Validation of the Sensormedics (S2900Z) Metabolic Cart for Pediatric Exercise Testing

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viswanath B. Unnithan ◽  
John Wilson ◽  
Duncan Buchanan ◽  
Jamie A. Timmons ◽  
James Y. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Test System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Metabolic Cart ◽  
Douglas Bag ◽  
Minimal Evidence

The accuracy of many microprocessor controlled exercise testing systems has not been established, particularly for testing children. A metabolic cart (Sensormedics S2900Z) was validated against a reference system (Douglas bag) in children. The systems were tested using 10 active, healthy children (age 11.6 ± 2.3 yrs) during physiological steady state at two exercise intensities, submaximal walking and running. Eight children performed a high ventilatory flow (HVF) protocol, running for 11 min. All 10 performed a low ventilatory flow (LVF) protocol, walking for 11 min. In both, gas samples were measured after 6 to 7 and 10 to 11 min into the Douglas bag, and after 8 to 9 min by the test system. There was minimal evidence of bias for [Formula: see text] at either ventilation rate. Greater variability was noted for FeCO2 and [Formula: see text]. In conclusion, the Sensormedics S2900Z appears to be adequate for testing children. Key words: microprocessor, bias, ventilatory flows

Features in Families and Family Relationships

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1105-1108
Author(s):  
H. Niederhofer ◽  
W. Staffen ◽  
A. Mair
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Test System ◽  
Standardized Assessment ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Emotional Relationships ◽  
The Family

Standardized assessment of family features is not used routinely, although these factors may play an important role in the course of children's psychological disorders. The present study investigated the association among relationships within the families of 115 healthy children ( M = 8.2 yr., SD = 2.13; 70 boys, 45 girls). 115 mothers and fathers were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire assessing the family features (Familienklima-Testsystem by Schneewind, et al.) and another asking for their estimation of emotional relationships of the members of the family (Subjektives Familianbild-Test System by Mattejat). Analysis showed that the parents’ ratings indicated significantly more empathic fathers as well as significantly more autonomous mothers in well-organized, conflict-free families. Our results indicate an association between families’ organization and measured scores for fathers’ empathy and mothers’ autonomy. Sufficient intrafamilial communication is associated with roles of the parents within the family. Psychotherapeutic interventions might focus on the families’ organization.

Abstract 19492: Novel Assessment of Pulmonary and Systemic Pressures During Treadmill Testing via Implantable Telemetry in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Zinn ◽  
Rachel Novack ◽  
Amanda Fisher ◽  
Robert Presson ◽  
Dmitry Zaretsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Objectives: 1) To determine if pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) may be measured simultaneously with systemic blood pressures (BP) during exercise testing in laboratory rats using implantable telemetry; and 2) To determine the relationship of exercise intensity to acute PAP exercise responses over the course of PAH development. Methods: A specialized implantable transmitter (Data Sciences International); via telemetry following thoracotomy with right ventricular (RV) and abdominal aortic catheter positioning, respectively enabled simultaneous systolic, diastolic and mean PAP and BP recordings. Following recovery, an incremental treadmill test measured maximal aerobic capacity (VO 2 max) via analysis of expired gases. Steady state exercise testing was then performed for 3 different submaximal relative intensities: 50, 75, and 90% VO 2 max. Pressures were recorded during each test, as well as pre- and post- exercise. At 2.5 weeks following monocrotaline (MCT, 40 mg/kg) administration (mild PH) and 7 weeks post-MCT (advanced PH), VO 2 max and steady-state exercise tests were repeated. Results: Compared to pre-MCT, at 2.5 weeks post-MCT systolic PAP increased from 25 to 41 mmHg at rest; from 105 to 117 mmHg at peak exercise; and from 40 to 58 mmHg, 46 to 65 mmHg, and 55 to 75 mmHg during running at 50, 75, and 90% VO 2 max, respectively. At 7 weeks post-MCT, PAP further increased at rest (to 59 mmHg), and during steady state running (to 69, 70, and 73 mmHg, at 50, 75, and 90% VO 2 max, respectively). During recovery from steady state exercise, the fall in PAP occurred more rapidly post-MCT, bringing PAP to even lower than resting from 10 min to 2h into recovery. Conclusions: Using implantable telemetry we have accomplished dual pressure recordings during serial exercise tests before and after PAH induction. The rise in PAP relative to exercise intensity is steeper in PAH but is accompanied by a post-exercise window of normalized PAP, which may be attributed to pronounced acute pulmonary endothelial activation. Future work will investigate how these acute effects translate to wall stress and RV remodeling with chronic exercise training and may allow for optimized exercise prescription for patients affected with PAH.

scholarly journals Stability of Power Grids: State-of-the-art and Future Trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Nikita Tomin ◽  
Daniil Panasetsky ◽  
Alexey Iskakov
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Lyapunov Function ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Test System ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
Small Signal Stability ◽  
Signal Stability

The state of the art of transient stability and steady-state (small signal) stability in power grids are reviewed. Transient stability concepts are illustrated with simple examples; in particular, we consider two machine learning-based methods for computing region of attraction: ROA produced by Neural Network Lyapunov Function; estimation of the ROA of IEEE 39-bus system using Gaussian process and Converse Lyapunov function. We discuss steady state stability in power systems, and using Prony’s modal analysis for evaluating small signal stability for the 7 Bus Test system and real French power system.

Race And Gender Differences During Exercise Testing Using The James Protocol In Healthy Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S235
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Knecht ◽  
Wayne A. Mays ◽  
Yvette M. Forment ◽  
Randal P. Claytor ◽  
Timothy K. Knilans
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Memory test system for piston steady-state temperature measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
Hui Dai ◽  
Ronghua Huang ◽  
Guiquan Li ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Test System ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Steady State Temperature

Steady state high power test system at 3.7 GHz

2001 ◽  
Vol 56-57 ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bora ◽  
S Dani ◽  
S Gangopadhyay ◽  
B Jadav ◽  
M Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
High Power ◽  
Test System ◽  
Power Test

scholarly journals New kids on the CPET: age-appropriate outdoor cardiopulmonary exercise testing in preschoolers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Rottermann ◽  
Annika Weigelt ◽  
Tim Stäbler ◽  
Benedikt Ehrlich ◽  
Sven Dittrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Bruce Protocol ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Age Appropriate

Abstract Purpose Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in preschoolers (4–6 years) represents a challenge. Most studies investigating CPET have been limited to older children (> 8 year). However, knowledge of the performance of small children is essential for evaluating their cardiorespiratory fitness. This study strives to compare a modified Bruce protocol with a new age-appropriate incremental CPET during natural movement running outdoors, using a mobile device. Methods A group of 22 4–6-year-old healthy children was tested indoor on a treadmill (TM) using the modified Bruce protocol. The results were compared with a self-paced incremental running test, using a mobile CPET device in an outdoor park. The speeds were described as (1) slow walking, (2) slow running, (3) regular running, and (4) running with full speed as long as possible. Results Mean exercise time outdoors (6,57 min) was significantly shorter than on the treadmill (11,20 min), $$\dot{V}{O}_{2peak}$$ V ˙ O 2 p e a k (51.1 ml/min/kg vs. 40.1 ml/min/kg), RER (1.1 vs. 0.98) and important CPET parameters such as $$\dot{V}E$$ V ˙ E max, O2pulse, heart rate and breath rate were significantly higher outdoors. The submaximal parameter OUES was comparable between both the tests. Conclusions Testing very young children with a mobile device is a new alternative to treadmill testing. With a significantly shorter test duration, significantly higher values for almost all cardiopulmonary variables can be achieved without losing the ability to determine VT1 and VT2. It avoids common treadmill problems and allows for individualized exercise testing. The aim is to standardize exercise times with individual protocols instead of standardizing protocols with individual exercise times, allowing for better comparability.

EVALUATION OF AN AUTOMATED METABOLIC CART COMPARED TO DOUGLAS BAG MEASUREMENT OF VO2

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S302
Author(s):  
M. G. Cullum ◽  
H. Welch ◽  
J. W. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Cart ◽  
Douglas Bag

Quantitative use of weak bases for estimation of cellular pH gradients

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (3) ◽  
pp. C418-C422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Montrose ◽  
G. A. Kimmich
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Steady State Distribution ◽  
State Distribution ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Usual Procedure ◽  
Weak Bases

An improvement in the usual procedure for estimating cellular H+ gradients by distribution of weak bases is described, which involves evaluation of and correction for the permeability of the ionic form of the sensor. In the case of methylamine, unidirectional uptake (influx) of the methylammonium ion is calculated by comparing the total influx of [14C]methylamine with the influx of the highly permeant ion [14C]tetraphenyl-phosphonium ([14C]TPP+) for two experimental situations in which the membrane potential differs. Comparison of the potential-dependent changes in unidirectional influx of methylamine and TPP+ allows calculation of the magnitude of influx for the methylammonium ion. This value can then be used to determine the error in the H+ gradient as estimated from the steady-state distribution of methylamine across the plasma membrane. By using ATP-depleted isolated small intestine cells from the chick as the test system, and imposed H+ gradients of defined magnitude, it can be shown that the observed error matches the calculated error.

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