Microtubule organization during the cell cycle of cultured Vicia hajastana Grossh.

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Simmonds ◽  
E. Conibear ◽  
G. Setterfield
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Plant Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Hoechst 33258 ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Late Telophase

Microtubule (MT) organization was examined at each stage of the cell cycle in cell suspension cultures of Vicia hajastana Grossh. Simultaneous staining of MTs by immunofluorescence and DNA by Hoechst 33258, and microfluorimetric quantitation of DNA in interphase allowed direct correlation of MT configuration with mitotic stage and with G1, S, and G2 of interphase. The results indicated that in the majority of the cells the cortical MTs were disorganized in early G1, but then organized rapidly into parallel transverse arrays, remained ordered throughout S, and lost order in G2, probably near the onset of mitosis. A wide range of cell sizes were found in S, indicating that entry into S was loosely controlled. Preprophase bands, present in 55–80% of cells in prophase were observed in both disorganized cell clumps and regular cell files, indicating they were not exclusively associated with organized patterns of growth and division. In many cells, short MTs or MT clusters were observed in the cell cortex during all stages of mitosis. These MT remnants may serve as nucleating centres for new cortical MTs, which appear in late telophase as a disordered network. Ordering of MT occurs later in G1, indicating that MT nucleation and organization are two different processes.Key words: interphase, microfluorimetry, microtubules, mitosis, plant cell culture.

Phenolics from Cell Suspension Cultures of Penstemon serrulatus; Relation to Plant Organs

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Skrzypek ◽  
Halina Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Glycosides ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract By repeated selection of pigment portions of tissue the red callus induced from root seed­lings of Penstemon serrulatus Menz. was chosen for suspension culture, which was maintained in Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (0.2 mg/l), 6-benzylaminopurine (2 mg/l) and sucrose (50 g/l). From the cultured cells eight phenolic compounds were isolated. They were identified as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, luteolin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, norartocarpetin 7-O-glucoside, verbascoside, martynoside and leucosceptoside A. The kind of cell line, its age and light irradiation were important factors in flavonoid production, but production of phenylpropanoid glycosides was found to be unaffected by these factors. The phenolic composition found in the cell culture was compared with those in the flowers and leaves of original plants of P. serrulatus.

Indole Alkaloids from Cell Suspension Cultures of Stemmadenia tomentosa and Voacanga africana

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 857-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Stöckigt ◽  
Karl-Heinz Pawelka ◽  
Ana Rother ◽  
Brigitte Deus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Growth Condition ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Normal Growth Condition ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Cell suspension cultures of Stemmadenia tomentosa synthesized under normal growth condition the eight major indole alkaloids: (-)-tabersonine, (-)-minovincinine, (+)-conoflorine (voaphyl-line), condylocarpine, (+)-tubotaiwine (dihydrocondylocarpine), (-)-norfluorocurarine (vin-canine), (-)-vinervine, and (-)-coronaridine. These alkaloids consist of the three different types, Aspidosperma, Strychnos and Iboga. In contrast, cultures o f Voacanga africana produced mainly one alkaloid group (Aspidosperma-type) represented by (-)-tabersonine, lochnericine and (-)-minovincinine. Therefore this cell culture seems to be qualified for investigation concerning the biosynthesis of Aspidosperma alkaloids.

Elicitor-induced Changes of Enzyme Activities Related to Isoflavone and Pterocarpan Accumulation in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cell Suspension Cultures

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Daniel ◽  
Walter Hinderer ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
L Cell

The extractable activities of thirteen enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism have been measured in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cell suspension cultures after treatment with an elicitor from the fungus Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. The cell culture, derived from the A. rabiei resistant cultivar ILC 3279, constitutively accumulated the isoflavones biochanin A and formononetin together with their 7-O-glucosides and the 7-O-glucoside-6″-malonates. After elicitor application the cells rapidly form the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain. Among the enzymes of primary metabolism only the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibited a significant increase in activity with a maximum four hours after application of the elicitor. In phenylpropane metabolism the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase were enhanced by the elicitor and exhibited highest levels after four hours. In contrast the chalcone isomerase activity was not influenced by the elicitor. A substantial enhancement occurred with the isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity eight hours after elicitor application. The results suggest that in this cell culture the elicitor-induced biosynthesis of pterocarpan phytoalexins was accompanied with a rapid and transient increase of those enzyme activities which are located at branching points of related pathways, i.e. pentose phosphate cycle, general phenylpropane metabolism, flavonoid formation and isoflavone conjugation.

Elicitor Induction of Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenases in Cell Suspension Cultures of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Their Involvement in Pterocarpan Phytoalexin Biosynthesis

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Gunia ◽  
Walter Hinderer ◽  
Uta Wittkampf ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Culture Line ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Abstract A yeast glucan elicitor causes the accumulation of the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cell suspension cultures established from seeds. A cell culture line from a chickpea cultivar resistant against its main fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei accumulates large amounts (944 nm ol/g fr. wt.) whereas a cell culture line from a susceptible cultivar accumulates only low amounts (38 nm ol/g fr. wt.) of the phytoalexins. This is consistent with differential accumulation of pterocarpan phytoalexins in intact plants [1], The first reactions in the pterocarpan-specific branch of biosynthesis are hydroxylation of the isoflavone intermediate form ononetin in position 2′ or 3′, catalyzed by microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. Upon elicitation form ononetin 2′-hydroxylase undergoes a strong transient induction in the cell suspension culture of the resistant cultivar, whereas in the cell culture from the susceptible cultivar it is only slightly induced. In both cell suspension cul­tures the induction of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase and of form ononetin 3′-hydroxylase does not show a clear correlation with phytoalexin accumulation. Experiments with different elici­tor concentrations confirm that formononetin 2′-hydroxylase is much more induced in cell cul­tures from the resistant cultivar than from the susceptible one. It is concluded that the massive difference in phytoalexin accumulation between cell suspension cultures from the resistant and susceptible cultivar is determined mainly by the differential induction of form ononetin 2′-hydroxylase activity.

Elicitation of ß-l,3-Glucanase and Chitinase Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures of Ascochyta rabiei Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Chickpea ( Cicer avietinum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Vogelsang ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Incompatible Interaction

Abstract β-1,3-Glucanase and chitinase activities have been analyzed in cell suspension cultures of an A scochyta rabiei resistant ILC 3279 and a susceptible ILC 1929 cultivar of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) following treatment with an elicitor derived from this fungal pathogen. A facile method to determine both hydrolase activities in the cell culture medium was established. Significantly higher constitutive and elicitor-induced levels of both hydrolase activities were found in the medium of the ILC 3279 cell culture. The release of these enzyme activities is not due to cell lysis, but rather the consequence of a secretion mechanism. The cells of the resistant line contained a 5 times higher level of chitinase activity in comparison to the ILC 1929 cell culture, whereas the latter cells possessed a 3 times higher β -1,3-glucanase activity. The results are interpreted that accumulation of extracellular hydrolase activities may play an important role among the various plant defense mechanisms previously determined for the incompatible interaction between the resistant cultivar and its fungal pathogen.

scholarly journals Subcellular Localization of LGN During Mitosis: Evidence for Its Cortical Localization in Mitotic Cell Culture Systems and Its Requirement for Normal Cell Cycle Progression

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 3144-3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna Kaushik ◽  
Fengwei Yu ◽  
William Chia ◽  
Xiaohang Yang ◽  
Sami Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Cos Cells ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Cortical Localization

Mammalian LGN/AGS3 proteins and their Drosophila Pins orthologue are cytoplasmic regulators of G-protein signaling. In Drosophila, Pins localizes to the lateral cortex of polarized epithelial cells and to the apical cortex of neuroblasts where it plays important roles in their asymmetric division. Using overexpression studies in different cell line systems, we demonstrate here that, like Drosophila Pins, LGN can exhibit enriched localization at the cell cortex, depending on the cell cycle and the culture system used. We find that in WISH, PC12, and NRK but not COS cells, LGN is largely directed to the cell cortex during mitosis. Overexpression of truncated protein domains further identified the Gα-binding C-terminal portion of LGN as a sufficient domain for cortical localization in cell culture. In mitotic COS cells that normally do not exhibit cortical LGN localization, LGN is redirected to the cell cortex upon overexpression of Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins. The results also show that the cortical localization of LGN is dependent on microfilaments and that interfering with LGN function in cultured cell lines causes early disruption to cell cycle progression.

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