Growth of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. hyphae and of bacteria along the roots of rape (Brassica napus L.) seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 916-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Olsson ◽  
Erland Bååth ◽  
Bengt Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Hyphal Density ◽  
Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate

Bacterial density and the hyphal density of Verticillium dahliae were determined along the roots of sand-grown rape seedlings. Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia were trapped in nylon nets which were placed in front of the growing root tip. The growing hyphae on the nets were stained with fluorescein diacetate and rhodamine B isothiocyanate. Bacteria on the petri dish lids adjacent to the nets were stained with acridine orange. Both fungal and bacterial densities increased exponentially over a distance of 15–20 mm from the root tip. Further back along the root, the densities of microorganisms stabilized, but in some cases the fluorescein diacetate active hyphal density increased. The hyphal densities stopped increasing before bacterial densities, suggesting an increasing bacterial competition for root exudates as their population grew. The hyphal activity, measured as the proportion of flurescein diacetate to rhodamine B isothioicyanate stained hyphae, increased during the exponential growth phase of the bacteria, then decreased, and finally increased again as the lateral roots appeared.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized by Fluorescein Isothiocyanate or Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate: Fluorescent and Plasmonic Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Ilaria Fratoddi ◽  
Chiara Battocchio ◽  
Giovanna Iucci ◽  
Daniele Catone ◽  
Antonella Cartoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate ◽  
Fluorescent Molecules

This paper presents the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with fluorescent molecules, in particular with xanthene-based dyes, i.e., fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC, λmax = 485 nm) and rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC, λmax = 555 nm). An in-depth characterization of the particle–dye systems, i.e., AgNPs–RITC and AgNPs–FITC, is presented to evaluate their chemical structure and optical properties due to the interaction between their plasmonic and absorption properties. UV–Vis spectroscopy and the dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements confirmed the nanosize of the AgNPs–RITC and AgNPs–FITC. Synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-XPS) was used to study the chemical surface functionalization by structural characterization, confirming/examining the isothiocyanate–metal interaction. For AgNPs–RITC, in which the plasmonic and fluorescence peak are not superimposed, the transient dynamics of the dye fluorescence were also studied. Transient absorption measurements showed that by exciting the AgNPs–RITC sample at a wavelength corresponding to the AgNP plasmon resonance, it was possible to preferentially excite the RITC dye molecules attached to the surface of the NPs with respect to the free dye molecules in the solution. These results demonstrate how, by combining plasmonics and fluorescence, these AgNPs can be used as promising systems in biosensing and imaging applications.

First report of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. causing wilt symptoms in canola (Brassica napus L.) in North America

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheau-Fang Hwang ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Hafiz U. Ahmed ◽  
Qixing Zhou ◽  
Heting Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
North America ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

scholarly journals Interlaboratory Comparison of Methods To Quantify Microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3846-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Termorshuizen ◽  
J. R. Davis ◽  
G. Gort ◽  
D. C. Harris ◽  
O. C. Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Blinded Fashion ◽  
Dry Soil

ABSTRACT In a comparison of different methods for estimatingVerticillium dahliae in soil, 14 soil samples were analyzed in a blinded fashion by 13 research groups in seven countries, using their preferred methods. One group analyzed only four samples. Twelve soil samples were naturally infested, and two had known numbers of microsclerotia of V. dahliae added to them. In addition, a control was included to determine whether transport had an effect on the results. Results differed considerably among the research groups. There was a 118-fold difference between the groups with the lowest and highest mean estimates. Results of the other groups were evenly distributed between these extremes. In general, methods based on plating dry soil samples gave higher numbers of V. dahliae than did plating of an aqueous soil suspension. Recovery of V. dahliae from samples with added microsclerotia varied from 0 to 59%. Most of the variability within each analysis was at the petri dish level. The results indicate the necessity to check the performance of detection assays regularly by comparing recoveries with other laboratories, using a common set of soil samples. We conclude that wet plating assays are less accurate than dry plating assays.

scholarly journals A Novel Ratiometric Probe Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots and Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate for Detection of Fe3+in Aqueous Solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Jiangong Liang ◽  
Lingzhi Liu ◽  
Heyou Han
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon ◽  
Ratiometric Probe

A ratiometric probe for determining ferric ions (Fe3+) was developed based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CDs) and rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RhB), which was then applied to selective detection of Fe3+in PB buffer solution, lake water, and tap water. In the sensing system, FePO4particles deposit on the surface of CDs, resulting in larger particles and surface passivation. The fluorescence (FL) intensity and the light scattering (LS) intensity of CDs can be gradually enhanced with the addition of Fe3+, while the FL intensity of RhB remains constant. The ratiometric light intensity of CDs LS and RhB FL was quantitatively in response to Fe3+concentrations in a dynamic range of 0.01–1.2 μM, with a detection limit as low as 6 nM. Other metal ions, such as Fe2+, Al3+, K+, Ca2+, and Co2+, had no significant interference on the determination of Fe3+. Compared with traditional probes based on single-signal probe for Fe3+detection, this dual-signal-based ratiometric probe exhibits a more reliable and stable response on target concentration and is characterized by easy operation in a simple fluorescence spectrophotometer.

The use of rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate (RITC) as an anterograde and retrograde tracer in the adult rat visual system

1987 ◽  
Vol 406 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solon Thanos ◽  
Manuel Vidal-Sanz ◽  
Albert J. Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Retrograde Tracer ◽  
Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate

Phytotoxic effects of phenolic compounds on Calopogonium mucunoides (Fabaceae) roots

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Cristiane Ribeiro ◽  
Rodrigo Barbosa Braga Feitoza ◽  
Helena Regina Pinto Lima ◽  
Mário Geraldo de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Standard Techniques

Studies on phenols have gained attention owing to their abundance in plants and their effects on plant development. Phenols from forage grasses may exert phytotoxicity on legume crops in intercropping systems. We aimed to identify morpho-anatomical variations in Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. roots treated with phenolic compounds. Seeds of C. mucunoides were treated with (1) distilled water (control), (2) trans-cinnamic acid, (3) a mixture of the flavonoids quercetin, rutin, kaempferol and kaempferol-3-α-rhamnoside, or (4) a combination of the flavonoid mixture and trans-cinnamic acid. After 10 days of treatment, the roots were measured, described and processed according to standard techniques in plant anatomy. In general, non-control individuals showed plant lengths decreased by 40–45%, root-tip necrosis and intense lateral root ramification. Seeds germinated in cinnamic acid presented xylem poles with a greater number of cells and a greater emission of lateral roots. In the seeds treated with flavonoids, cell division was observed in the endodermis and the pericycle, and xylem fibres went through differentiation. The combination of cinnamic acid and flavonoids led to the premature formation of fibres by the phloem. The treatments with flavonoids or cinnamic acid alone were significantly greater in root diameter (868.61 µm and 810.35 µm, respectively) than was the application of both (714.98 µm) or the control (533.76 µm). The results suggest that cinnamic acid and the tested flavonoids negatively affect the development and the root structure of C. mucunoides.

Use of Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate to Detect Proteoglycan Core Proteins in Polyacrylamide Gels

1995 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Fernandezbusquets ◽  
M.M. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate

Corrigendum - Factors which affects the growth of grain legumes on a solonized brown soil. I. Genotypic responses to soil physical factors

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
BJ Atwell
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
System L

Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cvv. Yandee and 75A-258 and L. pilosus cv. P. 20957) and pea (Pisum sativum cv. Dundale) were grown in the field for 43 days on a solonized brown soil. Shoots of L. pilosus and peas grew most rapidly, while L. angustifolius cv. 75A-258 developed a relatively large root system. L. angustifolius cv. Yandee, a commercial lupin cultivar, was poorly adapted; shoot growth was restricted and roots ceased growing 36 days after sowing. The soil factors responsible for these widely differing responses were investigated. Once primary roots of L. angustifolius were 20-30 cm deep, root extension was slow or arrested. Indeed, primary root apices of Yandee were often necrotic in the soil below 20 cm. In contrast, roots proliferated rapidly in the surface 20 cm of the soil, particularly in 7SA-258, suggesting that factors in the deeper soil layers restricted root growth most severely. The vigorous growth of lateral roots of 75A-258 was reflected in a 2.6 fold greater total root length than for Yandee 43 days after sowing. Soil physical properties were not considered a likely explanation for these observations; soil water status and porosity were always favourable for root growth and root sections indicated that no cortical degradation, typical of O2 deficient roots, had occurred. Penetrometer resistance and root tip osmotic pressures suggested that poor root growth could not be ascribed simply to soil mechanical properties. The results suggest, by inference, that soil chemical factors could underlie the phenotypic responses observed.

scholarly journals Modelling time variations of root diameter and elongation rate as related to assimilate supply and demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3524-3534
Author(s):  
Loïc Pagès ◽  
Marie Bernert ◽  
Guillaume Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Maximal Diameter

Abstract In a given root system, individual roots usually exhibit a rather homogeneous tip structure although highly different diameters and growth patterns, and this diversity is of prime importance in the definition of the whole root system architecture and foraging characteristics. In order to represent and predict this diversity, we built a simple and generic model at root tip level combining structural and functional knowledge on root elongation. The tip diameter, reflecting meristem size, is used as a driving variable of elongation. It varies, in response to the fluctuations of photo-assimilate availability, between two limits (minimal and maximal diameter). The elongation rate is assumed to be dependent on the transient value of the diameter. Elongation stops when the tip reaches the minimal diameter. The model could satisfactorily reproduce patterns of root elongation and tip diameter changes observed in various species at different scales. Although continuous, the model could generate divergent root classes as classically observed within populations of lateral roots. This model should help interpret the large plasticity of root elongation patterns which can be obtained in response to different combinations of endogenous and exogenous factors. The parameters could be used in phenotyping the root system.

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