Phytotoxic effects of phenolic compounds on Calopogonium mucunoides (Fabaceae) roots

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Cristiane Ribeiro ◽  
Rodrigo Barbosa Braga Feitoza ◽  
Helena Regina Pinto Lima ◽  
Mário Geraldo de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Standard Techniques

Studies on phenols have gained attention owing to their abundance in plants and their effects on plant development. Phenols from forage grasses may exert phytotoxicity on legume crops in intercropping systems. We aimed to identify morpho-anatomical variations in Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. roots treated with phenolic compounds. Seeds of C. mucunoides were treated with (1) distilled water (control), (2) trans-cinnamic acid, (3) a mixture of the flavonoids quercetin, rutin, kaempferol and kaempferol-3-α-rhamnoside, or (4) a combination of the flavonoid mixture and trans-cinnamic acid. After 10 days of treatment, the roots were measured, described and processed according to standard techniques in plant anatomy. In general, non-control individuals showed plant lengths decreased by 40–45%, root-tip necrosis and intense lateral root ramification. Seeds germinated in cinnamic acid presented xylem poles with a greater number of cells and a greater emission of lateral roots. In the seeds treated with flavonoids, cell division was observed in the endodermis and the pericycle, and xylem fibres went through differentiation. The combination of cinnamic acid and flavonoids led to the premature formation of fibres by the phloem. The treatments with flavonoids or cinnamic acid alone were significantly greater in root diameter (868.61 µm and 810.35 µm, respectively) than was the application of both (714.98 µm) or the control (533.76 µm). The results suggest that cinnamic acid and the tested flavonoids negatively affect the development and the root structure of C. mucunoides.

scholarly journals Inherent and Stress-Induced Responses of Fine Root Morphology and Anatomy in Commercial Grapevine Rootstocks with Contrasting Drought Resistance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Idan Reingwirtz ◽  
Jake Uretsky ◽  
Italo F. Cuneo ◽  
Thorsten Knipfer ◽  
Clarissa Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Materials

Some grapevine rootstocks perform better than others during and after drought events, yet it is not clear how inherent and stress-induced differences in root morphology and anatomy along the length of fine roots are involved in these responses. Using a variety of growing conditions and plant materials, we observed significant differences in root diameter, specific root length (SRL) and root diameter distribution between two commonly used commercial grapevine rootstocks: Richter 110 (110R; drought resistant) and Millardet et de Grasset 101-14 (101-14Mgt; drought sensitive). The 110R consistently showed greater root diameters with smaller SRL and proportion of root length comprised of fine lateral roots. The 110R also exhibited significantly greater distance from tip to nearest lateral, longer white root length, and larger proportion of root length that is white under drought stress. Mapping of fine root cortical lacunae showed similar patterns between the rootstocks; mechanical failure of cortical cells was common in the maturation zone, limited near the root tip, and increased with drought stress for both genotypes; however, lacuna formed under wetter soil conditions in 110R. Results suggest that drought resistance in grapevine rootstocks is associated with thick, limitedly branched roots with a larger proportion of white-functional roots that tend to form lacuna under more mild water deficit, all of which likely favor continued resource acquisition at depth.

scholarly journals Phenolic compound, nutritional and antioxidant profile of pollen collected by the genus melipona in North Eastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Sona Jain ◽  
Lisiane dos Santos Freitas ◽  
Edilson Divino de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Eastern Brazil

Abstract The pollen collected by eusocial bees is often reported as being healthy food due to its important nutritional and therapeutic properties. However, studies reporting such properties are rare, especially for pollen collected by the genus Melipona in northeastern Brazil, which is the focus of this research. Pollen from seven species of stingless bees was analysed for its nutritional composition (sugar, lipid, protein and amino acids). The phenolic compound profile was described based on fourteen phenolic compounds (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringin, rutin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, abscisic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and trans-cinnamic acid). The antioxidant property was analysed by quantifying of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and DPPH. Chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and amino acids. The pollen samples from the bees under study showed good concentrations of proteins and amino acids and good antioxidant potential. The phenolic compounds luteolin, trans-cinnamic acid and apigenin were identified and described in pollen for the first time. Of the amino acids analysed, asparigine, glutamic acid, leucine and proline showed the highest concentrations. The research related to the theme showed that this is one of the first studies to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and amino acids in stingless bee pollen, reflecting its importance in therapeutic use and as a food supplement.

scholarly journals The reactivity of cinnamic acid derivatives as lignin precursors

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
O. K. Karimov ◽  
G. Y. Kolchina ◽  
G. A. Teptereva ◽  
I. A. Chetvertneva ◽  
E. K. Karimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Density Functional Method ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Chemical Calculation ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

Objectives. Cinnamic acid derivatives belong to a large class of phenolic compounds, which are widely distributed in plants and have high potential for use in the medical and industrial fields. They have various useful practical properties, e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and anti-melanogenic properties. Hydroxycinnamic acids are of particular interest as phenylpropanoids, which are the starting compounds of lignin. The aim of this work was to study the electronic structure and analyze the reactivity of the simplest representatives of phenylpropanoids formed during the biosynthesis of the coumaric (p-hydroxycinnamic), caffeic (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic), ferulic (3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic), sinapic (3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxycinnamic), and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acids. These acids are the biogenetic precursors of most other phenolic compounds (coumarins, melanins, lignins, and flavonoids) and are found in almost all higher plants.Methods. Calculations with full optimization of the geometric parameters were performed using the original Hartree–Fock theory and hybrid density functional method. All calculations were performed using the Firefly program. Results. A comparative quantum chemical calculation of the geometric parameters of hydroxycinnamic acid molecules was conducted via two methods, and the values of the charges on atoms according to Mulliken were determined. It was found that with the addition of hydroxyl and methoxy substituents at the meta and para positions relative to the carboxyl fragment, the electron density shifts toward the benzene ring, and the symmetry of the molecule decreases. Additionally, in these structures, there is π,π-conjugation of the carboxyl fragment of the –СН=СНСООН molecule with the aromatic ring, which significantly affects the geometric configuration of the molecule. The maximum positive charge is concentrated on the C9 atom, while the maximum negative charge is on the oxygen atoms belonging to the methoxy substituents and the hydroxyl group, which confirms the role of oxygen atoms in the chemical transformations of acids. Conclusions. Two different methods were used to calculate the geometric, electronic, and energy parameters and electrophilicity indices of the studied hydroxycinnamic acids in the gas phase. The obtained values were consistent (within the limits of error) with the experimental data as well as the results described in earlier works’ calculations by other methods.

Differential Root Growth of FourSetariaTaxa

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Orwick ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
First Order ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Controlled Environments

We studied the early root growth of fourSetariataxa: giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), giant green foxtail [Setaria viridisvar.major(Gaud.) Posp.], robust white foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.robusta-albaSchreiber), robust purple foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.robusta-purpureaSchreiber). Growth studies in controlled environments showed significant differences in root elongation among the taxa at three photoperiods. Seminal root lengths after 4 days followed the order presented for selectivity and metabolism of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] and propazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] (robust white foxtail > giant green foxtail = robust purple foxtail > giant foxtail). Giant foxtail had the greatest root diameter, resulting in the greatest surface area and volume when lengths were equated. The order of seminal root lengths or diameters changed little after 7 days. Robust white foxtail had the most and longest first order lateral roots. Diameter of first order laterals showed giant foxtail > giant green foxtail = robust purple foxtail > robust white foxtail.

Corrigendum - Factors which affects the growth of grain legumes on a solonized brown soil. I. Genotypic responses to soil physical factors

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
BJ Atwell
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
System L

Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cvv. Yandee and 75A-258 and L. pilosus cv. P. 20957) and pea (Pisum sativum cv. Dundale) were grown in the field for 43 days on a solonized brown soil. Shoots of L. pilosus and peas grew most rapidly, while L. angustifolius cv. 75A-258 developed a relatively large root system. L. angustifolius cv. Yandee, a commercial lupin cultivar, was poorly adapted; shoot growth was restricted and roots ceased growing 36 days after sowing. The soil factors responsible for these widely differing responses were investigated. Once primary roots of L. angustifolius were 20-30 cm deep, root extension was slow or arrested. Indeed, primary root apices of Yandee were often necrotic in the soil below 20 cm. In contrast, roots proliferated rapidly in the surface 20 cm of the soil, particularly in 7SA-258, suggesting that factors in the deeper soil layers restricted root growth most severely. The vigorous growth of lateral roots of 75A-258 was reflected in a 2.6 fold greater total root length than for Yandee 43 days after sowing. Soil physical properties were not considered a likely explanation for these observations; soil water status and porosity were always favourable for root growth and root sections indicated that no cortical degradation, typical of O2 deficient roots, had occurred. Penetrometer resistance and root tip osmotic pressures suggested that poor root growth could not be ascribed simply to soil mechanical properties. The results suggest, by inference, that soil chemical factors could underlie the phenotypic responses observed.

Severity of root rot in mature subterranean clover and associated fungal pathogens in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiernan A. O'Rourke ◽  
Tim T. Scanlon ◽  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Len J. Wade ◽  
Alan C. McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Tap Root

Pasture decline is considered to be a serious challenge to agricultural productivity of subterranean clover across southern Australia. Root disease is a significant contributing factor to pasture decline. However, root disease assessments are generally carried out in the early part of the growing season and in areas predominantly sown to permanent pastures. For this reason, in spring 2004, a survey was undertaken to determine the severity of root disease in mature subterranean clover plants in pastures located in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. DNA-based soil assays were used to estimate population density in the soil of a variety of soil-borne pathogens known to commonly occur in the Mediterranean-type environments of southern Australia. The relationships between severity of disease on tap and lateral roots and root diameter, root length, nodulation, and total rainfall were determined. The survey showed, for the first time, that severe root disease is widespread in spring across the wheatbelt of Western Australia. There was a positive correlation between rainfall and tap root disease, and between tap root disease and average root diameter of the entire root system. Despite the high levels of root disease present across the sites, the DNA of most root disease pathogens assayed was detected in trace concentrations. Only Pythium Clade F showed high DNA concentrations in the soil. DNA concentrations in the soil, in particular for Phytophthora clandestina and Rhizoctonia solani AG 2.1 and AG 2.2, were higher in the smaller autumn sampling in 2006. This study suggests that the productivity of subterranean clover-based pastures is severely compromised by root rot diseases throughout the growing season in the wheatbelt of Western Australia.

scholarly journals Wine Phenolic Compounds Differently Affect the Host-Killing Activity of Two Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting the Lactic Acid Bacterium Oenococcus oeni

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Cécile Philippe ◽  
Amel Chaïb ◽  
Fety Jaomanjaka ◽  
Stéphanie Cluzet ◽  
Aurélie Lagarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Host Killing

To provide insights into phage-host interactions during winemaking, we assessed whether phenolic compounds modulate the phage predation of Oenococcus oeni. Centrifugal partition chromatography was used to fractionate the phenolic compounds of a model red wine. The ability of lytic oenophage OE33PA to kill its host was reduced in the presence of two collected fractions in which we identified five compounds. Three, namely, quercetin, myricetin and p-coumaric acid, significantly reduced the phage predation of O. oeni when provided as individual pure molecules, as also did other structurally related compounds such as cinnamic acid. Their presence was correlated with a reduced adsorption rate of phage OE33PA on its host. Strikingly, none of the identified compounds affected the killing activity of the distantly related lytic phage Vinitor162. OE33PA and Vinitor162 were shown to exhibit different entry mechanisms to penetrate into bacterial cells. We propose that ligand-receptor interactions that mediate phage adsorption to the cell surface are diverse in O. oeni and are subject to differential interference by phenolic compounds. Their presence did not induce any modifications in the cell surface as visualized by TEM. Interestingly, docking analyses suggest that quercetin and cinnamic acid may interact with the tail of OE33PA and compete with host recognition.

scholarly journals Modelling time variations of root diameter and elongation rate as related to assimilate supply and demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3524-3534
Author(s):  
Loïc Pagès ◽  
Marie Bernert ◽  
Guillaume Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Maximal Diameter

Abstract In a given root system, individual roots usually exhibit a rather homogeneous tip structure although highly different diameters and growth patterns, and this diversity is of prime importance in the definition of the whole root system architecture and foraging characteristics. In order to represent and predict this diversity, we built a simple and generic model at root tip level combining structural and functional knowledge on root elongation. The tip diameter, reflecting meristem size, is used as a driving variable of elongation. It varies, in response to the fluctuations of photo-assimilate availability, between two limits (minimal and maximal diameter). The elongation rate is assumed to be dependent on the transient value of the diameter. Elongation stops when the tip reaches the minimal diameter. The model could satisfactorily reproduce patterns of root elongation and tip diameter changes observed in various species at different scales. Although continuous, the model could generate divergent root classes as classically observed within populations of lateral roots. This model should help interpret the large plasticity of root elongation patterns which can be obtained in response to different combinations of endogenous and exogenous factors. The parameters could be used in phenotyping the root system.

scholarly journals Effects of Cadmium on Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Erica andevalensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Márquez-García ◽  
M. Ángeles Fernández-Recamales ◽  
Francisco Córdoba
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Erica Andevalensis

We evaluated the effects of cadmium on phenolic composition of Erica andevalensis, an endemic protected heather that grows in mine affected soils. Plants cultivated under laboratory-controlled conditions were exposed to acute doses of cadmium to investigate the mechanisms this species possesses to survive in the presence of toxic metals in its natural habitat. Cadmium increased the total levels of phenolics and flavonoids compounds, and the total antioxidant capacity. Cinnamic acid derivatives, epicatechin, and rutin were increased in the presence of cadmium when applied in levels that did not alter the ratio of chlorophylls. Phenolic compounds play an important role in the metabolism of E. andevalensis to survive in heavy metal polluted soils.

Expression of a Bet v 1 homologue gene encoding a PR 10 protein in birch roots: induction by auxin and localization of the transcripts by in situ hybridization

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Poupard ◽  
Nicole Brunel ◽  
Nathalie Leduc ◽  
Jean-Daniel Viémont ◽  
Désiré-Georges Strullu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Bet V 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In birch roots (Betula pendula Roth), two members of the Bet v 1 gene family which encode PR 10 proteins have previously been characterized. One of these members, named Bet v 1-sc1, is significantly induced in response to biotic or abiotic factors. We have analysed the expression of Bet v 1-sc1 in birch roots treated either with 1 M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 1 M kinetin using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), northern blotting and competitive PCR. High accumulation of the Bet v 1-sc1 transcripts was recorded only after auxin application, while kinetin had no effect. By in situ hybridization, we have investigated the localization of Bet v 1-sc1 mRNA in birch roots after induction of the gene by root treatment with 1 M IAA. Using root tip sections, we showed that Bet v 1-sc1 is significantly expressed in the apical meristem and the procambium. In sections taken in the zone producing lateral roots, the presence of Bet v 1-sc1 was found at sites of emerging secondary root primordia. This first report of localization of Bet v 1-sc1 expression suggests that this gene could be involved in the processes leading to lateral root initiation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document