Studies in intermicrobial symbiosis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus casei

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1733-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Megee III ◽  
J. F. Drake ◽  
A. G. Fredrickson ◽  
H. M. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Pure Cultures

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a riboflavin assay strain of Lactobacillus casei have been propagated anaerobically in mixed culture. Both batch and continuous culture techniques were used. By varying the concentrations of glucose and riboflavin in the growth medium, it was possible to produce symbioses of commensalism + competition, competition, and mutualism + competition. In short, the interaction prevailing is determined by the medium as well as by the genetic characteristics of the organisms. The behavior of the mixed cultures in these situations was predicted from data taken on pure cultures of the organisms.

Interaction profile of a mixed-culture fermentation of Issatchenkia orientalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by transcriptome sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Peifang Weng ◽  
Zufang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Mixed Fermentation ◽  
Mixed Culture Fermentation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Issatchenkia Orientalis ◽  
Pure Cultures

PurposeMixed fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts has become an oenlogical tool to improve wines’ organoleptic properties. However, the maximum utilization of this method is dependent upon understanding the influence of mixed cultures on the physiology of S.cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the supernatants from 48 h mixed-culture fermentation were added to the pure cultures of Issatchenkia orientalis and Saccharomyces, respectively. And the authors used RNA sequencing to determine the transcriptome change of I.orientalis and S.cerevisiae in a mixed culture.FindingsThe results showed that multiple genes associated with cell growth and death were differentially expressed. Genes related to biosynthesis of amino acids were enriched among those upregulated in the mixed-fermentation supernatant. Meanwhile, the differential expression level of genes encoding enzymes essential for formation of aroma compounds was found in the single and in the mixed fermentation. The high expression level of molecular chaperones Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110 suggests that metabolites of mixed-culture fermentation may lead to aggregation of misfolded proteins. Moreover, upregulation of ethanol dehydrogenase I ADH1 in the mixed-culture fermentations was highlighted.Originality/valueThis is the first time that RNA-seq was used to analyze changes in the transcriptome of mixed cultures. According to the results the authors’ manuscript provided, an integrated view into the adaptive responses of S.cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts to the mixed-culture fermentation is benefit for the potential application of S.cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts in fruit wine brewing.

scholarly journals Enhanced Removal of a Pesticides Mixture by Single Cultures and Consortia of Free and ImmobilizedStreptomycesStrains

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
María S. Fuentes ◽  
Gabriela E. Briceño ◽  
Juliana M. Saez ◽  
Claudia S. Benimeli ◽  
María C. Diez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Pure Cultures

Pesticides are normally used to control specific pests and to increase the productivity in crops; as a result, soils are contaminated with mixtures of pesticides. In this work, the ability ofStreptomycesstrains (either as pure or mixed cultures) to remove pentachlorophenol and chlorpyrifos was studied. The antagonism among the strains and their tolerance to the toxic mixture was evaluated. Results revealed that the strains did not have any antagonistic effects and showed tolerance against the pesticides mixture. In fact, the growth of mixed cultures was significantly higher than in pure cultures. Moreover, a pure culture (Streptomycessp. A5) and a quadruple culture had the highest pentachlorophenol removal percentages (10.6% and 10.1%, resp.), whileStreptomycessp. M7 presented the best chlorpyrifos removal (99.2%). Mixed culture of allStreptomycesspp. when assayed either as free or immobilized cells showed chlorpyrifos removal percentages of 40.17% and 71.05%, respectively, and for pentachlorophenol 5.24% and 14.72%, respectively, suggesting better removal of both pesticides by using immobilized cells. These results reveal that environments contaminated with mixtures of xenobiotics could be successfully cleaned up by using either free or immobilized cultures ofStreptomyces, throughin situorex situremediation techniques.

scholarly journals Effects of Pure and Mixed Autochthonous Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Fermentation and Volatile Compounds of Narince Wines

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Arslan ◽  
Zeynep Çelik ◽  
Turgut Cabaroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Mixed Culture Fermentation ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Torulaspora Delbrueckii ◽  
Pure Cultures

The cultivar of Narince is a native white grape variety of Vitis vinifera, grown in Tokat city, the Mid-Black Sea Region of Anatolia. In this study, the effects of pure and mixed autochthonous Torulaspora delbrueckii-214 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-1088 cultures on the fermentation behavior and aroma compounds of Narince wines were investigated. Volatile compounds formed in wines were extracted using a liquid–liquid extraction method and determined by GC-MS-FID. Narince grape must was fermented in duplicate, under the following three conditions. Two pure cultures of T. delbrueckii-214 and S. cerevisiae-1088 and a mixture of T. delbrueckii-214 and S. cerevisiae-1088 (1:1). The presence of the non-Saccharomyces T. delbrueckii-214 yeast slowed down the fermentation and produced a lower level of ethanol and a higher levels of glycerol and volatile acid. Only the pure culture of T. delbrueckii-214 was unable to finish fermentation. On the other hand, mixed culture fermentation improved the aroma intensity and complexity of wine due to increased levels of higher alcohols and esters. According to sensory analysis, wine fermented with mixed culture was the most preferred wine followed by wine inoculated with pure S. cerevisiae-1088. This study confirms the role of T. delbrueckii in wine aroma and the potential of non-Saccharomyces use in winemaking.

Increased in vitro sensitivity of Candida albicans to amphotericin B when grown in mixed culture with Escherichia coli

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1482-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Mathieu ◽  
D. Dube ◽  
M. Lebrun
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Polyene Antibiotics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Cultures

The growth of Candida albicans was inhibited by some Escherichia coli strains both in conventional batch cultures and also in a chemostat under conditions of constant addition of fresh medium. Concentrations of 0.2 μg amphotericin B per millilitre and of 2 μg nystatin per millilitre, which caused a slight inhibition of C. albicans in pure culture, exerted a strong fungicidal effect when the yeast was placed in mixed cultures with certain strains of E. coli. Candida albicans cells, inhibited by either E. coli or in mixed culture with polyene antibiotics, appeared larger and less uniformly stained by acridine orange than control cells from pure cultures. Addition of chloramphenicol to the mixed cultures, in quantities sufficient to kill the E. coli cells, abolished the increased sensitivity of C. albicans to amphotericin B or nystatin. In preliminary in vivo tests, E. coli did not sensitize C. albicans to the polyene antibiotics.

scholarly journals Alamethicin Suppresses Methanogenesis and Promotes Acetogenesis in Bioelectrochemical Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 3863-3868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuping Zhu ◽  
Michael Siegert ◽  
Matthew D. Yates ◽  
Bruce E. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Reduction Product ◽  
Bioelectrochemical Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbial Electrosynthesis ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Sporomusa Ovata

ABSTRACTMicrobial electrosynthesis (MES) systems with mixed cultures often generate a variety of gaseous and soluble chemicals. Methane is the primary end product in mixed-culture MES because it is the thermodynamically most favorable reduction product of CO2. Here, we show that the peptaibol alamethicin selectively suppressed the growth of methanogens in mixed-culture MES systems, resulting in a shift of the solution and cathode communities to an acetate-producing system dominated bySporomusa, a known acetogenic genus in MES systems.Archaeain the methane-producing control were dominated byMethanobrevibacterspecies, but noArchaeawere detected in the alamethicin-treated reactors. No methane was detected in the mixed-culture reactors treated with alamethicin over 10 cycles (∼3 days each). Instead, acetate was produced at an average rate of 115 nmol ml−1day−1, similar to the rate reported previously for pure cultures ofSporomusa ovataon biocathodes. Mixed-culture control reactors without alamethicin generated methane at nearly 100% coulombic recovery, and no acetate was detected. These results show that alamethicin is effective for the suppression of methanogen growth in MES systems and that its use enables the production of industrially relevant organic compounds by the inhibition of methanogenesis.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-Based Characterization of Interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in Lactose-Grown Chemostat Cocultures

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (19) ◽  
pp. 5949-5961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Mendes ◽  
Sander Sieuwerts ◽  
Erik de Hulster ◽  
Marinka J. H. Almering ◽  
Marijke A. H. Luttik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Mixed Populations

ABSTRACTMixed populations ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeyeasts and lactic acid bacteria occur in many dairy, food, and beverage fermentations, but knowledge about their interactions is incomplete. In the present study, interactions betweenSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricus, two microorganisms that co-occur in kefir fermentations, were studied during anaerobic growth on lactose. By combining physiological and transcriptome analysis of the two strains in the cocultures, five mechanisms of interaction were identified. (i)Lb. delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricushydrolyzes lactose, which cannot be metabolized byS. cerevisiae, to galactose and glucose. Subsequently, galactose, which cannot be metabolized byLb. delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricus, is excreted and provides a carbon source for yeast. (ii) In pure cultures,Lb. delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusgrows only in the presence of increased CO2concentrations. In anaerobic mixed cultures, the yeast provides this CO2via alcoholic fermentation. (iii) Analysis of amino acid consumption from the defined medium indicated thatS. cerevisiaesupplied alanine to the bacterium. (iv) A mild but significant low-iron response in the yeast transcriptome, identified by DNA microarray analysis, was consistent with the chelation of iron by the lactate produced byLb. delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricus. (v) Transcriptome analysis ofLb. delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusin mixed cultures showed an overrepresentation of transcripts involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting either a competition of the two microorganisms for fatty acids or a response to the ethanol produced byS. cerevisiae. This study demonstrates that chemostat-based transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool to investigate microbial interactions in mixed populations.

scholarly journals Mixed-Culture Interactions I. Commensalism of Proteus vulgaris with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Continuous Culture

1965 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Shindala ◽  
Henry R. Bungay ◽  
Noel R. Krieg ◽  
Kathleen Culbert
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris

Impact of Transfaunation of Rumen Ciliate Cultures on Physical Examination, Selected Serum Parameters and Milk Profile in Defaunated Lactating Dairy Goats

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Culture Duration ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorous

Rumen ciliates still have mysterious secrets and influences in ruminants. This study investigated the effect of transfaunation of pure and mixed cultures of rumen ciliates on physical clinical examination, selected serum parameters and milk profile in defaunated lactating dairy goats. A number of 8 Baladi native breed goats were randomly classified into two groups each one containing 4 goats. Pure culture group was transfaunated with 6 ml of pure culture of Holotricha spp., while mixed culture group was transfaunated with 6 ml of mixed culture of 81.85% Holotricha and 18.15% Ophryoscolex spp. once weekly for three consecutive weeks, after defaunation of both groups using 30 ml of 8% SLS for two consecutive days. Serum and milk samples were collected weekly for three successive weeks to study effect of type of ciliate culture, duration of transfaunation and their interaction. Results revealed that transfaunation of pure and mixed cultures of rumen ciliates had no effect on physical examination with minimal non-significant improvement of calcium, inorganic phosphorous, total protein and globulin in serum of defaunated goats. Transfaunation of pure or mixed cultures of rumen ciliates within three weeks could not improve significantly decreased milk fat % of defaunated goats without any effect on other measured milk profile parameters. It is concluded that further investigations on transfaunation without prior defaunation should be performed using different pure and mixed cultures of rumen ciliates for therapeutic and productive purposes.

scholarly journals Underproduction of the Largest Subunit of RNA Polymerase II Causes Temperature Sensitivity, Slow Growth, and Inositol Auxotrophy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Archambault ◽  
David B Jansma ◽  
James D Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutations in genes encoding subunits of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) often give rise to a set of pleiotropic phenotypes that includes temperature sensitivity, slow growth and inositol auxotrophy. In this study, we show that these phenotypes can be brought about by a reduction in the intracellular concentration of RNAPII. Underproduction of RNAPII was achieved by expressing the gene (RPO21), encoding the largest subunit of the enzyme, from the LEU2 promoter or a weaker derivative of it, two promoters that can be repressed by the addition of leucine to the growth medium. We found that cells that underproduced RPO21 were unable to derepress fully the expression of a reporter gene under the control of the INO1 UAS. Our results indicate that temperature sensitivity, slow growth and inositol auxotrophy is a set of phenotypes that can be caused by lowering the steady-state amount of RNAPII; these results also lead to the prediction that some of the previously identified RNAPII mutations that confer this same set of phenotypes affect the assembly/stability of the enzyme. We propose a model to explain the hypersensitivity of INO1 transcription to mutations that affect components of the RNAPII transcriptional machinery.

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