets ◽  
Quantitative Changes

The total phosphorus budgets for a number of lakes in the Haliburton–Kawartha region of southern Ontario were measured over a 20-mo period. These data, combined with the lakes' morphometry and water budgets, were used to test a simple nutrient budget model similar to that proposed by Vollenweider (1969) purporting to predict the total phosphorus concentration in lakes. Except in the case of two very shallow lakes [Formula: see text], the concentrations predicted by the model were very close to those measured in the lakes at spring overturn. Additional data from the literature supported the belief that this model could be used effectively for oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes. Its value lies in the fact that quantitative changes in phosphorus loading can be interpreted in terms of changes in phosphorus concentration, which in turn, can be related to changes in parameters that reflect the lake's trophic state such as summer chlorophyll a concentration.

Prediction of Total Phosphorus Concentrations, Chlorophyll a, and Secchi Depths in Natural and Artificial Lakes

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Canfield Jr. ◽  
Roger W. Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Artificial Lakes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Using Data

A model for the prediction of total phosphorus was developed and tested using data on 704 nautral and artificial lakes including 626 lakes in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Eutrophication Survey. A statistical analysis showed that the best estimate for the sedimentation coefficient (σ) in the Vollenweider equation was[Formula: see text]for artificial lakes where L is the areal phosphorus loading rate (mg∙m−2∙yr−1) and z is the mean depth (m). The model yields unbiased estimates of phosphorus concentrations over a wide range of lake types and has a 95% confidence interval of 31–288% of the calculated total phosphorus concentration. Other models are less precise. Though total phosphorus concentrations can be predicted equally well in natural and artificial lakes, predictions of algal densities and water transparency are less reliable in artificial lakes, as the phosphorus–chlorophyll and chlorophyll–Secchi depth relationships are less precise. This seems to be due to the influence of nonalgal particulate materials.Key words: phosphorus models, eutrophication, lake trophic state

scholarly journals Effects of nutrient loading on the trophic state of Lake Brunner

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Verburg ◽  
J. Horrox ◽  
E. Chaney ◽  
J. C. Rutherford ◽  
J. M. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Hypolimnetic Oxygen ◽  
Algal Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Lake Brunner, an oligotrophic monomictic lake on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand, is under pressure from urban expansion and increased farming activity, which has led to concern for the effects on water quality in the lake. Epilimnetic nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations have increased since 1992, and Secchi depth decreased. This suggests an increased algal productivity caused by increased nutrient inputs, further supported by increased hypolimnetic oxygen depletion since 1992. These observations are likely to have resulted from enhancement of pasture drainage and effluent inputs from expanding dairy farms. The Vollenweider model predicted a mean phosphorus concentration in the lake close to that observed, from estimated catchment loading, suggesting that the Vollenweider model adequately estimated the retention of phosphorous. With the Vollenweider model the effects of potential future loading scenarios were explored. Modelling suggested that a 70% increase in phosphorus loading could turn the lake into a mesotrophic state. Trend analysis of total phosphorus suggests that, with present land uses in the catchment (intensive dairy farming) continuing to develop at the same rate using the same land management practises, this transition to a mesotrophic state will occur by 2040.

Chlorophyll-total phosphorus relationships in Lake Burragorang, New South Wales, and some other Southern Hemisphere lakes

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Ferris ◽  
PA Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Turbid Waters

Linear regression of chlorophyll concentration on total phosphorus concentration for phosphorus- limited Lake Burragorang, N.S.W., yields regression coefficients within the range reported for individual lakes in the Northern Hemisphere. Some variation in slope of published regressions is attributable to the choice of different regression subvariables (e.g. annual mean or annual maximum). The extent of this variation is quantified. Data from Lake Burragorang and other sites indicate that chlorophyll-phosphorus relationships in the Southern Hemisphere are concordant with those in the north if turbid waters are excluded from consideration. This is obviously significant in Australia, with so many turbid waters. The notion of 'growing season', as applied to Northern Hemisphere studies, is inappropriate for the warm temperate conditions of Lake Burragorang, and it was necessary instead to use the annual maximum chlorophyll concentration. Prediction of annual maximum chlorophyll concentration is of particular significance to water-quality management. Despite highly significant regressions, 95% confidence intervals and 95% prediction limits are wide, so that prediction of chlorophyll concentration from single values of total phosphorus, using double-In regressions, gives a wide arithmetic range. Use of annual mean total phosphorus concentration as the predictor variable limits the forecasting ability of the Lake Burragorang regressions but facilitates future coupling with a phosphorus loading model. This would assist in the assessment of projected management plans and the formulation of protective loading criteria.

Strategy for Phosphorus Control from Estimated Phosphorus Loads and Predicted Total Phosphorus Concentration in Penetang Bay, Georgian Bay, 1973 to 1992

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-634
Author(s):  
R. Keith Sherman ◽  
Sharon L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Georgian Bay ◽  
Sewage Plant ◽  
Urban Storm

Abstract Cultural eutrophication has affected Penetang Bay, in southeastern Georgian Bay, since the 1960s. External sources of phosphorus were estimated and open water total phosphorus concentration was predicted in order to establish a rationale for an effective source control strategy for the bay. Seasonal loadings are greatest in the spring due mainly to the watershed sources, with 33-58% of the total annual load entering during the March to May period. Apart from this period, the two sewage plant effluent discharges are the largest sources of phosphorus loading to the bay. On an annual basis, the largest source of phosphorus to the bay is from treated sewage effluent (60%), followed by watershed, shoreline development and urban storm water, respectively. More than 80% of the estimated total annual loads was from sewage effluent, watershed and urban storm sources alone. These sources were estimated annually for the historical period of record (1973-1992). The trophic model predicted the long-term average total phosphorus concentration ([TP]) reasonably well. Predictions of [TP]Bay for individual years were within 1-49% of the measured [TP]Bay. The model predicted [TP]Bay to within 20% of measured values for 14 of the 20 years of record. The model as applied to Penetang Bay is sensitive to changes in sewage plant effluent loading and watershed loading. Model predictions indicate that significant reductions in open water [TP] can be expected following implementation of proposed source control actions. Total loading of phosphorus to the Bay of less than 1,000 kg/year should result in open water [TP]Bay of less than 15 µg/L.

Response of summer chlorophyll concentration to reduced total phosphorus concentration in the Rhine River (Netherlands) and the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta (California, USA)

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1529-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin E Van Nieuwenhuyse
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Fold Reduction

Reductions in wastewater loading led to significant declines in mean summer total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll concentration (Chl) in two large flowing water systems despite their initially shallow (<2 m) euphotic depth and continually high (>40 mg·m-3) soluble reactive P concentration. In the Rhine River, a gradual 2.7-fold reduction in TP resulted in a 4-fold decline in Chl. In the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta, an abrupt 1.5-fold reduction in TP led to an equally abrupt 2.6-fold reduction in Chl. Neither response could be attributed to coincidental changes in flow, light, or nitrogen concentration. The slope of the response (Chl:TP) in both systems paralleled the average trajectory calculated using an among-system TP–Chl relationship for a broad cross section of flowing waters. The results suggest that TP was the principal determinant of Chl in both systems and that control of phosphorus loading may be an effective tool for managing eutrophication in other flowing water systems with relatively high (10–100 mg·m-3) soluble reactive P concentrations.

Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Carbon Dynamics of Experimental Lake 303 during Recovery from Eutrophication

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Levine ◽  
D. W. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients

Little is known about the recovery of lakes from eutrophication, especially as it effects the cycling of nutrients other than phosphorus. We fertilized a naturally oligotrophic lake (Lake 303) in the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, with nitrogen and phosphorus over two summers and examined the subsequent recovery using mass balance and large in situ mesocosms. While large amounts of ammonium and smaller amounts of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were released from the lake's aerobic sediments during the first year of recovery, phosphorus input from the sediments was not detectable during the same period. Chlorophyll a concentration closely tracked total phosphorus concentration, and both returned to prefertilization levels within 1 yr. In contrast, ammonium, nitrate, DIC, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) needed almost 2 yr to reach baseline levels, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) even longer. The results show that different elements may recover at different rates and that the release of stored pools of nitrogen and carbon in the sediments plays a major role in delaying the recovery of these elements.

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