Acceptability of Rapeseed Proteins in Diets of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 951-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yurkowski ◽  
J. K. Bailey ◽  
R. E. Evans ◽  
Jo-Anne L. Tabachek ◽  
G. Burton Ayles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Rapeseed Proteins

Weight gain and feed consumption results showed that rapeseed protein concentrate (RPC) and rapeseed meal (RM) can be substituted for soybean meal (SM) and perhaps partially for herring meal (HM) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) control (SM–HM) diet and thus have economic benefits. Rapeseed flour (RF) was a poor source of proteins due to its greater effect on thyroid function. Rapeseed proteins have little effect on liver weight, body moisture, liver and body lipid, liver and body sterol content, visual and histological appearance of liver, heart and visceral tissues, or on the flavor, but caused yellow pigmentation of the skin. The levels of individual fatty acids in the diets directly affected the levels of individual fatty acids in the liver and body, while the type and level of dietary rapeseed proteins appeared to have no effect. The levels of fatty acids, 20:1 and 22:1 (includes erucic acid), were lower in the body and even lower in the liver compared with the diets. All test diets, except RPC–HM diet, caused marked thyroid hyperplasia, believed to be due to glucosinolates (goitrogens). However, some compensation for this goitrogenic action must occur because plasma T4 levels indicated a hypothyroid state for only five test diets (highest RPC-containing diet; highest RM-containing diet; all three RF-containing diets). Key words: dietary rapeseed, glucosinolates, feed–gain ratios, growth, lipids, fatty acids, plasma T4, thyroid histology, flavor, weight gain

scholarly journals Geo-Assessment of Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Nutrition of Broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Annongu ◽  
O. R. Karim ◽  
A. A. Toye ◽  
F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽  
R. M. O. Kayode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Inclusion Level

Chemical composition of Moringa oleifera seeds obtained from the middle belt of Nigeria, Benue State, was determined and the seed was blended to form a seed meal. The Moringa oleifera Seed Meal, MOSM was included in diets at graded levels of 2.50, 5.00 and 7.50% and the dietary performance of the broiler chicks on the test diets was compared with that of a corn-soy reference diet. Results on the chemical/nutritional composition of MOSM showed that the full-fat seeds contained (%) on proximate basis, reasonable concentration of 90.38 dry matter, 25.37 crude protein, 14.16 crude fat, 4.03 mineral matter, 30.64 crude fiber, 25.80 soluble carbohydrate and 5.79 kcal/g gross energy. Analyses also gave appreciable quantities of the water and fat soluble vitamins, macro - and micro-minerals. Feeding chicks with the seed meal at graded levels in diets resulted in decrease in feed intake and body weight gain as the inclusion level increased in diets relative to the conventional diet (p < 0.05). Reduction in feed consumption could be attributed to the full-fat nature of the seed meal used which might have imparted extra-caloric effect in the test diets and slowed digestion and absorption as the analyzed nutrients content of diets. A higher ether extract value on Moringa based diets relative to the control diet was obtained. Phytochemical composition of Moringa namely phenols including tannins, saponins, phytate, cyanogenic glucoside, glucosinolates and other numerous chemical constituents affected the body weight of the chicks negatively with increasing dietary MOSM. Decrease in weight gain following increase in dietary seed meal could also be due to decrease in feed intake as a result of the bitter taste of alkaloids, saponins, acting in concert with the other Moringa phytotoxins in test diets. Survival rate (100%) was not affected indicating that the level of highest inclusion in this study (7.50%) was not fatal to the experimental animal models. Further research is progressing to ascertain the highest inclusion level possible to elicit fatality and attempts to detoxify or treat the seed meal before feeding to animals.

scholarly journals The effect of zinc supplementation in different types of feed on the performance and health status of IPB-D2 chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
Siti Khairunnisa ◽  
Sumiati ◽  
Cece Sumantri ◽  
Wiwin Winarsih
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation in various diets on the performance and health status of IPB-D2 chickens. Subsequently, about 180 one-week-old IPB-D2 chickens were used in the study and were fed the treatment diets for 12 weeks. Also, this study employed a completely randomised factorial design with six treatments and three replications of ten birds each. These treatment diets included A1, which contained nutrients based on SNI (2013) without Zn supplementation, A2 which is a combination of A1 and 60 ppm of Zinc, B1 which contained nutrients 5% higher than SNI without Zn supplementation, B2 which is a combination of B1 and 60 ppm Zinc, C1 which contains nutrients 10% higher than SNI without Zn supplementation, and lastly, C2 which is a combination of C1 and 60 ppm of Zinc. Furthermore, the data were analysed using ANOVA, and the parameters observed were the body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, blood profile and the villi surface area of the jejunum. Consequently, the results showed that C2 significantly (P<0.05) increased the body weight and body weight gain when fed to the finisher and grower chickens, respectively. More so, when the finisher chickens were fed the 10% SNI diet, there was an increased body weight gain and also a significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, the addition of 60 ppm zinc increased haemoglobin significantly (P<0.05), whereas C2 decreased leukocytes significantly (P<0.05) in chicken blood. However, the treatments had no effect on feed consumption in the villi surface area of the jejunum. Therefore, the study concluded that supplementing the IPB-D2 chickens with 60 ppm zinc in a 10% SNI diet resulted in the best performance and health status.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Hasil Fermentasi Bungkil Kedelai Dalam Ransum Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ayam Pedaging

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Al Qudri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT. Tempe of soybean is fermented soybean with Rhizopus ologosporus fungus. From a result of researchers, it is the fact that tempe can increase valuable of nutrion and digest capacity and also produce antibiotic . Utilization of abtibiotic in chiken food as stimulus growth in not recommended because it can cause resistance a certain germ and it is presume there are antibiotic residu in egg and chiken meat. It is hope that the use of fermented soybean oil meal can increase nutrient value and digest capacity as well as produce antibiotic, so that it can get a better growth and over come a problem of using antibiotic in chiken food. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented soybean oil meal utilization in the ration on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality. The study use 80 unsex day old chick broiler CP-707 and conducted at Poulty Laboratory Product Agriculture Faculty, Syiah Kuala University. Chiken were putting in 27 houses unit, each unit contain of four chiken. The design of experiment was Completely Randomized Design, four treatments and five replication. The treatments were ration contained 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% fermented soybean oil meal as replace the use of soybean oil meal. The protein and energy content of all dietary treatments were equally composed from six weeks investigation, were body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality. The result of the study indicated that up to 10% graded of fermented soybean oil meal in ration were significant difference influenced increase the body weight gain and decrease the feed conversion. The fermented soybeanoil meal) utilization more than 10% were significant difference decrease the body weight gain and increase the feed conversion. If the inclusion was increase the feed consumption would tendency decline. In this study there were no mortality in all treatment. In can be advised from this study that fermented soybean oil meal could be used in broiler ration or in all poulty ration.

The effect of size on the fast-start performance of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, and a consideration of piscivorous predator-prey interactions

1976 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Prey Escape

The fast-start (acceleration) performance of seven groups of rainbow trout from 9-6 to 38-7 cm total length was measured in response to d.c. electric shock stimuli. Two fast-start kinematic patterns, L- and S-start were observed. In L-starts the body was bent into an L or U shape and a recoil turn normally accompanied acceleration. Free manoeuvre was not possible in L-starts without loss of speed. In S-starts the body was bent into an S-shape and fish accelerated without a recoil turn. The frequency of S-starts increased with size from 0 for the smallest fish to 60–65% for the largest fish. Acceleration turns were common. The radius of smallest turn for both fast-start patterns was proportional to length (L) with an overall radius of 0–17 L. The duration of the primary acceleration stages increased with size from 0–07 s for the group of smallest fish to 0–10 s for the group of largest fish. Acceleration rates were independent of size. The overall mean maximum rate was 3438 cm/s2 and the average value to the end of the primary acceleration movements was 1562 cm/s2. The distance covered and velocity attained after a given time for fish accelerating from rest were independent of size. The results are discussed in the context of interactions between a predator and prey fish following initial approach by the predator. It is concluded that the outcome of an interaction is likely to depend on reaction times of interacting fish responding to manoeuvres initiated by the predator or prey. The prey reaction time results in the performance of the predator exceeding that of the prey at any instant. The predator reaction time and predator error in responses to unpredictable prey manoeuvre are required for prey escape. It is predicted that a predator should strike the prey within 0-1 s if the fish are initially 5–15 cm apart as reported in the literature for predator-prey interactions. These distances would be increased for non-optimal prey escape behaviour and when the prey body was more compressed or depressed than the predator.

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