Manganese and antibiotic biosynthesis. II. Cellular levels of manganese during the transition to patulin production in Penicillium urticae

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Scott ◽  
G. M. Gaucher
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Antibiotic Biosynthesis ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
The Media

The radionuclide 54MnCl2 was used to examine the cellular manganese content of submerged cultures of Penicillium urticae NRRL 2159A. Liquid-scintillation spectroscopy allowed sensitive detection of isotopic manganese in both normally supplemented and manganese-deficient cultures. The cellular manganese content in supplemented cultures showed three distinct phases, including a period of uptake that coincided with the time of transition to antibiotic biosynthesis. Such an uptake was not seen for manganese-deficient cultures, but addition of normal quantities of unlabelled manganese to the media appeared to stimulate uptake. Preliminary characterization shows this manganese uptake is not inhibited by other metal ions, does not require metabolic energy or a protein component, but is disrupted by changes in incubation temperature. The significance of these observations is discussed in the light of recent work on the requirement for manganese for antibiotic biosynthesis in this organism.

Manganese and antibiotic biosynthesis. I. A specific manganese requirement for patulin production in Penicillium urticae

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Scott ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
K. S. Lam ◽  
G. M. Gaucher
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Antibiotic Biosynthesis ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Metal Ion Analysis ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Calcium Iron

The effect of trace metal nutrition on the functioning of the patulin biosynthetic pathway in submerged cultures of Penicillium urticae (NRRL 2159A) was examined by both chromatographic and enzymological means. Comprehensive metal ion analysis showed generally low levels of contaminating metal ions in media components. Of eight metal ions examined, only manganese strongly influenced secondary metabolite production. In control cultures or cultures deficient in calcium, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, or molybdenum, pathway metabolites appeared in the medium at about 25 h after inoculation. The first pathway-specific metabolite, 6-methylsalicylic acid, accumulated only transiently before being converted to patulin whose concentration steadily increased. In manganese-deficient cultures, however, 6-methylsalicylic acid continued to accumulate, with only minor amounts of patulin being produced. Additionally, a marker enzyme for the pathway showed only 0–20% of control activity. Clear dose responses (patulin versus manganese) were found in different media, with no effect on growth yield. Addition of manganese to depleted cultures at 18, 26, or 36 h resulted in increasing marker enzyme activity and patulin concentrations. It is concluded that manganese exerts a specific, positive effect on patulin biosynthesis and may in some way control the section of the patulin pathway occurring after 6-methylsalicylic acid.

Effects of EDTA on the uptake of micronutrient metals by oats from an organic soil

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
RS Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Content ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Edta Complexes ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Anionic Metal Complexes ◽  
Limed Soil ◽  
Do So

It has been shown, in a pot, culture trial, that the addition of EDTA to a neutral, manganese-deficient, organic soil increased the uptake of native manganese by oats. However, manganese uptake from large additions of manganous sulphate was lowered in the presence of EDTX. EDTA increased the uptake of iron and copper from this soil by oats at all yield levels. No increase in uptake of iron, copper, or manganese occurred if EDTA was added to the same soil limed to pH 8. These results are discussed in relation to other reports of the effect of EDTA on plant uptake of micronutrient metals from solution and from soils. It is pointed out that aluminium may replace divalent metals in EDTA complexes added to soils. Such substitution might occur more rapidly at pH 8 than at pH 6-7 because of the larger amount of aluminium in solution at the higher pH. It is suggested that this reaction may explain the failure of EDTA to increase uptake of micronutrient metals from the limed soil in these experiments. Uptake of copper and iron from the untimed s oil, in both presence and absence of added EDTA, appears to be linearly related to total transpiration of the oats during their growth. It is thought that this may reflect the dependence of oats in this soil on soluble anionic metal complexes brought to the roots with soil moisture. In a second pot experiment, uptake of added manganese was increased by EDTA added 3-4 weeks after the manganous sulphate. In this case the manganous sulphate would have been mostly oxidized when the EDTA was added. It is suggested that EDTA may speed up the biological oxidation of manganous salts in neutral soils. If this were so, plants not treated with EDTA in the first experiment might have absorbed more added manganese early in their growth and maintained a higher manganese content throughout the season than plants treated with EDTA. In the second experiment, the effect of EDTA on manganese oxidation would be largely eliminated, and the effect in increasing water-soluble manganese in the soil mould become discernible. In this second experiment, EDTA prevented the occurrence of grey speck disease, whereas addition of hydroquinoue failed to do so. Nevertheless ,plants treated with hydroquinone contained as much manganese as, or more than, those treated with EDTX. This result is discussed in relation to the "manganese requirement," of oats.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Candida albicans Species Complex by Tobacco Agar Obtained from Different Cigarette Brands Available in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Soraya E. Morales-López ◽  
Jayr Yepes ◽  
Danna C. Elles ◽  
Lisahidy Macías ◽  
Abid Cañate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cigarette Brand ◽  
The Media ◽  
Brand Affect ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Globally Distributed

Introduction. The Candida albicans complex is formed by Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and a biovar of C. albicans named Candida africana. These yeasts are recognized as globally distributed clinical pathogens and share most phenotypic characteristics, which makes their discrimination by conventional methods difficult. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of different brands of cigarettes in the preparation of tobacco agar, for the differentiation of these related yeasts. Methodology. Tobacco agar was prepared using six brands and four varieties of cigarettes, and 125 clinical isolates previously identified by PCR and Maldi-Tof were used. To determine whether the results of the microbiological tests were associated with similarities in the chemical components of cigarettes, thin-layer chromatography was performed. Results. Candida dubliniensis colonies presented hue differences according to the incubation temperature and the brand or variety of cigarette used, except in the tobacco agar produced with Marlboro Xpress cigarette, where its differentiation was not possible. The chromatograms showed few differences among apolar and medium polarity extract components. Conclusions. Tobacco agar is a low-cost tool used for the differentiation of Candida dubliniensis; however, incubation temperature and cigarette brand affect the performance of the media. No relationship was found between the microbiological results and the chemical similarity of the extracts of the cigarettes by chromatography.

Arachidonic acid-induced insulin secretion from rat islets of Langerhans

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Band ◽  
P. M. Jones ◽  
S. L. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Rat Islets ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
The Media ◽  
Rat Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT There is growing evidence that arachidonic acid (AA) and/or its metabolites may be involved in the control of insulin secretion. We have now investigated the effect of AA on insulin secretion from rat islets, and the possible involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in this process. Exogenous AA stimulated insulin secretion from intact islets at a substimulatory concentration of glucose (2 mm), but did not further enhance glucose-induced (20 mm) insulin secretion. AA-induced insulin secretion was temperature dependent. The secretory responses seen at 37°C were totally abolished by reducing the incubation temperature to ≤34°C. AA-induced insulin secretion was not dependent upon extracellular Ca2+ and was potentiated by omission of Ca2+ or bovine serum albumin from the media. PKC in rat islets can thus be stimulated by AA, but the stimulation of PKC is not required for AA-induced insulin secretion.

Three Environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Marc Berghaus
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
The Media

Most of the author's recent work has centered on the perception of environments and the human body's navigation through those environments, which has necessitated the construction of large-scale installations. So far, all but one of these installations have used sound as an integral component. The author believes that we, as both biological and cultural beings, live within three interlocking environments—the natural, the built and the media. This third is the newest, but certainly no less real than the other two.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Mikropropagasi Pisang Kepok Amorang melalui Modifikasi Formula Media dan Temperatur

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Yati Supriati
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Incubation Condition ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Media Formulation ◽  
The Media

<p>Micropropagation Efficiency of Banana cv Kepok<br />Amorang through Modifications of Culture Media and<br />Incubation Temperature. Yati Supriati. The budless<br />banana cv Kepok Amorang is potentially commercialized<br />due to its sweet taste and does not have flower bud, hence<br />reduced the potential of being infected by the blood disease<br />pathogen. Enhancement of banana industry needs continuous<br />supplies of large number banana seedlings. In vitro<br />culture enable the production of seedlings in a large scale,<br />uniform, quick. The research aims: (1) to formulate an<br />efficient medium for in vitro multiplication of cv Kepok<br />Amorang shoot, (2) to identify efficient growth environment<br />for in vitro culture of cv Kepok Amorang, and (3) to formulate<br />an efficient culture medium for roots inductions of cv<br />Kepok Amorang. The plant material used was in vitro culture<br />of Kepok cv Amorang, 2 cm in height without leaf and root.<br />The media formulation for shoot multiplication were full<br />strength, half strength, one fourth strength MS media,<br />supplemented with either 1, 3, or 5 ppm IBA. On optimization<br />step, the media tested were MS, Knop, Knop and<br />Heller, Hyponex N, Growmore N, and Rosasol N containing<br />of 1 ppm BA. The explants were incubated in culture room<br />with 8, 12, and 16 hours photoperiod with temperatures 30oC<br />(non air conditioned) and 25oC (air conditioned). The root<br />induction trial was done using MS, Knop, Knop and Heller,<br />Hyponex N, Growmore N, and Rosasol N media containing<br />of 1 ppm and 3 ppm IBA. The results showed that the best<br />medium formula for shoot multiplication was ¼ MS + 1 ppm<br />IBA. The best incubation condition was 16 hours photoperiods<br />at 30oC. The best media for root induction was<br />Hyponex 2 g/l + 1 ppm IBA. This culture method reduced<br />cost by Rp 261.7 per plantlet through efficiency of media<br />formulation and electricity use.</p>

Manganese uptake by tobacco and bean plants grown on soils of the Mareeba-Dimbulah Irrigation Area, north Queensland

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Lovett ◽  
AD Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Area North

The manganese content of flue cured tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) grown on a range of soils from the Mareeba-Dimbulah area was determined. Seven of the soils produced plants containing more than 600 p.p.m. manganese, a level above which quality may be adversely affected. Manganese toxicity symptoms were observed on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and tobacco plants growing in one of the soils. The effect of air drying and pH on exchangeable and easily reducible manganese is demonstrated.

Theorizing adversarial guests: The resistance to (and restoration of) media routines

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Gollmitzer
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Media Events ◽  
The Media

AbstractThis article traces ‘difficult guests’ who violate the tacit rules that guide interactions between talk show hosts and their guests, between news anchors and their interviewees. The goal is to theorize the appearance of such guests on television against the background of four case studies. Using the media events and media scandals concepts as well as more recent work on ‘mediatization’, a new category of remarkable media occurrences is developed. Such ‘media incidents’ capture the resistance to media routines as well as the incorporation of resistance into those very routines. I will illustrate how media incidents make visible, for large audiences, the media’s daily habitual construction of reality. Despite their complex, even ambivalent nature, it is argued that media incidents perform a more critical function for citizens in media-saturated societies than both media events and scandals.

Acid Phosphatase Distribution and Localization in the Fungus Humicola lutea

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penka Aleksieva ◽  
Dimitrina Spasova ◽  
Spasimira Radoevska
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Mycelial Extract ◽  
The Media ◽  
Humicola Lutea

Acid phosphatase activities in a culture liquid and mycelial extract were studied in submerged cultures of the filamentous fungus Humicola lutea 120-5 in casein-containing media with and without inorganic phosphate (Pi). The Pi-repressible influence on the phosphatase formation was demonstrated. Significant changes in the distribution of acid phosphatase between the mycelial extract and culture liquid were observed at the transition of the strain from exponential to stationary phase. Some differences in the cytochemical localization of phosphatase in dependence of Pi in the media and the role of the enzyme in the release of available phosphorus from the phosphoprotein casein for fungal growth were discussed.

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