Comparative Survival and Growth of Planted Wild, Hybrid, and Domestic Strains of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Ontario Lakes

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1672-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Precambrian Shield ◽  
Wild Hybrid ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Shield Lakes

Matched plantings of domestic strain and interstrain hybrid (or wild strain) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were made annually in nine small Precambrian Shield lakes during 1973–77. Recoveries of planted fish were made by gillnetting and/or angling during 1974–80. In six study lakes, hybrids (and wild strains) were recovered at rates two to four times greater than the domestic strain; in three lakes recoveries were similar. Most domestic strain trout were caught in the year following planting whereas recoveries of hybrids and wild strains were spread over 3–4 yr. Each kilogram of hybrid (or wild) planted yielded 5.6 kg (1.2–12.3); each kilogram of domestic strain planted yielded 0.8 kg (0.2–2.1). Lakes containing only minnows and sticklebacks yielded the highest returns of brook trout; lakes containing competitive species yielded low returns. Rapid growth of brook trout occurred in lakes containing only minnows and sticklebacks; slowest growth was noted in lakes supporting white suckers (Catostomus commersoni). Domestic strain brook trout and the matched hybrid grew at approximately the same rate within a lake and in seven of the nine lakes ate the same food. The performance of the Nipigon × domestic hybrid qualifies it for consideration as a replacement for the domestic brook trout presently planted in Ontario lakes.Key words: planting, brook trout, trout strain, hybrid, Precambrian Shield, survival, stock

Performance of Indigenous, Exotic, and Hybrid Strains of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Waters of the Adirondack Mountains, New York

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1701-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight A. Webster ◽  
William A. Flick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Wild Trout

Eleven year-classes of wild, domestic, and wild × domestic hybrid strains of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were stocked in a 0.19-ha Adirondack pond. Comparative survival and growth were assessed upon drainage in early fall. Rearing native wild strains to maturity in a hatchery, or domestic strains in a natural environment, did not consistently or materially affect survival of progeny, suggesting that superior performance of wild strains was largely inherent. Interstrain hybrids of wild × domestic showed survivals equivalent to the wild parents, but hybrids of two Canadian strains gave evidence of heterosis in both survival and net yield. Supplementary observations in other waters also indicated that one strain (Assinica) may be less adaptable to Adirondack conditions than the other (Temiscamie).Key words: brook trout, wild trout, domesticated trout, interstrain hybrid trout, survival, growth, heterosis, hybrid vigor

Production of Wild, Domestic, and Interstrain Hybrids of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Natural Ponds

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1525-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Flick ◽  
Dwight A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Adirondack Mountain

Hatchery-reared wild and domestic strains of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were released in natural lakes, and survival and growth estimated at semiannual intervals throughout the life span. Angling was restricted. Four experiments with two year-classes involved three different Adirondack Mountain (New York) wild strains and two domestic strains, a fifth experiment included two wild strains from James Bay, Quebec and a hybrid between one of these (Assinica Lake) and a New York domestic strain. Wild and hybrid strains consistently exhibited greater longevity (5–7 yr) compared with domestic (few recovered after 3 yr). Climax sizes were not much different, except the Domestic × Assinica hybrid that was substantially larger than either of the two parents. Gross production and yield to angling of any given strain cohort was correlated (r = 0.93) and life-span gross production was 50% greater for wild and hybrid groups per unit fish stocked. Biomass stocked per recruit was much larger for domestic strains, and taking this into account, the ratio of gross production to weight stocked was about 6 times greater. Increased costs of rearing nondomesticated strains, if any, must be taken into consideration in an economic evaluation, but use of wild and/or hybrid strains of trout offers significant benefits under management conditions of these experiments.

Performance of Domestic, Hybrid, and Wild Strains of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after Stocking: the Impact of Intra- and Interspecific Competition

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2278-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lachance ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Oligotrophic Lakes ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Response Variables

Wild and hybrid strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, showed better rates of recovery (by angling) and yield (kilograms of fish recovered per kilogram planted) than a domestic strain, during the 2 yr following planting, in six small oligotrophic lakes of the Laurentian Shield. Native brook trout and white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, had a significant impact on planted brook trout. Recovery, percent of increment in weight and yield of each planted strain were inversely correlated with (1) the relative abundance of native brook trout, and (2) the occurrence of white sucker, supporting hypotheses of intra- and interspecific competition. Furthermore, the response variables were also inversely correlated with the number of potential competitors, indicating that the impact of native brook trout and white sucker was additive. The recovery in number of planted trout (both years and all strains) was approximately four times higher in lakes with effectively no competitors than in lakes containing both white sucker and native brook trout; the increase in weight was nearly three times higher, and the yield was more than nine times higher. The performances of planted fish were intermediate in the lake containing only native brook trout as competitor.

scholarly journals Captan Toxicity to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas), Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1811-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. Hermanutz ◽  
Leonard H. Mueller ◽  
Kenneth D. Kempfert
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The toxic effects of captan on survival, growth, and reproduction of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and on survival of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were determined in a flow-through system. In a 45-week exposure of fathead minnows, survival and growth were adversely affected at 39.5 μg/liter. Adverse effects on spawning were suspected but not statistically demonstrated at 39.5 and 16.5 μg/liter. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC), based on survival and growth, lies between 39.5 and 16.5 μg/liter. The lethal threshold concentration (LTC) derived from acute exposures was 64 μg/liter, resulting in an application factor (MATC/LTC) between 0.26 and 0.62. LTC values for the bluegill and brook trout were 72 and 29 μg/liter, respectively. The estimated MATC is between 44.6 and 18.7 μg/liter for the bluegill and between 18.0 and 7.5 μg/liter for the brook trout.The half-life of captan in Lake Superior water with a pH of 7.6 is about 7 hr at 12 C and about 1 hr at 25 C. Breakdown products from an initial 550 μg/liter of captan were not lethal to 3-month-old fathead minnows.

Comparative Ecology and Behavior of Domestic, Hybrid, and Wild Strains of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after Stocking

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lachance ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sexually Mature

Two years after planting in six small oligotrophic lakes, domestic, hybrid and wild strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, used space and food resources in the same way as native trout. Although trout living with or without white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, were similarly spatially distributed, they had different diets, suggesting a feeding niche shift of trout in the presence of sucker; we concluded that this shift is under phenotypic control because each planted strain came from similar genetic backgrounds. Sexual maturity was related to the size of individuals, regardless of the strain, and males matured before females. Almost all males and females were sexually mature in the first fall after stocking except wild females (3.0 and 75% matured during the first and second fall, respectively). Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of domestic and hybrid females were similar during the first fall, but the GSI of domestic females was significantly higher than that of hybrid and wild strains in the second fail. Mean egg diameters were similar among the three strains during the two falls, but fecundity of domestic females, after correction for size differences, was significantly higher than that of hybrid females which, in turn, was significantly higher than that of wild ones.

Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Acidf Aluminum, and Low Calcium on Adult Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontimlis). 2. Vitellogenesss and Osmoregulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Mount ◽  
J. R. Hockett ◽  
W. A. Gern
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
All Treatment

Adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed for 193 d (previtellogenesis to spawning) to six combinations of acid, Al, and low Ca. Survival and growth were reduced by low pH combined with low Ca concentrations. After 41 d of exposure, fish in ail low pH exposures showed depressed plasma osmolality and Na concentrations, but by day 97 this apparent osmoregulatory stress was compensated for in all but the most severe treatment (pH 4.97, 47 μg inorganic Al/L, 0.5 mg Ca/L). At the observed peak of yolking (day 147), fish exposed to this treatment also had mean concentrations of plasma estradiol, vitellogenin, and Ca of only half control values. Fecundity (eggs per female) was significantly reduced as well, but this reduction was due in part to decreased growth. Despite these abnormalities in ionoregulatory and reproductive physiology, fish in all treatment conditions produced mature eggs. Among fish in stressful conditions, individual variation in growth and physiological parameters appeared to be correlated with osmoregulatory status. We hypothesize that the suite of physiological disturbances observed are linked to osmoregulatory impairment.

Interactions between Two Distantly Related Species, Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Tremblay ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Benthic Prey

We compared spatial distribution and food habits of an allopatric brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) population to one living sympatrically with white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in two small oligotrophic lakes. Small brook trout (< 20 cm) of both sympatric and allopatric populations were more abundant in the littoral than in the offshore zone whereas large [Formula: see text] were found equally in both habitats in May. From June to August, small and large trout from both populations shifted to the offshore zone; this shift was more pronounced for small sympatric trout. Allopatric trout fed mainly on zoobenthos whereas sympatric trout fed mainly on zooplankton except small ones which ate mostly zoobenthos during May and June. White sucker (< 20 and [Formula: see text]) were generally found in the littoral zone, feeding mainly on zoobenthos. These results suggest that brook trout shifted their spatial distribution and/or their feeding habits in the presence of white sucker and that the nature of these interactions varied according to fish size. Diet overlap between trout and sucker was the lowest when the biomass of benthic prey in the littoral zone was lowest (July), indicating that the intensity of interaction among these species varies according to the abundance of food resources.

Response of fish communities to different levels of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) biomanipulation in five temperate lakes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1998-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Brodeur ◽  
Pierre Magnan ◽  
Michel Legault
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Different Levels

The goal of this study was to evaluate the response of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and other fish species to the mass removal of white sucker in five Québec (Canada) lakes. White sucker removal ranged from 14.2 kg·ha–1 to 31.3 kg·ha–1 3 years after mass removal. In four of the study lakes, the proportion of 2+ to 4+ white sucker increased following mass removal. Mean catch and biomass per unit of effort of 1+ brook trout increased significantly in the lakes where white sucker removal was highest. All white sucker populations experienced growth increases after mass removal, and improved brook trout growth was observed in lakes where the most intensive mass removal occurred. These growth increases led to higher mean length at maturity in white sucker females and decreases in mean age at maturity in white sucker males and brook trout males and females. Mean adjusted fecundity significantly increased in white sucker and brook trout in lakes where mass removal was most intense. The present study suggests that white sucker and brook trout exhibit compensatory responses following a reduction of intra- and inter-specific competition and that these responses are related to the intensity of mass removal.

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