Indole Alkaloids from Cell Suspension Cultures of Stemmadenia tomentosa and Voacanga africana

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 857-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Stöckigt ◽  
Karl-Heinz Pawelka ◽  
Ana Rother ◽  
Brigitte Deus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Growth Condition ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Normal Growth Condition ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Cell suspension cultures of Stemmadenia tomentosa synthesized under normal growth condition the eight major indole alkaloids: (-)-tabersonine, (-)-minovincinine, (+)-conoflorine (voaphyl-line), condylocarpine, (+)-tubotaiwine (dihydrocondylocarpine), (-)-norfluorocurarine (vin-canine), (-)-vinervine, and (-)-coronaridine. These alkaloids consist of the three different types, Aspidosperma, Strychnos and Iboga. In contrast, cultures o f Voacanga africana produced mainly one alkaloid group (Aspidosperma-type) represented by (-)-tabersonine, lochnericine and (-)-minovincinine. Therefore this cell culture seems to be qualified for investigation concerning the biosynthesis of Aspidosperma alkaloids.

scholarly journals Optimization of Different Factors for Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Suspension Cultures in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Tripathi ◽  
Niraj Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
Gyanendra Tiwari ◽  
Nishi Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Santalum Album L ◽  
Embryogenic Tissues

Santalum album (L.) is a prized tropical tree species of high therapeutic and industrial importance. The wood of these naturally grown plants is extensively harvested to acquire therapeutically important metabolite santalol and be used for additional functions such as in wood statuette industries. Due to high demand, it is crucial to maintain a sufficient plant population. An easy protocol for establishing cell suspension culture initiated from the loose embryogenic callus mass of sandalwood was realized by shifting 6–8-week-old morphogenic calli acquired from the mature embryonic axis and cotyledon explant cultures in fluid media. The asynchronous embryogenic cultures were sloughed with clumps of flourishing cell clumps and embryos of various progressive phases along with diffident non-embryogenic tissues. The frequency of embryo proliferation was evidenced to determinethe expansion pace of embryogenic masses under diverse conditions. The intonation of initiation and creation of cell suspension was under the directive of the influence of exogenous plant growth regulators amended in the nutrient medium at different concentrations and combinations. Maximum relative growth rate (386%) and clumps/embryoids in elevated integers (321.44) were accomplished on MS nutrient medium fortified with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D in association with 0.5 mg L−1 BA and 30.0 g L−1 sucrose raised from mature embryonic axis-derived calli. Plantlet regeneration in higher frequency (84.43%) was evidenced on MS medium amended with 1.0 mg L−1 each of TDZ and GA3 in conjunction with 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 20.0 g L−1 sucrose. Mature embryonic axis-derived calli were found to be constantly better than mature cotyledon-derived calli for raising profitable and reproducible cell suspension cultures. Regenerants displayed normal growth and morphology and were founded successfully in the external environment after hardening.

Major Indole Alkaloids Produced in Cell Suspension Cultures of Rhazya strict a Decaisne

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Pawelka ◽  
Joachim Stöckigt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Rhazya Stricta ◽  
First Time

Eleven main alkaloids were identified from cell suspension cultures of Rhazya stricta grown in 4X-medium for 15 days. The alkaloids comprised the five groups Corynanthe, Strychnos, Eburnan, Secodine, and Aspidosperma and can be regarded as being typical Rhazya alkaloids, although the Strychnos alkaloid akuammicine has been isolated for the first time from the genus Rhazya. The most abundant compound was ( + )-1,2-dehydroaspidospermidine (15 mg/l medium) whereas all other constituents were synthesized in about 5 - 10 times lower amounts. More than 15 further alkaloids were formed as minor components which have not yet been identified. Cultivated Rhazya cells have been shown to be one of the richest alkaloid sources from apocynaceous cell suspensions. The isolated compounds, because of their structural heterogeneity, cannot be presently arranged into a scheme with coherent biosynthetic sequences.

Elicitor-induced Changes of Enzyme Activities Related to Isoflavone and Pterocarpan Accumulation in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cell Suspension Cultures

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Daniel ◽  
Walter Hinderer ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
L Cell

The extractable activities of thirteen enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism have been measured in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cell suspension cultures after treatment with an elicitor from the fungus Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. The cell culture, derived from the A. rabiei resistant cultivar ILC 3279, constitutively accumulated the isoflavones biochanin A and formononetin together with their 7-O-glucosides and the 7-O-glucoside-6″-malonates. After elicitor application the cells rapidly form the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain. Among the enzymes of primary metabolism only the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibited a significant increase in activity with a maximum four hours after application of the elicitor. In phenylpropane metabolism the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase were enhanced by the elicitor and exhibited highest levels after four hours. In contrast the chalcone isomerase activity was not influenced by the elicitor. A substantial enhancement occurred with the isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity eight hours after elicitor application. The results suggest that in this cell culture the elicitor-induced biosynthesis of pterocarpan phytoalexins was accompanied with a rapid and transient increase of those enzyme activities which are located at branching points of related pathways, i.e. pentose phosphate cycle, general phenylpropane metabolism, flavonoid formation and isoflavone conjugation.

Elicitor Induction of Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenases in Cell Suspension Cultures of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Their Involvement in Pterocarpan Phytoalexin Biosynthesis

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Gunia ◽  
Walter Hinderer ◽  
Uta Wittkampf ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Culture Line ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Abstract A yeast glucan elicitor causes the accumulation of the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cell suspension cultures established from seeds. A cell culture line from a chickpea cultivar resistant against its main fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei accumulates large amounts (944 nm ol/g fr. wt.) whereas a cell culture line from a susceptible cultivar accumulates only low amounts (38 nm ol/g fr. wt.) of the phytoalexins. This is consistent with differential accumulation of pterocarpan phytoalexins in intact plants [1], The first reactions in the pterocarpan-specific branch of biosynthesis are hydroxylation of the isoflavone intermediate form ononetin in position 2′ or 3′, catalyzed by microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. Upon elicitation form ononetin 2′-hydroxylase undergoes a strong transient induction in the cell suspension culture of the resistant cultivar, whereas in the cell culture from the susceptible cultivar it is only slightly induced. In both cell suspension cul­tures the induction of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase and of form ononetin 3′-hydroxylase does not show a clear correlation with phytoalexin accumulation. Experiments with different elici­tor concentrations confirm that formononetin 2′-hydroxylase is much more induced in cell cul­tures from the resistant cultivar than from the susceptible one. It is concluded that the massive difference in phytoalexin accumulation between cell suspension cultures from the resistant and susceptible cultivar is determined mainly by the differential induction of form ononetin 2′-hydroxylase activity.

Elicitation of ß-l,3-Glucanase and Chitinase Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures of Ascochyta rabiei Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Chickpea ( Cicer avietinum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Vogelsang ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Incompatible Interaction

Abstract β-1,3-Glucanase and chitinase activities have been analyzed in cell suspension cultures of an A scochyta rabiei resistant ILC 3279 and a susceptible ILC 1929 cultivar of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) following treatment with an elicitor derived from this fungal pathogen. A facile method to determine both hydrolase activities in the cell culture medium was established. Significantly higher constitutive and elicitor-induced levels of both hydrolase activities were found in the medium of the ILC 3279 cell culture. The release of these enzyme activities is not due to cell lysis, but rather the consequence of a secretion mechanism. The cells of the resistant line contained a 5 times higher level of chitinase activity in comparison to the ILC 1929 cell culture, whereas the latter cells possessed a 3 times higher β -1,3-glucanase activity. The results are interpreted that accumulation of extracellular hydrolase activities may play an important role among the various plant defense mechanisms previously determined for the incompatible interaction between the resistant cultivar and its fungal pathogen.

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