PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM CROSSES OF SUBSTITUTION LINES OF COMMON WHEAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-821
Author(s):  
Sadeque U. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Quantitative Characters

The recipient variety 'Chinese Spring', chromosome substitution lines 1B of Timstein' and 4A of 'Thatcher', and donor varieties Timstein and Thatcher were studied with respect to six quantitative characters, viz. earliness, plant height, tiller number per plant, kernel number per spike, 1000-kernel weight and total grain yield per plant. Heterosis was observed for all characters; however, the degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrid populations. Evidence for significant improvement in kernel weight and total grain yield per plant combined with early heading and short plant height were obtained. Evidence was obtained indicating that substitution lines may be effective breeding materials in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs.

GENETIC ANALYSES OF CERTAIN CHARACTERS IN COMMON WHEAT USING WHOLE CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kuspira ◽  
John Unrau
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Winter Growth Habit

Three sets of substitution lines of the spring wheat variety Chinese with chromosomes from the donor varieties Thatcher, Hope and Timstein were used to study the genetics of awning, earliness, lodging, plant height, spike density, 1000-kernel weight and yield. The various substitution lines, each representing a genotype that differs from that of the recipient variety only with respect to the genes carried by the substituted chromosome, were studied in replicated field trials so that environmental effects on the character in question could be easily removed by appropriate analysis. This permitted a comparison of the genetic effects of individual chromosomes against the standard based on the performance of a population of like genotypes.Genes conditioning awning were associated with seven chromosomes. Studies of earliness indicated that time of heading is conditioned by (a) major genes that differentiate spring and winter growth habit, and (b) genes that modify the expression of growth habit genes to a greater or lesser extent. Differences in spike density among the lines were due to minor genes only; the same was true for plant height. Lodging, protein content, 1000-kernel weight and yield were found to be conditioned by polymeric or multiple genes on many chromosomes; the effects of these individual genes though small were not usually equal.Where a substituted chromosome brings about a significant departure in character expression from that of the recipient variety, a method is outlined whereby the number of genes on a particular chromosome can be determined. The merits of the substitution method are discussed, and it is concluded that it is valuable, and gives a high degree of precision in genetic studies of polyploid organisms and that under certain conditions its effectiveness is similar to that of the backcross method for incorporating characters controlled by one or two genes into a given line or variety.

HERITABILITY ESTIMATES AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN GRAIN SORGHUM, SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. L. Liang ◽  
T. L. Walter ◽  
C. D. Nickell ◽  
Y. O. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Head Weight

Heritability was estimated for 12 agronomic traits in two segregating grain sorghum populations in F3 and F4 generations by parent-offspring regression, parent-offspring correlation, and variance component methods. Half bloom, leaf number, and plant height were most heritable in both populations; head number was least heritable. Grain yield, head weight, kernel number, peduncle diameter, germination percentage, and threshing percentage had medium heritability values. Kernel weight and protein percentage were highly heritable in one population but less heritable in the other.Estimates of genetic correlations showed grain yield positively and strongly correlated with head weight, kernel number, half bloom, leaf number, and plant height, but negatively correlated with germination and protein percentages.Selection indexes constructed using various combinations demonstrated that selecting for yield could be more efficient if combinations other than or in addition to yield were utilized. Selection indexes were less effective in selecting for protein when protein was not included in the index.

scholarly journals Management of Leaf Blight (Bipolaris sorokiniana) Disease of Wheat with Cultural Practices

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
PCP Chaurasia ◽  
E Duveiller
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Late Sowing

An experiment was conducted at agronomy farm of Agriculture research Station, Tarahara,Nepal for three consecutive years viz 2000/2001,2001/2002, and 2002/2003 to evaluate theeffects of different cultural practices on leaf blight diseases of wheat caused by Bipolarissorokiniana under terai conditions. The experiment was conducted in factorial RandomizedComplete Block Design with four replications. Four factors, two wheat verities RR-21 andNepal 297,two number of irrigations (two and three irrigations), two doses of Nitrogen fertilizerviz. 60kg N/ha and 120 kg N/ha and two dates of sowing of wheat were examined. Differentyield components, grain yield (kg/plot) and disease severity were recorded to judge the effects ofthese factors on severity of leaf blight of wheat. Nepal Line 297 had significantly less AUDPCbased on flag leaf infection and whole plan as compared to RR-21. Number of irrigations had nosignificant effect on AUDPC, as there was frequent rain during experimental period. Doses ofNitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on AUDPC based on flag leaf infection. It was higher incase of 60 kg N/ha. The third week of November sowing of wheat had lower value of AUDPCas compared to December sowing. Plant height, panicle lengths were highly significantly higherin case of RR-21 as compared to Nepal-297. Thousand kernel weight, and grain yield kg/ha weresignificantly higher in Nepal-297. All agronomic parameters except thousand kernel weight andnumber of tillers/plan were significantly higher in 120kg N/ha. The third week of Novembersowing of wheat had less plant height and panicle length, higher thousand kernel weight andmore grain yield. Leaf blight severity was highly significantly less in case of Nepal-297. Dosesof Nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on plant height, panicle length, thousand kernelweight, percentage flag leaf infection and AUDPC based on flag leaf infection. Based on theresults of three years of experimentations, it can be concluded that Nepal-297 had less disease,number of irrigations had no effect on disease severity, higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer hadless flag infection and late sowing of wheat also had less disease. Numbers of irrigation's effectswere inconclusive as there were frequent rains during experimentation period. Based on aboveconclusion, it is recommended that growing wheat verity like Nepal-297, use of higher doses ofnitrogen fertilizer and sowing of wheat / first week of Dec help in minimizing the severity of leafblight. However late sowing had lowered grain yield.Key words: AUDPC; culture practices; disease management; leaf blightDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1870Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.63-69

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

scholarly journals Evaluation of agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability in some popular wheat genotypes cultivated in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al-Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Days To Maturity

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

scholarly journals Expected genetic gains from mono trait and indexbased selection in advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 9131-9141
Author(s):  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.

Effect of nitrogen and zinc on yield, protein content and quality of wheat in Egypt

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. M. Youssef ◽  
A. Y. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Linear Manner

SummaryGrain yield, plant height, spike length, grain weight per spike, 100-kernel weight, protein quantity and quality of Mexipak wheat grown with four rates of applied nitrogen (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg N/ha) and five rates of applied zinc (0, 1·25, 2·5, 5·0 and 7·5 kg Zn/ha) were measured. All these attributes were affected significantly by nitrogen fertilization in a linear manner. Differences among rates of applied zinc were significant for grain weight per spike, 100-kernel weight, grain yield and protein quantity and quality.

EPISTASIS IN GRAIN SORGHUM, SORGHUM BICOLOR

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870
Author(s):  
G. H. Liang ◽  
A. D. Dayton ◽  
T. L. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Bloom Date ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Epistasis, or interaction between nonallelic genes in grain sorghum (S. bicolor (L.) Moench), was estimated by comparing means of 20 balanced sets of single- and 3-way crosses. Each balanced set consisted of three single crosses and three 3-way crosses derived from three of the six parental varieties used. Results indicated that epistasis was present in nine sets for grain yield, in 13 sets for half-bloom date, and in 11 sets for plant height and for kernel weight. Epistasis seemingly fluctuates over years and locations. On the average, 3-way hybrids yielded less grain, flowered later, and were taller than the single-cross hybrids.

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