Cellulolytic activity in municipal solid waste composting

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Stutzenberger ◽  
A. J. Kaufman ◽  
R. D. Lossin
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Ph Values

A study was made of the open windrow method of municipal solid waste composting as related to those factors that might influence cellulose decomposition. Composting temperatures reached a maximum (55–65 °C) at 3 weeks and then gradually decreased during the rest of the 49-day process. The pH values of compost samples homogenized in distilled water decreased slightly during the initial stages of the process and then increased gradually to final values of 7.0–8.5. Clarified compost extracts were assayed for cellulase activity by measuring the hydrolysis rate of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Maximal cellulase activity occurred at 65 °C, pH 6.0, with a CMC concentration of 2.5%. The cellulase activity of compost increased 10-fold at a logarithmic rate while the cellulose content decreased 50%. In a preliminary search for microorganisms active in cellulose degradation during the composting process, three cellulolytic species were isolated; these were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, a Bacillus species, and a Thermoactinomyces species of the Actinobifida group.

Bioenergy II: Bio-Ethanol from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): The Role of Biomass Properties and Structures During the Ethanol Conversion Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiduan Li ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Promising Source

The emerging biofuel industry demands large amount of biomass feedstock. Although commercial ethanol has been produced from primary biomass sources such as corns, the global food crisis caused by the use of primary biomass has been raised. Thus, lignocellulosic biomass, known as second generation of biomass, has become a promising source for ethanol production. However, the more complex structure requires more advance technology. MSW with more than 60% of biodegradable composition, as one of the promising biomass sources has the potential benefits of replacing primary biomass and preventing environment from MSW pollution.In this paper, three major biodegradable municipal solid waste (BMSW) components: kitchen organic waste (KOW), green organic waste (GOW) and paper and card waste (PCW), are classified and characterised according to substrate composition, cellulose crystallinity, bulk density and particle size. The substrate composition indicates how much cellulose, lignin, hermicellulose each model waste has. The cellulose content shows the potential glucose/ethanol product yield. Other chemical composition such as lignin and hemicellulose indicates how easy of each model waste can be converted. These contents are also important information when selecting pretreatment methods and conversion process conditions in the following steps.Based on the comprehensive understanding of biomass structures and compositions, studies look into the effects of substrate properties (such crystallinity, presence of lignin and cellulose content on process performances during enzymatic hydrolysis adsorption. Results indicated how the adsorption process is affected by the substrate properties. This provides understanding of the role of substrate properties during enzyme-cellulose adsorption.

scholarly journals The Evaluation System of the Sustainable Development of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills and Its Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Hailong Liu ◽  
Xiang Luo ◽  
Xingyao Jiang ◽  
Chunyi Cui ◽  
Zhen Huyan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Stabilization Process ◽  
The Evaluation System

Improving the understanding of the stabilization process is of great significance to guide the sustainable development of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. An evaluation system of the stabilization process of MSW landfills has been established. The indices of the evaluation system involve the degradation degree of MSW, the release of landfill gas production potential, and the settlement of landfills. Based on the biochemical-consolidation-solute migration coupled model, an evaluation method of the MSW landfill stabilization process is proposed by combining field tests with numerical simulation. The stabilization process of the Jiangcungou landfill in China is investigated by using the proposed method. The analyzed results show that the stabilization process of high kitchen waste content landfills can be divided into three stages, which is different from the stabilization process of landfills in developed countries. For the Jiangcungou landfill, the ratio of cellulose to lignin in MSW decreases rapidly during the fast degradation stage when obvious settlement occurs. During the slow degradation stage, the hydrolysis rate is slow and settlement develops slowly. When the landfill reaches the stabilization stage, the ratio of cellulose to lignin of MSW changes very slowly; most of the landfill gas potential has been released; the settlement stabilization is completed basically. The change processes of the three evaluation indices are different, of which the degradation stabilization index is the main one. According to the findings above, leachate recirculation is recommended to adjust the degradation environment in the landfill, which can be helpful to avoid acidification at the fast degradation stage. Temporary cover is suggested to improve landfill gas collection efficiency at the beginning of the stable methanogenic stage. The landfill site closure should be operated when the settlement rate is low.

Relationships between food, phylogeny, and cellulose digestion in the Bivalvia

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Crosby ◽  
Robert G. B. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cellulose Film ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Cellulose Substrate ◽  
High Cellulose

The distribution of cellulase in the class Bivalvia is studied with respect to phylogenetic position, feeding category, and food. Cellulase activity in nine species is measured turbidimetrically using reprecipitated cellulase substrate, colorimetrically using methyl cellulose substrate, and histochemically with methyl cellulose film. Cellulolytic activity in these animals generally corresponds to the level of cellulose in the food. Those animals feeding on particles with a high cellulose content have high cellulase levels, while those organisms feeding on epiorganisms, diatoms, or phytoplankton with low cellulose content have low cellulase levels. The Gastrotriteia may have characteristically higher endogenous cellulase levels than the other major groups and certain genera may have characteristically low cellulase activity.

Cellulolytic activity in leachate during leach-bed anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takwai E. Lai ◽  
Annop Nopharatana ◽  
Pratap C. Pullammanappallil ◽  
William P. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Acidity Attributes in Areas of Municipal Organic Waste Composting, Santa Catarina, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 794-806
Author(s):  
Cleiton Junior Ribeiro Lazzari ◽  
Matheus Junckes Müller ◽  
Monique Souza ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Soil Changes

Composting is an alternative for treating and recycling municipal solid waste. Composting directly on the soil changes the attributes related to soil acidity. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of municipal solid waste composting in a small scale system on the attributes related to the acidity of soils used for making compost piles. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm in four areas under composting (1C, 2C, 3C and 4C) and four adjacent reference areas with no history of composting (1R, 2R, 3R and 4R). The soil was submitted to evaluation of pH in water, total organic carbon (TOC), potential acidity (H+Al), aluminum saturation and base saturation. We found the composting in a small scale system with piles directly on the soil promoted the increase of soil pH values, TOC contents and base saturation up to 40 cm, regardless of the time of use. This shows the potential of the leachate to reduce acidity and aluminum saturation in the subsoil.

scholarly journals Synergistic and Regulatable Bioremediation Capsules Fabrication Based on Vapor-Phased Encapsulation of Bacillus Bacteria and its Regulator by Poly-p-Xylylene

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Yen-Ching Yang ◽  
Wei-Shen Huang ◽  
Shu-Man Hu ◽  
Chao-Wei Huang ◽  
Chih-Hao Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Enzyme Functions

A regulatable bioremediation capsule material was synthesized with isolated single-strain bacteria (Bacillus species, B. CMC1) and a regulator molecule (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) by a vapor-phased encapsulation method with simple steps of water sublimation and poly-p-xylylene deposition in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Mechanically, the capsule construct exhibited a controllable shape and dimensions, and was composed of highly biocompatible poly-p-xylylene as the matrix with homogeneously distributed bacteria and CMC molecules. Versatility of the encapsulation of the molecules at the desired concentrations was achieved in the vapor-phased sublimation and deposition fabrication process. The discovery of the fabricated capsule revealed that viable living B. CMC1 inhabited the capsule, and the capsule enhanced bacterial growth due to the materials and process used. Biologically, the encapsulated B. CMC1 demonstrated viable and functional enzyme activity for cellulase activation, and such activity was regulatable and proportional to the concentration of the decorated CMC molecules in the same capsule construct. Impressively, 13% of cellulase activity increase was realized by encapsulation of B. CMC1 by poly-p-xylylene, and a further 34% of cellulase activity increase was achieved by encapsulation of additional 2.5% CMC. Accordingly, this synergistic effectiveness of the capsule constructs was established by combining enzymatic B. CMC1 bacteria and its regulatory CMC by poly-p-xylylene encapsulation process. This reported encapsulation process exhibited other advantages, including the use of simple steps and a dry and clean process free of harmful chemicals; most importantly, the process is scalable for mass production. The present study represents a novel method to fabricate bacteria-encapsulated capsule for cellulose degradation in bioremediation that can be used in various applications, such as wastewater treatment and transforming of cellulose into glucose for biofuel production. Moreover, the concept of this vapor-phased encapsulation technology can be correspondingly used to encapsulate multiple bacteria and regulators to enhance the specific enzyme functions for degradation of various organic matters.

The dynamic of cellulase activity of fungi inhabiting organic municipal solid waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Sarsaiya ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Awasthi ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Awasthi ◽  
Saket Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Cellulase Activity

Cellulase activity ofTrichoderma reesei (RUT-C30) on municipal solid waste

1995 ◽  
Vol 51-52 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Silva ◽  
Bill B. Elmore ◽  
Houston K. Huckabay
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Rut C30

Anaerobic Digestion of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste and Activated Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Sun Min Fang ◽  
Ben Lin Dai ◽  
Jin Hua Yao ◽  
Ping Xia
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Acid Inhibition ◽  
Ph Values

To discussion acid inhibition of municipal solid waste in the process of the anaerobic digestion, four biodegradable single substrates of soybean, fat meat, rice and celery cane were considered in this paper. A series of anaerobic co-digestion tests were performed on the four substrates at the load of 1.0 gVS/(Ld) and anaerobic activated sludge. The results show that the acid inhibition was occurred at the load of 1.0 gVS/(Ld) for the soybean and rice; the corresponding pH values at the lowest acidification points were 5.03 and 3.73, respectively. There was no acid inhibition during the whole digestion period for the celery cane at the tested loads.

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