Monitoring organic pollution and eutrophication in the Grand River, Ontario, by means of diatoms

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Rott ◽  
Hamish C Duthie ◽  
Eveline Pipp
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Diatom Indices ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients ◽  
Grand River ◽  
The 1960S

Diatom analysis discriminates between the impacts on river water quality of treated urban wastewaters and diffuse nutrient sources from farmland. Evaluation of organic pollution and trophic levels in the Grand River, Ontario, using two diatom indices shows a clear differentiation among 10 sampling sites over a distance of 214 km. Sites in the central reaches that are influenced by both urban discharges and agricultural runoff have the lowest water quality. The ranking of sites according to both diatom indices is consistently independent of substratum and seasonality. Ordination of samples by multivariate analysis results in a primary separation of the spring and summer communities and a secondary separation of upper, central, and lower reaches. Substratum differences are only apparent at the tertiary level, and mainly for midsummer samples from the upper reaches. Canonical correspondence analysis shows that the largest portion of the observed variability in species composition can be explained by a seasonal gradient related to temperature and by longitudinal gradients of nitrate-nitrogen, conductivity, and chloride. Differences in species composition between nutrient-rich sites and polluted sites are identified. Compared with a study conducted in the 1960s, the Grand River shows clear signs of increased eutrophication.

Microphytobenthos as an indicator of water quality and organic pollution in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Barinova ◽  
Anna Bondarenko ◽  
Larisa Ryabushko ◽  
Sergey Kapranov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Seawater Quality

AbstractBioindication of organic pollution and seawater quality was carried out for the first time in the western part of the Sea of Azov on the basis of species composition and quantitative characteristics of microphytobenthos. A total of 229 algal samples were collected at 17 sites over the period of 2005-2014 on three different substrates in three areas under study: Sivash Gulf, the Kerch Strait and Cape Kazantip. In total, 200 taxa of algae were found, which belong to six taxonomic divisions with a predominance of diatoms. Among those, 108 taxa are indicators of substrate, water temperature, salinity, water pH, trophic state, the type of nutrition and organic pollution of water. It has been shown that the most active self-purification of water takes place in communities on stony substrates. The largest number of algae species (50%) occurs in the cleanest waters of the Kazantip Nature Reserve (Water Quality Classes I–II). The species composition of organic pollution indicators in Sivash Gulf corresponds to waters of Classes III–IV, which are more polluted than those of the Kerch Strait and Cape Kazantip. All the studied areas of the Sea of Azov are cleaner compared to some waters of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Sea of Japan.

SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION SOURCES OF POLLUTION USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS AT TERENGGANU RIVER BASIN, MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Firdaus Kamaruddin ◽  
Mohd Ekhwan Toriman ◽  
Hafizan Juahir ◽  
Sharifuddin Md Zain ◽  
Mohd Nordin Abdul Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

The spatial water quality data (281x22) obtained from 12 sampling stations located along the Terengganu River and its main tributaries were evaluated with environmetric methods. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the origin of each variable due to land use and human activities based on the three clustered regions obtained from the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. Six principal components (PCs) were obtained, where six varimax factor (VF) of values more than 0.70 that considered strong loading are discussed. The possible pollution sources identified are of anthropogenic sources, mainly municipal waste, surface runoff, agricultural runoff, organic pollution and urban storm runoff. As a conclusion, the application of environmetric methods could reveal important information on the spatial variability of a large and complex river water quality data in order to control pollution sources.

Epiphytic diatoms and water quality in shallow lakes: the neutral substrate hypothesis revisited

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Cejudo-Figueiras ◽  
Irene Álvarez-Blanco ◽  
Eloy Bécares ◽  
Saúl Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
North West ◽  
Epiphytic Diatoms ◽  
Diatom Indices ◽  
Diatom Communities

For bioassessment of freshwaters, diatom indices have been mainly used in streams although their applicability in shallow lakes has been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of sampling substrata on periphytic diatom communities and on the ecological quality inferred from them has been paid little attention. In this paper, we test the ‘neutral substrate hypothesis’, which predicts no relevant influence of host plant type on their epiphytic community. Nineteen shallow permanent lakes from north-west Spain were studied and classified into three trophic levels. Epiphytic diatom communities growing on three different macrophytes for each trophic level were sampled and analysed. We assess: (1) which of the most common diatom indices provides a reliable water quality assessment, (2) how different plant substrata influence the diatom communities growing on them and (3) how these differences affect water quality assessment. Similarity tests showed significant differences in the composition of diatom assemblages among nutrient concentrations and host macrophytes. In contrast, ANOVA results for selected diatom-based metrics showed significant differences among trophic levels but not between different plant substrata. This supports the use of epiphytic diatoms as biological indicators for shallow lakes irrespective of the dominant macrophyte.

Spatial and Temporal variation analysis of water quality of Hemavathi River, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Santhosh K. M ◽  
S. Prashanth
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Origin Point

Urban development, agricultural runoff and industrialization have contributed pollution loading on the environment.  In this study Hemavathi river water from a stretch from its origin point to its sangama was studied for pollution load by determining parameters of water quality like pH, Alkalinity,  Ca, Mg, Nitrate, TDS, BOD, COD , and the results were compared with WHO and BIS standards to draw final conclusion on the quality of water.

Deterioration in the Water Quality of Groundwater in Some Municipal Water Extraction Plants in Finland

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Pertti Lahermo ◽  
Jouko Parviainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
The 1960S

In this study the changes in the quality of groundwater are described on the basis of material collected at some groundwater extraction plants situated mainly in urban areas. The causes of the marked increase in the content of dissolved solids are evaluated from the 1960s onwards.

Optimisation of coagulation and chlorination in drinking water treatment: laboratory and full-scale studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
N.D. Basson ◽  
C.F. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Quality Optimisation

The paper deals with laboratory and full-scale studies aimed at optimising treatment processes at the Balkfontein plant of Sedibeng Water in South Africa. The raw water is highly eutrophic and contains a large fraction of treated effluent from domestic and industrial sources as well as agricultural runoff. The eutrophic nature and changing raw water quality give rise to many operational difficulties and high treatment costs as well as problems with the final water quality. Optimisation of the coagulation and chlorination processes was seen as a cheaper solution to these problems than to install advanced processes such as ozonation and activated carbon adsorption that would add greatly to treatment costs. The laboratory studies indicated that through optimisation of coagulation-flocculation and by replacement of pre-chlorination by intermediate chlorination (after primary sedimentation) most of the treatment problems could be solved and final water of the required quality produced without a large increase in treatment costs.

Long Term Monitoring of the Macrobenthos of the Upper Clyde Estuary

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Faunal Density ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

The sublittoral macrobenthic invertebrate populations of the Upper Clyde Estuary are described. The estuary has a long history of organic pollution. The long term changes in species composition, faunal density and dominance patterns between 1974 and 1980 are presented. The fauna is dominated by brackish, pollution tolerant oligochaetes and polychaetes. Fluctuations in populations can be related to both seasonal variation in environmental conditions and long term improvements in water quality through a reduction in pollution loading to the estuary.

scholarly journals Diatom Algae-Indicators of Water Quality in the Lower Zarafshan River, Uzbekistan

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Sophia Barinova ◽  
Karomat Mamanazarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Mapping ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Toxicity Indices

This work is the first, the purpose of which was a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River using bioindication of water quality by diatoms based on species’ ecological preferences, pollution indices, statistics, and ecological mapping. A total of 198 species and subspecies of diatoms were first identified from 195 samples collected four times a year at six sites in the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River in 2009–2015. The richest species were Cymbella, Navicula, and Nitzschia. Pleurosira laevis, resistant to salinity, was first found in aquatic habitats in Uzbekistan. Bioindicators of nine environmental variables make up 91% of the list. Distribution analysis of variables, pollution indices (SLA—SládečDek index of saprobity), and toxicity indices (WESI—Water Ecosystem State Index) show increases in salinity, turbidity, and decreases in organic pollution downstream. The source of acidification can be the Navoi region. We found an increase in the ability to self-purify with an increase in species richness and abundance of diatoms in the lower part of Zarafshan. Thus, the ecosystem of the studied part of the river successfully copes with the incoming pollution from the middle part of Zarafshan and demonstrates some stability and successful self-purification with a water quality class of 2–3. The first studied lower reaches of the ecosystem of the Zarafshan River using bioindicators, statistics, and ecological mapping show that the problem of aridization in Central Asia does not necessarily lead to degradation of the river ecosystem and an increase in pollution, but with rational water use can improve water quality and self-purification processes. Hence, diatoms can be good indicators of river water quality in a semi-arid region and reflect the climate and anthropogenic load change. We recommend that attention be paid to nutrient and turbidity management and to expand state monitoring points to the lower part of the river up to the Karakul region.

scholarly journals Declining bacteria, lead, and sulphate, and rising pH and oxygen in the lower Mississippi River

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Eugene Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Mississippi River ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractVarious air and water pollution issues in the US were confronted in the last 60 years using national policy legislation, notably the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act. I examine changes in the concentrations of bacteria, oxygen, lead, and sulphate at the terminus of the Mississippi River before and after these pollution abatement efforts. Microbial concentrations increased or were stable from 1909 to 1980 but decreased about 3 orders of magnitude after the 1970s, while the average oxygen content increased. A large decline in lead concentration occurred after the 1960s, along with a less dramatic decline in sulphate concentrations. The pH of the river dropped to a low of 5.8 in 1965 as sulfur dioxide emissions peaked and averaged 8.2 in 2019 after emissions declined. Decades of efforts at a national scale created water quality improvements and are an example for addressing new and existing water quality challenges.

scholarly journals Perceived agricultural runoff impact on drinking water

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Crampton ◽  
Angela T. Ragusa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Agricultural Contaminants

Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural residents surrounded by agriculture, the link between agriculture and water quality is easy to make and thus informed decisions about water consumption are possible. Urban residents, however, are removed from agricultural activity and indeed drinking water sources. Urban and rural residents were interviewed to identify perceptions of agriculture's impact on drinking water. Rural residents thought agriculture could impact their water quality and, in many cases, actively avoided it, often preferring tank to surface water sources. Urban residents generally did not perceive agriculture to pose health risks to their drinking water. Although there are more agricultural contaminants recognised in the latest Australian Drinking Water Guidelines than previously, we argue this is insufficient to enhance consumer protection. Health authorities may better serve the public by improving their proactivity and providing communities and water utilities with the capacity to effectively monitor and address agricultural runoff.

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