Physiological Correlates of Simulated Wheelchair Racing in Trained Quadriplegics

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagesh N. Bhambhani ◽  
Robert S. Burnham ◽  
Gary D. Wheeler ◽  
Peter Eriksson ◽  
Leona J. Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Key Words Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Lesion Level

This study examined the physiological responses during a 7.5-km simulated wheelchair race (SR) performed on rollers by 8 male quadriplegic marathon racers and analyzed the factors associated with SR time. Cardiac output (Q) was estimated during the SR using carbon dioxide rebreathing, from which stroke volume (SV) and [Formula: see text] were calculated. Subjects raced at 90 and 93% of peak oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] and peak heart rate, respectively. SR time was inversely related (p < 0.05) to peak [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], Q, and SV during the SR, but not [Formula: see text], age, and lesion level. Multiple regression analysis included only absolute SR [Formula: see text] in the equation to predict SR time: Y = −29.7X + 65.9; SE = 5.8. SR [Formula: see text] was significantly (p < 0.05) related to Q and SV but not to [Formula: see text]. These descriptive data suggest that SR performance in trained male quadriplegics might be limited by central, as opposed to peripheral, factors that determine [Formula: see text]. Key words: oxygen uptake, cardiac output, spinal cord injury

Verification phase as a useful tool in the determination of the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Sean Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion

This study investigated the utility of a verification phase for increasing confidence that a “true” maximal oxygen uptake had been elicited in 16 male distance runners (mean age (±SD), 38.7  (± 7.5 y)) during an incremental treadmill running test continued to volitional exhaustion. After the incremental test subjects performed a 10 min recovery walk and a verification phase performed to volitional exhaustion at a running speed 0.5 km·h–1 higher than that attained during the last completed stage of the incremental phase. Verification criteria were a verification phase peak oxygen uptake ≤ 2% higher than the incremental phase value and peak heart rate values within 2 beats·min–1 of each other. Of the 32 tests, 26 satisfied the oxygen uptake verification criterion and 23 satisfied the heart rate verification criterion. Peak heart rate was lower (p = 0.001) during the verification phase than during the incremental phase, suggesting that the verification protocol was inadequate in eliciting maximal values in some runners. This was further supported by the fact that 7 tests exhibited peak oxygen uptake values over 100 mL·min–1 (≥ 3%) lower than the peak values attained in the incremental phase. Further research is required to improve the verification procedure before its utility can be confirmed.

scholarly journals Predicting Peak Oxygen Uptake From Submaximal Exercise After Spinal Cord Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek ◽  
Jason S. Au ◽  
Adrienne L. Hol ◽  
Janice J. Eng ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Cord Injury

Aerobic interval training increases peak oxygen uptake more than usual care exercise training in myocardial infarction patients: a randomized controlled study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Moholdt ◽  
Inger Lise Aamot ◽  
Ingrid Granøien ◽  
Lisbeth Gjerde ◽  
Gitte Myklebust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Aerobic Interval Training

Objective: Exercise capacity strongly predicts survival and aerobic interval training (AIT) increases peak oxygen uptake effectively in cardiac patients. Usual care in Norway provides exercise training at the hospitals following myocardial infarction (MI), but the effect and actual intensity of these rehabilitation programmes are unknown. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Hospital cardiac rehabilitation. Subjects: One hundred and seven patients, recruited two to 12 weeks after MI, were randomized to usual care rehabilitation or treadmill AIT. Interventions: Usual care aerobic group exercise training or treadmill AIT as 4 × 4 minutes intervals at 85–95% of peak heart rate. Twice weekly exercise training for 12 weeks. Main measures: The primary outcome measure was peak oxygen uptake. Secondary outcome measures were endothelial function, blood markers of cardiovascular disease, quality of life, resting heart rate, and heart rate recovery. Results: Eighty-nine patients (74 men, 15 women, 57.4 ± 9.5 years) completed the programme. Peak oxygen uptake increased more ( P = 0.002) after AIT (from 31.6 ± 5.8 to 36.2 ± 8.6 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.001) than after usual care rehabilitation (from 32.2 ± 6.7 to 34.7 ± 7.9 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.001). The AIT group exercised with significantly higher intensity in the intervals compared to the highest intensity in the usual care group (87.3 ± 3.9% versus 78.7 ± 7.2% of peak heart rate, respectively, P < 0.001). Both programmes increased endothelial function, serum adiponectin, and quality of life, and reduced serum ferritin and resting heart rate. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased only after AIT. Conclusions: AIT increased peak oxygen uptake more than the usual care rehabilitation provided to MI patients by Norwegian hospitals.

Differential effects of age and type 2 diabetes on dynamic vs. peak response of pulmonary oxygen uptake during exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn O'Connor ◽  
Simon Green ◽  
Catherine Kiely ◽  
Donal O'Shea ◽  
Mikel Egaña
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vascular Conductance

We investigated if the magnitude of the type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced impairments in peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2) and V̇o2 kinetics was affected by age. Thirty-three men with T2D (15 middle-aged, 18 older), and 21 nondiabetic (ND) men (11 middle-aged, 10 older) matched by age were recruited. Participants completed four 6-min bouts of constant-load cycling at 80% ventilatory threshold for the determination of V̇o2 kinetics. Cardiac output (inert-gas rebreathing) was recorded at rest and 30 and 240 s during two additional bouts. Peak V̇o2 (determined from a separate graded test) was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in middle-aged and older men with T2D compared with their respective ND counterparts (middle-aged, 3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5 l/min; older, 2.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.4 ± 0.4 l/min), and the magnitude of these impairments was not affected by age. However, the time constant of phase II of the V̇o2 response was only slowed ( P < 0.05) in middle-aged men with T2D compared with healthy counterparts, whereas it was similar among older men with and without T2D (middle-aged, 26.8 ± 9.3 vs. 41.6 ± 12.1 s; older, 40.5 ± 7.8 vs. 41.1 ± 8.5 s). Similarly, the “gains” in systemic vascular conductance (estimated from the slope between cardiac output and mean arterial pressure responses) were lower ( P < 0.05) in middle-aged men with T2D than ND controls, but similar between the older groups. The results suggest that the mechanisms by which T2D induces significant reductions in peak exercise performance are linked to a slower dynamic response of V̇o2 and reduced systemic vascular conductance responses in middle-aged men, whereas this is not the case in older men.

Cardio-respiratory and metabolic responses to different levels of compression during submaximal exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sperlich ◽  
M Haegele ◽  
M Krüger ◽  
T Schiffer ◽  
H-C Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Different Levels

Objective The effects of knee-high socks that applied different levels of compression (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mmHg) on various cardio-respiratory and metabolic parameters during submaximal running were analysed. Methods Fifteen well-trained, male endurance athletes (age: 22.2 ± 1.3 years; peak oxygen uptake: 57.2 ± 4.0 mL/minute/kg) performed a ramp test to determine peak oxygen uptake. Thereafter, all athletes carried out five periods of submaximal running (at approximately 70% of peak oxygen uptake) with and without compression socks that applied the different levels of pressure. Cardiac output and index, stroke volume, arterio-venous difference in oxygen saturation, oxygen uptake, arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate and blood lactate were monitored before and during all of these tests. Results Cardiac output ( P = 0.29) and index ( P = 0.27), stroke volume ( P = 0.50), arterio-venous difference in oxygen saturation ( P = 0.11), oxygen uptake ( P = 1.00), arterial oxygen saturation ( P = 1.00), heart rate ( P = 1.00) and arterial lactate concentration ( P = 1.00) were unaffected by compression (effect sizes = 0.00–0.65). Conclusion This first evaluation of the potential effects of increasing levels of compression on cardio-respiratory and metabolic parameters during submaximal exercise revealed no effects whatsoever.

scholarly journals Peak Oxygen Uptake and Respiratory Function in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury.

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamasaki ◽  
Takashi Komura ◽  
Yasuaki Tahara ◽  
Kumiko Katsuno ◽  
Yumiko Fukuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Epicardial adipose tissue is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and hemodynamics among Japanese individuals of various ages and of both sexes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254733
Author(s):  
Yousuke Sugita ◽  
Katsuhiko Ito ◽  
Shigeki Sakurai ◽  
Satoshi Sakai ◽  
Shinya Kuno
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume

Epicardial adipose tissue may affect hemodynamics and cardiorespiratory fitness as it is a metabolically active visceral adipose tissue and a source of inflammatory bioactive substances that can substantially modulate cardiovascular morphology and function. However, the associations between epicardial adipose tissue and hemodynamics and cardiorespiratory fitness remain unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between epicardial adipose tissue volume and hemodynamics, and cardiorespiratory fitness among Japanese individuals of various ages and of both sexes. Epicardial adipose tissue volume was measured in 120 participants (age, 21–85 years) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. To evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, peak oxygen uptake was measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Peak cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference were calculated by impedance cardiography. The epicardial adipose tissue volume was significantly increased in middle-aged and older women. The epicardial adipose tissue volume was significantly and negatively correlated to peak cardiac output and peak oxygen uptake, regardless of age and sex; furthermore, epicardial adipose tissue showed a strong negative correlation with peak heart rate. Epicardial adipose tissue and peak cardiac output were significantly associated (β = -0.359, 95% confidence interval, -0.119 to -0.049, p < 0.001), even after multivariate adjustment (R2 = 0.778). However, in the multiple regression analysis with peak oxygen uptake as a dependent variable, the epicardial adipose tissue volume was not an independent predictor. These data suggest that increased epicardial adipose tissue volume may be correlated with decreased peak oxygen uptake, which might have mediated the abnormal hemodynamics among Japanese people of various ages and of both sexes. Interventions targeting epicardial adipose tissue could potentially improve hemodynamics and cardiorespiratory fitness.

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