Effects on soybean seed yield by members of 123 serocluster and USDA 110 in the greenhouse and in soils low in indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 984-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McLoughlin ◽  
S. G. Alt ◽  
R. G. Gonzalez ◽  
J. Romero-Severson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Inoculum Rate

USDA 123spc and USDA 110str were inoculated on three soybean cultivars in a pot experiment in the greenhouse. USDA 110str yielded 33% more seed than USDA 123spc (P < 0.01). In a low-Bradyrhizobium soil (10 cells/g) at Arlington, WI, three members of the 123 serocluster (USDA 123spc, NJ2-lastr, and I-123spc), USDA 110, and USDA 138 were inoculated at a rate of 1 × 108 cells/2.5-cm row on two soybean cultivars. The inoculum strains formed 100% of the nodules. There was no difference (P < 0.05) in seed yield between any of the inoculum strains on either cultivar. In a low-Bradyrhizobium (102 cells/g), low-N soil, in Georgia, USDA 110, USDA 110str, and two members of the 123 serocluster (USDA 123spc and NJ2-lastr) were inoculated at an inoculum rate of 1 × 108 cell/2.5-cm row on two soybean cultivars. Plots were fertilized with 156 kg of N ha−1, or no N was applied. Serogroup 110 formed 59–90% of the nodules and serocluster 123 formed 48–82% of the nodules on the cultivars. There were no differences in seed yield between the inoculum strains, except that on cv. Gordon with added N, USDA 110 resulted in higher seed yield than USDA 123spc. The uninoculated control plots with cv. Braxton (without added N) also had a better seed yield (P < 0.05) than plots inoculated with USDA 123spc. In summary, inoculation with USDA 110str resulted in higher soybean seed yield than inoculation with USDA 123spc under greenhouse conditions, but not always under field conditions. Key words: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, field trials, seed yield.

SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE OF THE HUP−Bradyrhizobium japonicum STRAIN 532C in ONTARIO SOYBEAN FIELD TRIALS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. HUME ◽  
B. J. SHELP
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Available N ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Consistent Performance

Field trials were conducted at different sites close to Guelph, Ontario, from 1981 to 1985, to evaluate the effects of Hup+ and Hup− strains on the performance of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) and to identify strains that could support high soybean yields under Ontario conditions. Each year six individual strains, Nitragin Soil Implant granular inoculant and an uninoculated control were compared for their effect on soybean yield. Soil at each experimental site was relatively free of indigenous B. japonicum as exhibited by an average of less than one nodule per plant from the uninoculated control plots. Inoculation with Hup+ or Hup− strains of B. japonicum caused similar average soybean seed yield. Of the inoculants tested (strains as well as commercial inoculant), the Hup− strain, 532C, also known as strain 61A152, supported the highest yields in 4 of the 5 yr. Omitting 1982 data, when soil available N was high and the uninoculated control had yields equivalent to inoculated plots, 532C treatments averaged 3.08 t ha−1 compared to 2.70 for 61A89, 2.84 for 61A133, 2.83 for the commercial inoculant and 1.96 for the uninoculated control. The consistent performance of 532C across years and locations suggested major advantages for this strain. Strain 532C is now being used as a single strain in five of the seven inoculants sold in Ontario.Key words: Soybean, inoculation, Hup+, seed yield

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen on Seed Yield, Protein Content and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean (Glycine max L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Morshed ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Botany Department

A pot experiment was conducted at the experimental space of Botany Department, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka during rabi season 2004-2005 to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) on yield, protein content and nutrient uptake of soybean using G-2 (Bangladesh soybean-4) as test crop. Rates of N used were 0 (N1), 10.58 (N2), 15.87 (N3), 21.16 (N4), 26.45 (N5) and 31.74 (N6) kg ha-1 equivalent to 0, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of recommended N doses. Seeds were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium inoculum before sowing. Nitrogen application progressively and significantly increased the yield of soybean upto the N rate of 26.45 kg ha-1 where the highest seed yield of 6.85 g plant-1 was obtained. Nutrient uptake and protein content in seeds also increased with increasing levels of N (up to the same rate of 26.45 kg N ha-1). It is concluded that application of 25% higher N over BARC recommendation could give maximum seed yield, protein content and nutrient uptake by soybean seed. Key words: Soybean, nitrogen, yield, nutrient, protein. doi:10.3329/jard.v6i1.1652 J Agric Rural Dev 6(1&2), 13-17, June 2008

Response of glyphosate-resistant soybean to dicamba spray tank contamination during vegetative and reproductive growth stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

The anticipated availability of dicamba-resistant crops will increase the potential for crop injury to non-dicamba-resistant soybean due to dicamba spray tank contamination. A total of eight field trials were conducted at various locations in Ontario, Canada during 2012–2014 to determine the response of non-dicamba-resistant soybean to dicamba spray tank contamination at 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 g a.e. ha−1 applied postemergence (POST) at the V2-3 (2–3 trifoliate) or R1 (1st flower) stage. At one week after treatment (WAT), dicamba applied at 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 g a.e. ha−1 at V2-3 caused 12, 18, 25, 31, 43, 53, and 66% visible injury in soybean, respectively. Injury increased at 2 and 4 WAT and decreased by 8 WAT with 68% visible injury observed at the highest dose. Dicamba applied at R1 caused 23, 28, 36, 40, 48, 61, and 73% visible injury in soybean at 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 g a.e. ha−1, respectively. The predicted dose of dicamba to reduce soybean seed yield 1, 5, 10, 20 or 50% was 1.1, 5.8, 11.8, 25.2, and >60 g a.e. ha−1 when applied at V2-3 and <0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.3, and 11.5 g a.e. ha−1 when applied at R1, respectively. Results show that dicamba spray tank contamination of as little as 0.75 g a.e. ha−1 can cause significant crop injury in non-dicamba-resistant soybean when applied during the vegetative or reproductive stages.

Effect of numbers of Bradyrhizobium japonicum applied in commercial inoculants on soybean seed yield in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hume ◽  
D. H. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cubic Equation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Commercial Inoculants

In the absence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum populations in the soil, yields of field-grown soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) usually respond to inoculation with B. japonicum. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between numbers of B. japonicum per seed in inoculants and soybean nodulation and yield. A total of six field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 on new soybean soils. In dilution trials, Grip inoculant was applied to provide approximately 106, 105, 104, and 103B. japonicum per seed at two locations in 1989. Nodule number and mass, as well as seed yield, increased curvilinearly upward with increasing log10 most probable numbers (MPNs) of B. japonicum. The yield response curve was best fit by a cubic equation, which accounted for 97% of the variation in yield. Seed yields increased 19% (1.83 to 2.13 Mg/ha) from 105 to 106B. japonicum per seed. In field experiments involving 8 commercial inoculants in 1989 and 10 in 1990, and conducted at two locations in each year, responses to increasing log MPNs in the inoculants also were concave upwards and cubic. In the two years, 78 and 46% of the yield variation was accounted for by log MPN per seed. Increasing MPN per seed from 105 to 106 improved yields in first-time fields by an average of 24%, indicating the present minimum standard of 105B. japonicum per seed should be increased. Key words: most probable numbers, response to inoculation, nodulation, Glycine max (L.) Merrill.

Interference Between Soybeans (Glycine max) and Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Under Indiana Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Henry ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Over Time

The effects of interference between soybeans and common cocklebur were investigated. Common cocklebur interference reduced soybean growth at each of four sample dates during the growing season. The area of interference surrounding individual common cocklebur plants within the soybean row fluctuated over time with respect to intensity and spatial distribution. Soybean growth was significantly reduced up to 10 cm away from individual cocklebur plants at 6 weeks after planting (WAP), 30 cm at 8 WAP, 20 to 30 cm at 10 WAP, and 40 cm at 12 WAP. The maximum possible distance of cocklebur influence, determined by regression analysis, also varied during the growing season. When areas of interference from adjacent cocklebur plants overlapped, the cumulative influence was found to be additive, especially late in the growing season. Soybean interference caused a 50 to 90% reduction in the size of common cocklebur plants grown within the soybean row compared to plants grown without interference. At harvest, soybean yield was reduced up to 40 to 50 cm within the row from individual cocklebur plants. The maximum distance of interference on one side of individual cocklebur plants was 75 cm. One cocklebur plant reduced soybean yield 16.0% within 1.5 m of soybean row as the result of full-season interference. Interference of common cocklebur plants spaced 60 cm apart within the row overlapped and caused an additive reduction in soybean seed yield. Across all cocklebur treatments, there was a consistent ratio of approximately 1 kg/ha loss in soybean seed yield for each 4 kg/ha of cocklebur herbage produced.

scholarly journals Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean Cultivars Under Intensive Cropping Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon ◽  
Francelino Peteno de Camargo ◽  
Natan Angelo Seraglio ◽  
Alan de Ornelas Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sustainable agricultural systems are necessary to improve soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield and to increase nutrient use efficiency. Intensification of agricultural systems is an important tool to increase farmers&rsquo; profitability in the Cerrado region (Brazil), where soybean is rotated with corn in the same growing season. However, this intensification requires soybean cultivar with short growing periods which is achieved by indeterminate soybean cultivars. There is a lack of information regarding the nutrient uptake by soybean cultivars under intensive agricultural systems in the Cerrado. We sought to investigate soybean biomass production and soybean seed yield of determinate and indeterminate soybean cultivars. We also aimed to quantify the amounts of nutrients taken up by soybean biomass and seeds. Field research was conducted to evaluate 17 soybean cultivars commonly grown by farmers, and we considered the determinate and indeterminate soybean growth habit. Nutrient uptake and aboveground soybean biomass were higher under shorter soybean growth and development cycles. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium extraction in modern cultivars was higher than in cultivars used in past decades. Nutrient use efficiency was higher in determinate soybean cultivars than in indeterminate soybean cultivars.

scholarly journals 551 Evaluation of Vegetable Soybeans for Green Bean Yield and Nutritional Quality

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 541B-541
Author(s):  
M.S.S. Rao ◽  
Ajmer S. Bhagsari ◽  
Ali I. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

In Asian countries and among the oriental populations in the United States, vegetable soybeans are consumed much the same way as green peas are consumed. A need exists for developing soybean cultivars adapted to the U.S. environments to take advantage of the economic potential of vegetable soybeans for both domestic and international markets. During 1997, 12 vegetable soybean genotypes of exotic origin and two local U.S. soybean cultivars were evaluated for their agronomic performance in a randomized complete block, with four replications, at the Agric. Res. Stn. FVSU, Ga. At the R6 stage (when the seeds are of full size and still immature), plants from a half-meter-row length were sampled from each plot to estimate green pod and seed yield, and determine the nutritional quality of green beans. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for the agronomic and biochemical parameters studied. The green seed yield ranged from 7.1 (cv. Ware) to 14.0 Mg·ha–1 (cv. Tanbagura). Three cultivars, Tomahamare, Mian Yan, and Tousan-122, produced green seed yields in excess of 12 Mg·ha–1. The number of green pods varied between 1518 (Tanbagura) and 3526/m2 (cv. Hutcheson). The green bean oil and protein contents, ranged from 53.1 to 105.4 and from 354.2 and 418.3 g·kg–1, respectively. Thus, the green seeds contained only 30% of oil, but 50% to 80% of protein normally found in mature soybean seed. The glucose content was between 4.1% and 7.0%, while the phytate content varied between 0.93% and 1.3%. T he green seed yield was significantly correlated with number of green pods, number of green seeds, and green pod weight. This study showed that some exotic vegetable soybean genotypes may be suitable for production in the southeastern U.S.

Persistence of introduced Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains in forming nodules in subsequent years after inoculation in Wisconsin soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 794-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McLoughlin ◽  
S. G. Alt ◽  
P. A. Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Successful Inoculation ◽  
Japonicum Strain ◽  
Different Soils

Nodulation of soybeans by indigenous and inoculum strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was studied in field experiments in Wisconsin from 1983 to 86. Aqueous suspensions of bacteria were applied to seeds at the time of planting at levels of 7 × 107–1010 bacteria per 2.5-cm row. The predominant indigenous serogroup was 123 in these soils. Six different inoculum strains were used (two from serocluster 123, two from serogroup 110, and one each from serogroups 122 and C1). Nodule occupants were identified using spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutations in the inoculum strains, phage typing, and serotyping. In the 1983 experiment, the majority of nodules were formed by the inoculum strains in almost all cases (up to 100% in some cases), in two different soils containing 3.5 × 105 indigenous B. japonicum per gram. After 2 years without inoculation at the same two site, the inoculum strains did not form many nodules on uninoculated soybeans (less than 10% in most cases; less than 30% in all cases). In inoculation experiments carried out in 1985 and 1986, four inoculum strains were used (3 members of 123 serocluster and USDA 110str); inocula containing 108 bacteria per 2.5-cm row formed less than42%ofthe nodules in soils containing 1 × 104–4 × 104B. japonicum per gram. The major conclusions are (i) the success of inoculation in Midwestern U.S. soils is highly variable, even with members of the (highly competitive) 123 serocluster, and (ii) successful inoculation in 1 year in a Wisconsin soil does not ensure that the inoculated strain will persist in forming nodules in that field in subsequent years without further inoculation. Key words: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, strain persistence, field trials.

scholarly journals Response of early maturity soybean cultivars to row spacing in full-season crop and double-crop systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Christina Raptopoulou ◽  
Vassilios Aggelopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Group I ◽  
Crop System

Cultivar selection and crop systems are important factors for maximising soybean seed yield. The effect of row spacing (RS1 = 75 cm, RS2 = 25 cm) on the performance of 10 early maturity soybean cultivars grown in full-season and double-crop system for two consecutive years was studied. The agronomic traits measured were seed yield (SY), plant height (PH), pods per plant (PP), first pod height (FPH), crude protein. RS had a significant effect on SY, PH, PP and FPH. Higher SY (P &lt; 0.01) was recorded in RS2 regardless of the crop system. The double-crop system yield reduction index of the tested cultivars ranged from 30.0% to 56.4% and from 21.5% to 57.2% for RS1 and RS2, respectively. Cultivars differed (P &lt; 0.01) for all traits in both RS and crop systems. Maturity Group I cultivars showed the highest productivity; the cultivars PR92B63 and Atlantic were better adapted to the full-season crop system (SY &gt; 5.67 t/ha); cv. Sphera was the most productive in the double-crop system (4.66 t/ha); cv. PR92M22 showed good adaptability to both cropping systems. In conclusion, the significant effect of RS and crop system on SY was observed, whereas different high yielding cultivars were identified as suitable for full-season and double-crop system.

Interactions Between Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars and Selected Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Monks ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Competition of weeds was characterized by determining the distance down the soybean row that a weed affects soybean biomass and yield. Field studies were conducted for 2 yr to compare competitive effects of common cocklebur, johnsongrass, Palmer amaranth, sicklepod, and tall morningglory on ‘Forrest’ and ‘Centennial’ soybeans. The weeds did not significantly reduce soybean biomass for 6 weeks after emergence. Palmer amaranth, common cocklebur, and tall morningglory had the greatest biomass by 6 weeks after emergence. However, only competition from common cocklebur and Palmer amaranth measurably reduced soybean biomass during the growing season. Biomass of Forrest and Centennial soybeans was reduced when these cultivars were growing within 12.5 and 50 cm of common cocklebur, respectively. Johnsongrass, sicklepod, and tall morningglory grew more slowly than the other weeds and had no measurable competitive effects on soybean biomass. Soybean competition reduced biomass of all weeds 90 to 97%. Soybean cultivar influenced the level and duration of competitiveness depending on the weed species present. Biomass of both soybean cultivars was reduced when they were growing within 50 cm of Palmer amaranth. Soybean seed yield was reduced when soybeans were growing within 25 cm of common cocklebur and Palmer amaranth and also when they were growing within 12.5 cm of tall morningglory. Sicklepod had no effect on soybean seed yield.

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