scholarly journals Understanding multifunctional Bay of Fundy dykelands and tidal wetlands using ecosystem services—a baseline

FACETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1446-1473
Author(s):  
Kate Sherren ◽  
Kirsten Ellis ◽  
Julia A. Guimond ◽  
Barret Kurylyk ◽  
Nicole LeRoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Tidal Wetland ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cultural Amenities

We review what is known about ecosystem service (ES) delivery from agricultural dykelands and tidal wetlands around the dynamic Bay of Fundy in the face of climate change and sea-level rise, at the outset of the national NSERC ResNet project. Agricultural dykelands are areas of drained tidal wetland that have been converted to agricultural lands and protected using dykes and aboiteaux (one-way drains or sluices), first introduced by early French settlers (Acadians). Today, Nova Scotia’s 242 km system of dykes protect 17,364 ha of increasingly diverse land uses—including residential, industrial, and commercial uses as well as significant tourism, recreational, and cultural amenities—and is undergoing system modernization and adaptation. Different ES are provided by drained and undrained landscapes such as agriculture from dykelands and regulating services from wetlands, but more complex dynamics exist when beneficiaries are differentiated. This review reveals many knowledge gaps about ES delivery and dynamics, including around net greenhouse gas implications, storm protection, water quality, fish stocks, pollination processes, sense of place, and aesthetics, some of which may reveal shared ES or synergies instead of trade-offs. We emphasize the need to be open to adapting ES concepts and categorizations to fully understand Indigenous implications of these land use decisions.

Florida’s Endearing Manatees

Wild Capital ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
Assigned Value ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Commons

By assigning economic value to the manatee, the costs and benefits associated with conserving and protecting them and their habitat can more effectively compete in the marketplace. Just as the Endangered Species Act assigned value to social benefits or Eleanor Ostrom demonstrated how governing the commons could turn public goods into private ones, assessing the measurable benefits of a resource makes both environmental and economic sense. The manatee’s charisma, combined with a recognized economic value, has helped us maintain a better relationship with the species and moved the manatee and its habitat to the frontlines of Florida’s conservation agenda. Their increased numbers and expanding human fan base have made them the face for improving ecosystem biodiversity and water quality, as well as encouraging better land use decisions along Florida’s rapidly developing coastline. Effective branding by well-respected institutions like Save the Manatee Club and The Ocean Conservancy has made saving the manatee a cause that transcends the local and hopefully has made co-existing with the gentle giants in their habitat something each one of us will readily choose to do.

Analysis of Sustainable Development Path for Green Finance

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Hsu Chao Feng ◽  
Lee Bi Ru
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Market Society ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

The development of green finance is a global trend in the current era. At present, developing the green finance has been included as an important national development project by the Chinese government. With the rapid economic growth, the priorities or trade-offs between the economic development and the natural environment have also aroused different contradictions and problems. With the improvement of people's quality of life, they start to pay more attention to the pollution of the surrounding environment. Therefore, the government should properly intervene and propose effective measures, and green finance is an excellent tool to reconcile social economy and environmental protection and transform the physical investment, thus guiding the social resources towards the environmental protection industry and reaching an optimal interests allocation among the market, society, and government. Consequently, in the face of such a situation, it is necessary to propose a series of models and paths that suit the needs of the Chinese society and promote sustainable development.

Miss C——y’s Cabinet of Curiosities

The Closet ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 114-147
Author(s):  
Danielle Bobker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Partial Inclusion ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
Cabinet Of Curiosities

This chapter points out, according to Anthony Hamilton and Jonathan Swift, how closets can still represent the highly circumscribed sociability associated with the face-to-face exchange of handwritten manuscripts. It talks about the hundreds of books that are designated as closets or cabinets that had been published in Britain by the end of the eighteenth century. As the authors and editors of these printed closets and cabinets nervously underscored their own close connections to courtly closets, prayer closets, and elite cabinets of curiosity, they implicitly positioned their readers as illegitimate intruders or spies. The chapter also reviews the complex dynamics of partial inclusion that are directly addressed in a particularly self-reflexive instance. It emphasizes that the one-way mode of visual intimacy channeled the excitement and social disorientation that accompanied the increasing accessibility of knowledge in the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Sustainability in the Canadian Egg Industry—Learning from the Past, Navigating the Present, Planning for the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Pelletier ◽  
Maurice Doyon ◽  
Bruce Muirhead ◽  
Tina Widowski ◽  
Jodey Nurse-Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Face ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Societal Expectations ◽  
Management Changes

Like other livestock sectors, the Canadian egg industry has evolved substantially over time and will likely experience similarly significant change looking forward, with many of these changes determining the sustainability implications of and for the industry. Influencing factors include: technological and management changes at farm level and along the value chain resulting in greater production efficiencies and improved life cycle resource efficiency and environmental performance; a changing policy/regulatory environment; and shifts in societal expectations and associated market dynamics, including increased attention to animal welfare outcomes—especially in regard to changes in housing systems for laying hens. In the face of this change, effective decision-making is needed to ensure the sustainability of the Canadian egg industry. Attention both to lessons from the past and to the emerging challenges that will shape its future is required and multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives are needed to understand synergies and potential trade-offs between alternative courses of action across multiple aspects of sustainability. Here, we consider the past, present and potential futures for this industry through the lenses of environmental, institutional (i.e., regulatory), and socio-economic sustainability, with an emphasis on animal welfare as an important emergent social consideration. Our analysis identifies preferred pathways, potential pitfalls, and outstanding cross-disciplinary research questions.

scholarly journals Efficiency and thoroughness trade-offs in high-volume organisational routines: an ethnographic study of prescribing safety in primary care

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Grant ◽  
Bruce Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Organisational Routines ◽  
The Face ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Context Specific

BackgroundPrescribing is a high-volume primary care routine where both speed and attention to detail are required. One approach to examining how organisations approach quality and safety in the face of high workloads is Hollnagel’s Efficiency and Thoroughness Trade-Off (ETTO). Hollnagel argues that safety is aligned with thoroughness and that a choice is required between efficiency and thoroughness as it is not usually possible to maximise both. This study aimed to ethnographically examine the efficiency and thoroughness trade-offs made by different UK general practices in the achievement of prescribing safety.MethodsNon-participant observation was conducted of prescribing routines across eight purposively sampled UK general practices. Sixty-two semistructured interviews were also conducted with key practice staff alongside the analysis of relevant practice documents.ResultsThe eight practices in this study adopted different context-specific approaches to safely handling prescription requests by variably prioritising speed of processing by receptionists (efficiency) or general practitioner (GP) clinical judgement (thoroughness). While it was not possible to maximise both at the same time, practices situated themselves at various points on an efficiency-thoroughness spectrum where one approach was prioritised at particular stages of the routine. Both approaches carried strengths and risks, with thoroughness-focused approaches considered safer but more challenging to implement in practice due to GP workload issues. Most practices adopting efficiency-focused approaches did so out of necessity as a result of their high workload due to their patient population (eg, older, socioeconomically deprived).ConclusionsHollnagel’s ETTO presents a useful way for healthcare organisations to optimise their own high-volume processes through reflection on where they currently prioritise efficiency and thoroughness, the stages that are particularly risky and improved ways of balancing competing priorities.

Catastrophic Climate Change, Precaution, and the Risk/Risk Dilemma

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor M Fleurke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Regulatory Response ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Face

Whilst the seriousness of a given problem may call for immediate and targeted intervention, the ensuing uncertain impacts on other elements of inter-connected systems may be equally deleterious. Climate change is a prime example of such a risk/risk dilemma. The risk of inaction must be weighed against the risk of resorting to increasingly tempting responses to mitigate or adapt to the effects of climate change. The precautionary principle might offer some guidance in this risk/risk arena. Precaution is a tool to deal with uncertain risks without dictating outcomes. Although it is commonly associated with a negative regulatory tilt, it can also serve to warrant and mandate the use of, for example, a new technology or substance in order to reduce risks. This chapter explores the dilemma of risk/risk trade-offs in the face of potentially catastrophic climate change, and examines the contours of a precautionary regulatory response to such impasses.

Trade-offs, the allocation of reproductive effort, and the evolutionary psychology of human mating

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Gangestad ◽  
Jeffry A. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Special Design ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Human Mating ◽  
Genetic Fitness

This response reinforces several major themes in our target article: (a) the importance of sex-specific, within-sex variation in mating tactics; (b) the relevance of optimality thinking to understanding that variation; (c) the significance of special design for reconstructing evolutionary history; (d) the replicated findings that women's mating preferences vary across their menstrual cycle in ways revealing special design; and (e) the importance of applying market phenomena to understand the complex dynamics of mating. We also elaborate on three points: (1) Men who have indicators of genetic fitness may provide more direct benefits when female demand for extra-pair and short-term sex is very low; (2) both men and women track ecological cues to make mating decisions; and (3) more research on female orgasm is needed.

scholarly journals The nature of nurture in a wild mammal's fitness

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1806) ◽  
pp. 20142422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eryn McFarlane ◽  
Jamieson C. Gorrell ◽  
David W. Coltman ◽  
Murray M. Humphries ◽  
Stan Boutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Face ◽  
North American Red Squirrels

Genetic variation in fitness is required for the adaptive evolution of any trait but natural selection is thought to erode genetic variance in fitness. This paradox has motivated the search for mechanisms that might maintain a population's adaptive potential. Mothers make many contributions to the attributes of their developing offspring and these maternal effects can influence responses to natural selection if maternal effects are themselves heritable. Maternal genetic effects (MGEs) on fitness might, therefore, represent an underappreciated source of adaptive potential in wild populations. Here we used two decades of data from a pedigreed wild population of North American red squirrels to show that MGEs on offspring fitness increased the population's evolvability by over two orders of magnitude relative to expectations from direct genetic effects alone. MGEs are predicted to maintain more variation than direct genetic effects in the face of selection, but we also found evidence of maternal effect trade-offs. Mothers that raised high-fitness offspring in one environment raised low-fitness offspring in another environment. Such a fitness trade-off is expected to maintain maternal genetic variation in fitness, which provided additional capacity for adaptive evolution beyond that provided by direct genetic effects on fitness.

scholarly journals Tidal wetland resilience to sea level rise increases their carbon sequestration capacity in United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faming Wang ◽  
Xiaoliang Lu ◽  
Christian J. Sanders ◽  
Jianwu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Tidal Wetland ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios

AbstractCoastal wetlands are large reservoirs of soil carbon (C). However, the annual C accumulation rates contributing to the C storage in these systems have yet to be spatially estimated on a large scale. We synthesized C accumulation rate (CAR) in tidal wetlands of the conterminous United States (US), upscaled the CAR to national scale, and predicted trends based on climate change scenarios. Here, we show that the mean CAR is 161.8 ± 6 g Cm−2 yr−1, and the conterminous US tidal wetlands sequestrate 4.2–5.0 Tg C yr−1. Relative sea level rise (RSLR) largely regulates the CAR. The tidal wetland CAR is projected to increase in this century and continue their C sequestration capacity in all climate change scenarios, suggesting a strong resilience to sea level rise. These results serve as a baseline assessment of C accumulation in tidal wetlands of US, and indicate a significant C sink throughout this century.

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