Phylogenetic relationships vs. phenotypic diversity: how to achieve a phylogenetic classification system of the eubacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erko Stackebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Hierarchic System

To establish a hierarchic classification system, ranks cannot be defined by the exclusive and inflexible application of phylogenetic parameters. Because both stability and practicality are prerequisites for a successful system, decisions about the delineation of genera must be made by combining phylogenetic coherency with unifying phenotypic properties of taxonomic value consistent with the needs of a hierarchic system. The phylogenetic depth (age) of a genus has no influence on the decision as long as the members of the genus can be reliably identified as such. The description of those higher taxa that are not easily definable today because of the lack of common phenotypic properties must be postponed until new insights are available. In the end this approach will be both phylogenetic and practical, thus avoiding the use of two classification systems.

Resolved phylogenetic relationships in the Ocotea complex ( Supraocotea ) facilitate phylogenetic classification and studies of character evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-679
Author(s):  
Juan C. Penagos Zuluaga ◽  
Henk Werff ◽  
Brian Park ◽  
Deren A. R. Eaton ◽  
Liza S. Comita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification

scholarly journals Toward the Development of a Comprehensive Clinically Oriented Patient Profile: A Systematic Review of the Purpose, Characteristic, and Methodological Quality of Classification Systems of Adult Spinal Deformity

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Yat Hong Kwan ◽  
J Naresh-Babu ◽  
Wilco Jacobs ◽  
Marinus de Kleuver ◽  
David W Polly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Patient Profile

Abstract BACKGROUND Existing adult spinal deformity (ASD) classification systems are based on radiological parameters but management of ASD patients requires a holistic approach. A comprehensive clinically oriented patient profile and classification of ASD that can guide decision-making and correlate with patient outcomes is lacking. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review to determine the purpose, characteristic, and methodological quality of classification systems currently used in ASD. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science for literature published between January 2000 and October 2018. From the included studies, list of classification systems, their methodological measurement properties, and correlation with treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Out of 4470 screened references, 163 were included, and 54 different classification systems for ASD were identified. The most commonly used was the Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab classification system. A total of 35 classifications were based on radiological parameters, and no correlation was found between any classification system levels with patient-related outcomes. Limited evidence of limited quality was available on methodological quality of the classification systems. For studies that reported the data, intraobserver and interobserver reliability were good (kappa = 0.8). CONCLUSION This systematic literature search revealed that current classification systems in clinical use neither include a comprehensive set of dimensions relevant to decision-making nor did they correlate with outcomes. A classification system comprising a core set of patient-related, radiological, and etiological characteristics relevant to the management of ASD is needed.

Computerized Cone Penetration Test for Soil Classification

2008 ◽  
Vol 2053 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh ◽  
Zhongjie Zhang ◽  
Mehmet Tumay ◽  
Mark Morvant
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Cone Tip Resistance ◽  
Tip Resistance

Computerized MS-Windows Visual Basic software of a cone penetration test (CPT) for soil classification was developed as part of an extensive effort to facilitate the implementation of CPT technology in many geotechnical engineering applications. Five CPT soil engineering classification systems were implemented as a handy, user-friendly, software tool for geotechnical engineers. In the probabilistic region estimation and fuzzy classification methods, a conformal transformation is first applied to determine the profile of soil classification index (U) with depth from cone tip resistance (qc) and friction ratio (Rf). A statistical correlation was established in the probabilistic region estimation method between the U index and the compositional soil type given by the Unified Soil Classification System. Conversely, the CPT fuzzy classification emphasizes the certainty of soil behavior. The Schmertmann and Douglas and Olsen methods provide soil classification charts based on cone tip resistance and friction ratio. However, Robertson et al. proposed a three-dimensional classification system that is presented in two charts: one chart uses corrected tip resistance (qt) and friction ratio (Rf); the other chart uses qt and pore pressure parameter (Bq) as input data. Five sites in Louisiana were selected for this study. For each site, CPT tests and the corresponding soil boring results were correlated. The soil classification results obtained using the five different CPT soil classification methods were compared.

Yoruba Disease Classifications for Planning in Health Care

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Brieger ◽  
Jayashree Ramakrishna ◽  
Joshua D. Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
General Point ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Illness And Disease ◽  
Point Of Departure

An understanding of local concepts of illness and disease that underlie disease classification systems is essential for designing culturally relevant training programs in primary health care. Prior to training personnel in primary health care in Idere, Nigeria, residents were interviewed revealing that two main groups of disease exist. Generally, arun is serious, chronic and contagious, while aisan represents temporary indispositions. When given seventeen conditions to classify, respondents clearly demarked five as arun and five as aisan while the remainder fell in a grey area in between. Ironically, malaria which is a dangerous disease to young children, was classified as aisan. The disease classification system is being used as a general point of departure for discussion during training. Concerning training on the specific diseases, appropriate ideas are reinforced while others are modified all within the context of the local classification system.

scholarly journals Do audiological classification systems cause more confusion than clarity?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Access To Services

The lack of a single classification system is clearly problematic, not least because it renders intervention studies difficult to interpret and has implications for patient access to services.

Herpetological higher taxa nomina. 7. Lissamphibia Gadow, 1898

Bionomina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
ALAIN DUBOIS ◽  
THIERRY FRÉTEY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
The One

A taxon encompassing all recent taxa of amphibians and their close fossil relatives is highly supported as holophyletic in all recent phylogenetic analyses of amphibians. Under the Duplostensional Nomenclatural System, among twenty nomina available for this taxon, only one, Lissamphibia Gadow, 1898, qualifies as a sozodiaphonym and appears to be the one that should be used for this taxon, traditionally referred to the rank order. However, because of the current uncertainties in the phylogenetic relationships among basal amphibians, the allocation of this nomen to this taxon is still questionable. If it turned out to apply in fact to another, more comprehensive, taxon, its stabilisation under its current acceptation should be realised through an act of archoidy.

Evolution of Hotel Classification System in Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich KOZLOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Classification System ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tourism Organization

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the approaches to the system of classification of accommodation facilities in the Russian Federation. The United Nations World Tourism Organization pays great attention to the unification of classification systems for accommodation facilities in all countries of the world, issuing appropriate recommendations on tourism statistics systems, classification of economic activities, as well as criteria for interregional harmonization. In the Russian Federation, there are a number of laws, regulations, state standards, building and sanitary norms and rules concerning the classification of accommodation facilities. They are so imperfect that they have to be revised almost annually or even several times a year. The general statistics of accommodation facilities currently do not correspond to world recommendations. The classification system needs to be revised and brought into line with international standards as much as possible.

Classification Systems for Ship Items: A Formal Approach and Its Application

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Adrian Birbanescu-Biran
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Design System ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Damage Stability ◽  
Mass Properties ◽  
Formal Definitions ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Hierarchic System

Calculation of masses and moments of ship items is carried out mainly to establish the main ship dimensions, to assess intact and damage stability and to estimate cost. The mass properties of ship items can be systematically summed over subgroups, groups, and main groups of items if these are classified according to a hierarchical system. The process can be facilitated and eventually automated by assigning each item a classification number that induces the desired hierarchic system. Formal definitions and conventions are presented for constructing such numbers. Accepted classification systems such as SWBS, MARAD, and SFI were analyzed briefly in the light of the proposed formalism and corrections were proposed for the MARAD system. The results of this analysis were used to develop a program for summing mass properties at the level of detail specified by the user, that is, at the level of subgroups, groups, or main groups of ship items. This program was written as part of a computer-aided design system integrated around a relational database. The availability of the program also enabled a significant reduction of the redundancy of stored data.

Abstract WP260: The Left Atrial Appendage Morphology Improves Prediction of Appendage Stagnant Flow and Stroke Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Using a Simple Classification System

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Yaghi ◽  
Andrew Chang ◽  
Gian Ignacio ◽  
Erica Scher ◽  
Nikhil Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Current System ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Atrial Appendage ◽  
Simple Classification

Background and Purpose: Previously we proposed a simple classification system of the left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology, with low risk (LAA-L) defined as one lobe with an acute angle bend arising from the proximal or middle portion and high risk (LAA-H) defined as all other morphologies. We aim to determine the association between LAA morphology (using both classification systems), LAA flow velocity, and stroke rates. Methods: We analyzed consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) selected for ablation who underwent cardiac CT angiography and transesophageal echocardiogram. The primary correlates were LAA-H and non-chicken wing (NCW) LAA morphology. The primary outcome was the composite endpoint of history of ischemic stroke/TIA or non-lacunar infarct on neuroimaging. Adjusting for CHADS2Vasc score, multivariable models were used to determine associations between LAA morphology and composite outcomes. Results: We identified 379 patients; the primary endpoint occurred in 32/379 patients (8.4%). LAA-H (adjusted OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.44-9.14) and NCW LAA morphology (adjusted OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.15-5.53) were associated with the primary endpoint. LAA flow velocity ≤20 cm/s was more common in LAA-H vs. LAA-L (9.6% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.019), but not in NCW vs. CW LAA morphology (9.7% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.054). Conclusion: The LAA H/L morphological classification system may be superior to the current system in risk stratifying patients with AF and correlates better with impaired LAA flow dynamics.

Ceramic Organization in the Spanish Atlantic (COSA)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ness
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Spanish Atlantic

“Ceramic Organization in the Spanish Atlantic (COSA)” presents the vessel-based classification system for Spanish ceramics, Ceramic Organization in the Spanish Atlantic (COSA) that was developed for this study. Using a combination of texts and archaeological evidence, the chapter describes twenty-five vessel forms commonly referenced in early modern texts and found in contemporary Spanish and Spanish-American houses. These descriptions are accompanied by line drawings depicting the images so as to make the system useful for other scholars working on similar sites. In addition to COSA, this chapter discusses the discrepancies between Spanish and American ceramic classification systems and the benefits of using a vessel-based system that offers an emic (user-ascribed) perspective and provides insights into the uses and purposes of archaeologically recovered artifacts.

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