IMMERSION REFRACTOMETRY OF SOME HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

The solid content of several halophilic bacteria was estimated by immersion refractometry. Values for extreme halophiles ranged from 28 to 32%, and for moderate halophiles from 31 to 45%. The solid content of these organisms changed with variation in the salt content of the environment. It is thought that these differences are the result of changes in the water content of the cell. Spheres (spheroplasts) had a slightly lower solid content than the parent rods. Nuclear and other inclusion bodies, mostly of lower refractive index than the cytoplasm, were noted.

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Light microscopy of ceramics

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010015037x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 908-909

Author(s):

Walter C. McCrone

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Light Microscope ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Refractive Indices ◽

Complete Coverage ◽

The Subject ◽

Lower Refractive Index

An excellent chapter on this subject by V.D. Fréchette appeared in a book edited by L.L. Hench and R.W. Gould in 1971 (1). That chapter with the references cited there provides a very complete coverage of the subject. I will add a more complete coverage of an important polarized light microscope (PLM) technique developed more recently (2). Dispersion staining is based on refractive index and its variation with wavelength (dispersion of index). A particle of, say almandite, a garnet, has refractive indices of nF = 1.789 nm, nD = 1.780 nm and nC = 1.775 nm. A Cargille refractive index liquid having nD = 1.780 nm will have nF = 1.810 and nC = 1.768 nm. Almandite grains will disappear in that liquid when observed with a beam of 589 nm light (D-line), but it will have a lower refractive index than that liquid with 486 nm light (F-line), and a higher index than that liquid with 656 nm light (C-line).

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PENGOLAHAN WADI IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus) PROSES CEPAT DAN TIDAK ASIN

ZIRAA'AH MAJALAH ILMIAH PERTANIAN ◽

10.31602/zmip.v46i3.5364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

Restu Yuda Bakrie

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Protein Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Salt Content ◽

Fat Content ◽

Traditional Food ◽

Fish Meat ◽

Fermented Product

This study aims to determine processing of wadi patin fish (Pangasiu hypophthalmus) quick process and not salty, It is a fermented product from fish, in the form of a wet material through a salting process, the addition of spices then followed by fermentation for several days until it produces an aroma and taste. This traditional food is the result of fermentation assisted by synergistic microorganisms, namely lactic acid bacteria. The results of the study by washing fish after the salting process were able to accelerate fermentation from 7 days to 3 days. The best treatment is to wash the fish meat twice after the salting process. the specifications of the resulting wadi are as follows: protein content = 18.64%; salt content = 0.79%; Water content = 58.65%; Fat content = 3.29%; total microbes (LAB) 6.5x104; organoleptic value (taste) = 7.55.

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Образование акцепторных центров в CdHgTe под воздействием воды и термообработок

Физика и техника полупроводников ◽

10.21883/ftp.2021.04.50734.9560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 331

Author(s):

Г.Ю. Сидоров ◽

Ю.Г. Сидоров ◽

В.А. Швец ◽

В.С. Варавин

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Epitaxial Films ◽

Heat Treatments ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Native Oxide ◽

Water Medium ◽

Native Oxide Layer ◽

Formation Heat ◽

Lower Refractive Index

Influence storage and boiling in deionized water and heat treatments of epitaxial films CdxHg1-xTe on the Hall and ellipsometric parametres is investigated. Water treatment reduces refractive index of native CdxHg1-xTe oxide from 2.1 to 1.2-1.4. It means that matter with a lower refractive index, such as water, is introduced in the oxide. Boiling in water leads to formation of acceptors in CdxHg1-xTe with concentrations up to 1019 cm-3. Change of medium’s pH from alkaline to the acidic decreases the speed of acceptors formation. Heat treatments after storage in water also leads to formation of acceptors. The conclusion is made, that water medium or water absorbed by native oxide layer leads to formation of acceptors in CdxHg1-xTe. Concentration of acceptors grows with temperature of treatments and quantity of accessible water.

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Design of Monitoring System for Salt Concentration in Milkfish Ponds using Android

Jurnal Jartel Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi ◽

10.33795/jartel.v9i2.208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

Nuzlya Ramadhana

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Content ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Salt Concentration ◽

Sea Water ◽

Salt Content ◽

Temperature Sensors ◽

Fish Mortality ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

Ph Sensors

In the cultivation of milkfish, water quality is very concerned about in order to minimize fish mortality when cultivated. Several important factors in the cultivation of milkfish are the level of salt content in the water, temperature and pH. Currently, farmers monitor water quality manually by coming directly to see water quality. If there are dead fish, the cultivator will replace the new water. This will have an impact on fish production which will decrease. The milkfish pond uses brackish water for pond waters. The salt content is between the sea water content and the fresh water content. The grade level may change from season to season. This change is due to biological processes that occur in these waters as well as the interaction between pond waters and the surrounding environment. The results showed that the results of the design of the salt concentration monitoring system in the milkfish ponds that have been carried out using Arduino Uno, conductivity sensors, pH sensors, temperature sensors, wifi modules, Mi-Fi and Smartphones to access android applications. The results of testing the microcontroller functionality that have been made are in accordance with the design and are running well. The system designed to transmit information in the form of salinity values, pH sensors, temperature sensors and TDS values ??with sensor accuracy that is linear with measurement results using conventional measuring instruments with the highest error values ??of 1.3%, 2.06%, 0.702% and 1.5 respectively. %.

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Average refractive index of tendon as a function of water content

Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering ◽

10.18287/jbpe18.04.010302 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 010302 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marina Shvachkina ◽

Dmitry Yakovlev ◽

Alexander Pravdin ◽

Dmitry Yakovlev

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Water Content ◽

Average Refractive Index

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Controlling Thermoplastic Elastomer Optical Properties by Mechanical Processing

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2019.19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (23) ◽

pp. 1341-1347 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margaret Campbell ◽

Paramjot Singh ◽

Kunal Kate ◽

Cindy K. Harnett

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Optical Transmission ◽

Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽

Mechanical Processing ◽

Sensor Signal ◽

Extrusion Speed ◽

The Core ◽

Lower Refractive Index ◽

Urethane Elastomer

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that the extrusion speed of thermoplastic urethane elastomer can modify its optical transmission by a factor of more than 100. Varying extrusion speed at constant temperature may tune optical properties along the axis of a filament, for example creating absorbent regions that are sensitive to length and diameter changes, surrounded by more transmissive segments that carry the sensor signal over long distances. Such waveguiding in a stretchable optical fiber requires a stretchable cladding with lower refractive index than the core. In experiments toward a rugged, stretchable fiber cladding, we investigated whether solvents could modify the outer structure of the filaments. Soaking the filaments in NMP (n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), then stretching the filaments while the solvent dried, turned out to modify the filaments in a way that solvents alone did not, creating porosity and reducing the appearance of optical clarity.

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Physical Processes in Temperate Glaciers

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/s002214300003149x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 16 (74) ◽

pp. 151-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

L. Lliboutry

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Water Content ◽

Past History ◽

Salt Content ◽

Physical Processes ◽

The Past ◽

Glacier Ice ◽

History Of

AbstractIn a temperate glacier ice the water content results from the past history of the ice, and the temperature adjusts itself to the appropriate value. Results obtained by the Laboratoire de Glaciologie are summarized. Several facts seem to prove some migration of the liquid phase and a coalescence of liquid inclusions. The enthalpy flux is calculated, but it cannot be proved that a spontaneous gathering together of liquid inclusions could occur. The water-rich, small grain-size layers should come from the lowering of the viscosity when the water content increases, as discovered by Duval. The form of Weertman’s sliding law without cavitation can be derived from simple dimensional considerations. Numerically, it cannot account for high sliding velocities, for which subglacial cavitation must be introduced. The cavities are infilled with more stagnant regelation ice than water. Two subglacial hydraulic regimes are distinguished: autonomous and interconnected. The effect which the salt content may have on cavitation is estimated.

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In vivo MR Measurement of Refractive Index, Relative Water Content and T2 Relaxation time of Various Brain lesions With Clinical Application to Discriminate Brain Lesions

The Internet Journal of Radiology ◽

10.5580/1483 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Relaxation Time ◽

Water Content ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

T2 Relaxation Time ◽

T2 Relaxation ◽

Relative Water

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EFFECTS OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM CHLORIDE ON CERTAIN ENZYMES OF MICROCOCCUS HALODENITRIFICANS AND PSEUDOMONAS SALINARIA

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m56-072 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 599-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

R. M. Baxter ◽

N. E. Gibbons

Keyword(s):

Potassium Chloride ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase ◽

Salt Content ◽

Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽

Extreme Halophile ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Moderate Halophile ◽

Extreme Halophiles ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Sodium And Potassium

The isocitric, succinic, malic, and lactic dehydrogenases and cytochrome oxidase from Pseudomonas salinaria, an extreme halophile, are most active in high concentrations of sodium or potassium chloride. The lactic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase of Micrococcus halodenitrificans are also more active at high concentrations of salt, but the isocitric, succinic, malic, α-ketoglutaric, and glutamic dehydrogenases of this moderate halophile are most active at much lower concentrations. It is concluded that the extreme halophiles have a high intracellular salt content. It is suggested that M. halodenitrificans maintains an intracellular salt concentration of about 0.5 M under optimal conditions for growth and that cytochrome oxidase is important in maintaining this level against a concentration gradient.

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