Beneficial effects of cod protein on skeletal muscle repair following injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junio Dort ◽  
Amélie Sirois ◽  
Nadine Leblanc ◽  
Claude H. Côté ◽  
Hélène Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Peanut Protein ◽  
Muscle Repair ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Mass Recovery

This study examined the effect of peanut and cod proteins on post-damage skeletal muscle repair, compared with casein. We hypothesized that because of their high arginine content, these proteins would improve the resolution of inflammation and muscle mass recovery following injury. One hundred and twenty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned to isoenergetic diets composed of casein and peanut (experiment 1) or cod protein (experiment 2). After 21 days of feeding, one tibialis anterior muscle (TA) was injured with bupivacaine, while the contralateral TA was injected with saline (sham muscle). Measurements were taken at days 0, 3, 14, and 24 post-injury. Compared with casein, peanut protein reduced muscle mass at days 0 (–12%, p = 0.005) and 14 post-injury in the injured muscle (–13%, p = 0.04), and lowered myofiber cross-sectional area in both the sham (–21%, p = 0.008) and injured muscles (–26%, p = 0.05) at day 24 post-injury, showing that peanut protein has a weak potential to support muscle growth. At day 14 post-injury, muscle mass in the sham (13%, p = 0.02) and injured muscles (12%, p = 0.01) was higher in cod-protein-fed rats, indicating better muscle mass recovery, than in casein-fed rats. Cod protein tended (p = 0.06) to decrease the density of neutrophils (–24%) at day 14 post-injury in the injured muscle, and to decrease the density of ED1+ macrophages at day 24 post-injury in both sham (–29%, p = 0.03) and injured (–40%, p = 0.01) muscles. No effects were observed for peanut protein. These data indicate that cod protein is better for promoting growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle after trauma, partly because of the improved resolution of inflammation.

scholarly journals The Maintenance of Muscle Mass Is Independent of Testosterone in Adult Male Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arik Davidyan ◽  
Keith Baar ◽  
Sue C. Bodine
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Physiological Serum

AbstractTestosterone is considered a potent anabolic agent in skeletal muscle with a well-established role in adolescent growth and development in males. However, alterations in the role of testosterone in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function throughout the lifespan has yet to be established. While some studies suggest that testosterone is important for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass, an understanding of the role this hormone plays in young, adult, and old males with normal and low serum testosterone levels is lacking. We investigated the role testosterone plays in the maintenance of muscle mass by examining the effect of orchiectomy-induced testosterone depletion in C57Bl6 male mice at ages ranging from early postnatal through old age; the age groups we used included 1.5-, 5-, 12-, and 24-month old mice. Following 28 days of testosterone depletion, we assessed mass and fiber cross-sectional-area (CSA) of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps muscles. In addition, we measured global rates of protein synthesis and degradation using the SuNSET method, western blots, and enzyme activity assays. 28 days of testosterone depletion resulted in smaller muscle mass in the two youngest cohorts but had no effect in the two older ones. Mean CSA decreased only in the youngest cohort and only in the tibialis anterior muscle. Testosterone depletion resulted in a general increase in proteasome activity at all ages. We did not detect changes in protein synthesis at the terminal time point. This data suggest that within physiological serum concentrations, testosterone is not important for the maintenance of muscle mass in mature male mice; however, in young mice testosterone is crucial for normal growth.

scholarly journals Maintenance of muscle mass in adult male mice is independent of testosterone

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0240278
Author(s):  
Arik Davidyan ◽  
Suraj Pathak ◽  
Keith Baar ◽  
Sue C. Bodine
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Physiological Serum

Testosterone is considered a potent anabolic agent in skeletal muscle with a well-established role in adolescent growth and development in males. However, the role of testosterone in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function throughout the lifespan has yet to be fully established. While some studies suggest that testosterone is important for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass, an understanding of the role this hormone plays in young, adult, and old males with normal and low serum testosterone levels is lacking. We investigated the role testosterone plays in the maintenance of muscle mass by examining the effect of orchiectomy-induced testosterone depletion in C57Bl6 male mice at ages ranging from early postnatal through old age (1.5-, 5-, 12-, and 24-month old mice). Following 28 days of testosterone depletion, we assessed mass and fiber cross-sectional-area (CSA) of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps muscles. In addition, we measured global rates of protein synthesis and degradation using the SuNSET method, western blots, and enzyme activity assays. Twenty-eight days of testosterone depletion resulted in reduced muscle mass in the two youngest cohorts, but had no effect in the two oldest cohorts. Mean CSA decreased only in the youngest cohort and only in the tibialis anterior muscle. Testosterone depletion resulted in a general increase in proteasome activity at all ages. No change in protein synthesis was detected at the terminal time point. These data suggest that within physiological serum concentrations, testosterone may not be critical for the maintenance of muscle mass in mature male mice; however, in young mice testosterone is crucial for normal growth.

Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and proteolysis in skeletal muscle repair after unloading

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (2) ◽  
pp. C307-C315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Andrianjafiniony ◽  
Sylvie Dupré-Aucouturier ◽  
Dominique Letexier ◽  
Harold Couchoux ◽  
Dominique Desplanches
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Muscle Repair ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mass Recovery

Although several lines of evidence link muscle-derived oxidants and inflammation to skeletal muscle wasting via regulation of apoptosis and proteolysis, little information is currently available on muscle repair. The present work was designed to study oxidative stress response, inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic, or proteolytic pathways during the early (1 and 5 days) and later (14 days) stages of the regrowth process subsequent to 14 days of hindlimb unloading. During the early stages of reloading, muscle mass recovery ( day 5) was facilitated by transcriptional downregulation ( day 1) of pathways involved in muscle proteolysis [μ-calpain, atrogin-1/muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), and muscle RING finger-1/(MuRF1) mRNA] and upregulation of an autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 ( day 5). At the same time, oxidative stress (glutathione vs. glutathione disulfide ratio, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities) remained still enhanced, whereas the increased uncoupling protein 3 gene expression recovered. Increased caspase-9 (mitochondrial-driven apoptosis) and decreased caspase-12 (sarcoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis) activation was also normalized at early stages ( day 5). Conversely, the receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway initiated by ligand-induced (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) binding and promoting the activation of caspase-8 remained elevated until 14 days. Our data suggest that at early stages, muscle repair is mediated via the modulation of mitochondrial-driven apoptosis and muscle proteolysis. Despite full muscle mass recovery, oxidative stress and TNF-α-mediated apoptotic pathway are still activated till later stages of muscle remodeling.

Estrogen status and skeletal muscle recovery from disuse atrophy

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 2012-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McClung ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
M. A. Wilson ◽  
E. C. Goldsmith ◽  
J. A. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Disuse Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Recovery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mass Recovery

Although estrogen loss can alter skeletal muscle recovery from disuse, the specific components of muscle regrowth that are estrogen sensitive have not been described. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the components of skeletal muscle mass recovery that are biological targets of estrogen. Intact, ovariectomized (OVX), and ovariectomized with 17β-estradiol replacement (OVX+E2) female rats were subjected to hindlimb suspension for 10 days and then returned to normal cage ambulation for the duration of recovery. Soleus muscle mass returned to control levels by day 7 of recovery in the intact animals, whereas OVX soleus mass did not recover until day 14. Intact rats recovered soleus mean myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) by day 14 of recovery, whereas the OVX soleus remained decreased (42%) at day 14. OVX mean fiber CSA did return to control levels by day 28 of recovery. The OVX+E2 treatment group recovered mean CSA at day 14, as in the intact animals. Myofibers demonstrating central nuclei were increased at day 14 in the OVX group, but not in intact or OVX+E2 animals. The percent noncontractile tissue was also increased 29% in OVX muscle at day 14, but not in either intact or OVX+E2 groups. In addition, collagen 1a mRNA was increased 45% in OVX muscle at day 14 of recovery. These results suggest that myofiber growth, myofiber regeneration, and extracellular matrix remodeling are estrogen-sensitive components of soleus muscle mass recovery from disuse atrophy.

Muscle growth, cell number, type and morphometry in single and twin fetal lambs during mid to late gestation

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. McCoard ◽  
W. C. McNabb ◽  
S. W. Peterson ◽  
S. N. McCutcheon ◽  
P. M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

Muscle growth, myofibre number, type and morphometry were studied in large hindlimb muscles of single and twin fetal lambs during mid to late gestation. Placental insufficiency, evident by lower total placentome weight and number per fetus, resulted in reduced fetal weights from 100 to 140 days gestation in twins compared with singletons (at 140 days: 5016 108 g v. 5750 246 g, respectively; P<0.05). However, competition between littermates did not consistently reduce muscle mass (15–22%) until 140 days gestation. Apparent myofibre number increased with age, indicating that the full complement of myofibres in some large hindlimb muscles may be achieved during early postnatal life. Litter size did not impact on apparent myofibre number in the semitendinosus, plantaris or gastrocnemius muscles. However, a transient effect on myofibre number in the adductor femoris muscle was observed from 80–120 days gestation. The phenotypic maturation of myofibres was unaffected by increasing litter size. Smaller muscle mass in twins was associated with smaller myofibre cross-sectional area in the semitendinosus, adductor femoris and gastrocnemius muscles at 140 days gestation. A similar trend was observed for the plantaris muscle. These results indicate that while competition between littermates for nutrients in late gestation can impact on both fetal and muscle mass, the fetus has the capacity to buffer against the effects of restricted nutrient supply on myofibre hyperplasia and phenotypic maturation, but myofibre hypertrophy is compromised.

scholarly journals Body composition and energy intake — skeletal muscle mass is the strongest predictor of food intake in obese adolescents: The HEARTY trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameason D. Cameron ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
Angela S. Alberga ◽  
Denis Prud’homme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Obese Adolescents

There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. 304 post-pubertal adolescents (91 boys, 213 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, fat mass (FM), and percentage body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3 day food records. Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p < 0.005). After adjusting the model for age, sex, height, and physical activity, only FFM (β = 21.9, p = 0.007) and skeletal muscle mass (β = 25.8, p = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of EI. FFM and skeletal muscle mass also predicted dietary protein and fat intake (p < 0.05), but not carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, with skeletal muscle mass being the best predictor of EI, our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of the body’s lean tissue is related to absolute levels of EI in a sample of inactive adolescents with obesity.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle mass recovery from atrophy in IL-6 knockout mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Washington ◽  
J. P. White ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
L. B. Wilson ◽  
L. L. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mass Recovery

scholarly journals Cutoff values for appendicular skeletal muscle mass and strength in relation to fear of falling among Brazilian older adults: cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio ◽  
Priscila Yukari Sewo Sampaio ◽  
Luz Albany Arcila Castaño ◽  
João Francisco Barbieri ◽  
Hélio José Coelho Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

scholarly journals Association between vitamin D deficiency and exercise capacity in patients with CKD, a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L Watson ◽  
Thomas J Wilkinson ◽  
Tom F O’Sullivan ◽  
Luke A Baker ◽  
Douglas W Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractEvidence is growing for a role of vitamin D in regulating skeletal muscle mass, strength and functional capacity. Given the role the kidneys play in activating total vitamin D, and the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), it is possible that deficiency contributes to the low levels of physical function and muscle mass in these patients. This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of previously published interventional study, with ex vivo follow up work. 34 CKD patients at stages G3b-5 (eGFR 25.5 ± 8.3ml/min/1.73m2; age 61 ± 12 years) were recruited, with a sub-group (n=20) also donating a muscle biopsy. Vitamin D and associated metabolites were analysed in plasma by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectroscopy and correlated to a range of physiological tests of muscle size, function, exercise capacity and body composition. The effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 supplementation on myogenesis and myotube size was investigated in primary skeletal muscle cells from vitamin D deficient donors. In vivo, there was no association between total or active vitamin D and muscle size or strength, but a significant correlation with was seen with the total form. Ex vivo, 1α,25(OH)2D3 supplementation reduced IL-6 mRNA expression, but had no effect upon proliferation, differentiation or myotube diameter. This early preliminary work suggests that vitamin D deficiency is not a prominent factor driving the loss of muscle mass in CKD, but may play a role in reduced exercise capacity.

scholarly journals Relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status with skeletal muscle mass by sex and age group among Korean adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jung Ko ◽  
Sungha Yun ◽  
Kyungwon Oh ◽  
Kirang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine whether high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with high skeletal muscle mass, taking into account the effects of sex and age among the participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) aged 40 years or older. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the 2009 to 2010 KNHANES; a total of 8406 subjects (3671 men and 4735 women) were included. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI, kg/m2) was estimated to measure the skeletal muscle mass. Hypovitaminosis was classified when the level of serum 25(OH)D was <20 ng/ml. The general linear model adjusted for confounding factors was used to determine differences in means of ASMMI by 25(OH)D status. The mean values of ASMMI were higher for men when compared with women. Women had a greater proportion of hypovitaminosis (71·1 %) compared with men (53·2 %). After adjusting for multiple factors, men were seen to have significant differences in ASMMI based on 25(OH)D status regardless of age, showing a lower mean value of ASSMI in those with hypovitaminosis. However, there was no difference in ASMMI by 25(OH)D status among women in both younger and older age groups. In conclusion, we found that there might be a positive relationship between 25(OH)D and skeletal muscle mass in men, indicating that interventions to improve 25(OH)D levels that are aimed at increasing muscle mass could be beneficial for men with more rapid decreased rate of skeletal muscle mass.

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