INDUCED INFRARED ABSORPTION OF DEUTERIUM IN DEUTERIUM – FOREIGN GAS MIXTURES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2893-2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Pai ◽  
S. Paddi Reddy ◽  
C. W. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absorption Profile ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Helium Mixtures ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Individual

The pressure-induced fundamental infrared absorption band of deuterium was studied in deuterium–helium, deuterium–argon, and deuterium–nitrogen mixtures at pressures up to 1 200 atm at room temperature. The enhancement absorption profile of each mixture shows a well-resolved splitting of the Q branch into two components QP and QR. While the enhancement contours of deuterium–helium mixtures do not exhibit any absorption peaks corresponding to the O and S branches, those of the other two binary mixtures show a pronounced S(2) peak and an indication of several other O and S peaks of the band. Integrated absorption coefficients of the band have been measured for all the mixtures, and the binary and ternary absorption coefficients were determined. The theory of Van Kranendonk and the available molecular parameters of deuterium and the perturbing gases were used to calculate the binary absorption coefficients of the individual lines of the O and S branches and of the quadrupole part of the Q branch of the band in all three binary mixtures. Using these calculated values and the experimental values of the total binary absorption coefficients of these mixtures, the overlap parts of the binary absorption coefficients of the Q branch were estimated.

INFRARED ABSORPTION OF DEUTERIUM INDUCED BY INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paddi Reddy ◽  
C. W. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Fundamental Band ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gas Pressures

The pressure-induced fundamental infrared absorption band of deuterium has been investigated in the pure gas for gas pressures up to 250 atm at room temperature. The binary and ternary absorption coefficients were determined from the integrated absorption coefficients of the fundamental band at different densities of the gas. The splitting of the Q branch into two well-resolved components QP and QR was observed; the contours also exhibit pronounced S(0) and S(2) components with an indication of the S(1) and O(2) components. The existing theory and the available molecular parameters of deuterium were used to calculate the binary absorption coefficients of the individual lines of the O and S branches and of the quadrupole part of the Q branch. From these calculations and the experimental value of the total binary absorption coefficient of the fundamental band, the overlap part of the binary absorption coefficient of the Q branch was estimated.

Further studies on the collision-induced absorption of the fundamental band of hydrogen at room temperature

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (24) ◽  
pp. 2745-2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Varghese ◽  
S. Paddi Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Fundamental Band ◽  
Induced Absorption ◽  
Two Peaks

The collision-induced infrared absorption of the fundamental band of hydrogen in H2–O2 and H2–Xe mixtures was studied at room temperature at a path length of 105.2 cm at pressures up to 250 atm for different base pressures of hydrogen. The enhancement absorption profiles of the band in H2–O2 mixtures show the usual features of collision-induced absorption. However, the enhancement profiles in H2–Xe mixtures show some interesting new features. These are: the separation between the peaks of the two components of the Q branch remains almost constant with increasing density of the mixture; at all densities, the intensities of these two peaks are almost equal; and the lines of the quadrupolar branches O and S are more pronounced than those in any other binary mixture of hydrogen studied previously. Integrated absorption coefficients were measured for each of the mixtures and the binary and ternary absorption coefficients were derived. The values of the binary coefficients are 6.12 × 10−35 cm6 s−1 for H2–O2, and 11.34 × 10−35 cm6 s−1 for H2–Xe. The ternary coefficient is zero for H2–O2, whereas it has a large negative value for H2–Xe.

scholarly journals Infrared Absorption and Its Sources of CdZnTe at Cryogenic Temperature

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Maeshima ◽  
Kosei Matsumoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Hirahara ◽  
Takao Nakagawa ◽  
Ryoichi Koga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Room Temperature Resistivity ◽  
Absorption Model ◽  
Acceptor Level ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Temperature Resistivity

AbstractTo reveal the causes of infrared absorption in the wavelength region between electronic and lattice absorptions, we measured the temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient of p-type low-resistivity ($$\sim 10^2~ \Omega \mathrm{cm}$$ ∼ 10 2 Ω cm ) CdZnTe crystals. We measured the absorption coefficients of CdZnTe crystals in four wavelength bands ($$\lambda =6.45$$ λ = 6.45 , 10.6, 11.6, 15.1$$~\mu $$ μ m) over the temperature range of $$T=8.6$$ T = 8.6 -300 K with an originally developed system. The CdZnTe absorption coefficient was measured to be $$\alpha =0.3$$ α = 0.3 -0.5 $$\mathrm{cm}^{-1}$$ cm - 1 at $$T=300$$ T = 300 K and $$\alpha =0.4$$ α = 0.4 -0.9 $$\mathrm{cm}^{-1}$$ cm - 1 at $$T=8.6$$ T = 8.6 K in the investigated wavelength range. With an absorption model based on transitions of free holes and holes trapped at an acceptor level, we conclude that the absorption due to free holes at $$T=150$$ T = 150 -300 K and that due to trapped-holes at $$T<50$$ T < 50 K are dominant absorption causes in CdZnTe. We also discuss a method to predict the CdZnTe absorption coefficient at cryogenic temperature based on the room-temperature resistivity.

scholarly journals Pressure-induced infrared absorption of the fundamental band of hydrogen in H2–Ne and H2–Kr mixtures at room temperature

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1373-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paddi Reddy ◽  
W. F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Fundamental Band ◽  
Low Pressures

The pressure-induced infrared absorption of the fundamental band of hydrogen in H2–Ne and H2–Kr mixtures was studied at room temperature at a path length of 25.8 cm at pressures up to 400 atmospheres for different base pressures of hydrogen. In the enhancement absorption profiles of the band in H2–Ne mixtures, the S(1) line at all pressures and the QP component at low pressures show doublet structures. In the enhancement contours in H2–Kr mixtures, there is an indication of the QQ component between the QP and QR maxima at higher pressures, and the O and S lines are much stronger than the corresponding lines in H2–Ne mixtures. Integrated absorption coefficients were measured for each of the mixtures studied, and the binary and ternary absorption coefficients were derived. The values of the binary coefficients are 2.37 × 10−35 cm6 s−1 for H2–Ne and 7.56 × 10−35 cm6 s−1 for H2–Kr.

INDUCED INFRARED ABSORPTION OF NITROGEN AND NITROGEN – FOREIGN GAS MIXTURES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2331-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paddi Reddy ◽  
C. W. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Fundamental Vibration ◽  
Molecular Constants ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Helium Mixtures ◽  
Vibration Rotation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Good Agreement

The pressure-induced fundamental vibration–rotation absorption band of nitrogen was studied in the pure gas and in nitrogen–argon, nitrogen–hydrogen, and nitrogen–helium mixtures at room temperature for pressures up to 1 500 atm. The shapes of the absorption profiles obtained in each case were discussed. The enhancement absorption profiles of nitrogen–argon mixtures exhibited the sharpening of the individual branches of the fundamental band with a small frequency shift, while those of nitrogen–hydrogen and nitrogen–helium mixtures indicated a splitting of the Q branch. Binary and ternary absorption coefficients were determined for pure nitrogen and nitrogen – foreign gas mixtures. The graph drawn with (1/ρa2) ∫α(ν)dν vs. ρa for pure nitrogen and those drawn with (1/ρaρb) (∫α(ν)dν)enhancement vs. ρb for mixtures were found to be straight lines. Except for nitrogen–helium mixtures all these straight lines had negative slopes, and this was interpreted as a partial cancelation of the induced moments due to ternary collisions. Applying the theory of Van Kranendonk and using the known molecular constants, the molecular quadrupole moment Q of nitrogen and its derivative Q′ with respect to the internuclear distance at its equilibrium position were determined. The values of Q and Q′ were obtained as 1.1ea02 and 0.97ea0 respectively; the value of Q is in good agreement with that determined by previous investigators.

Immobilization Index of Liquid LLW in Cementitious Grouts

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadananda Sahu ◽  
Sidney Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Waste Solution ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe ability of grouts formulated from mixtures of cementitious materials and attapulgite clay to immobilize various chemical species in the projected off-gas waste stream from vitrification of Hanford low level tank wastes was studied. Three different solid blends were evaluated, with cement :fly ash : slag clay weight ratios of 3:3:3:1, 3:0:6:1, and 0:0:9:1. The blended solids were mixed with a simulated low level liquid waste solution containing Na+, NO2-, NO3-, PO43- and OH- ions, in the proportion of 1 liter of solution to 1 kg of solid blend, and were cured either at 22°C (room temperature), 50°C or 90°C. Pore solutions were expressed at various ages and were analyzed to determine the reductions in concentrations of the individual ionic species. The results were expressed in the form of immobilization index (I) calculated for each species. The immobilization indices for Na+ (I Na+ ) and for OH- (IOH-)were similar in each case, and were found to be highest when only slag and clay was present (blend 0:0:9:1). The immobilization index for phosphate, , was 1 in all cases, i.e. phosphate was completely removed from solution. On the other hand removal of NO2- and NO3- ions was generally ineffective.

Electron microscope studies of the plastic deformation of ternary alloys based on GaAs

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120-1120
Author(s):  
R. Haswell ◽  
U. Bangert ◽  
P. Charsley
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Stacking Faults ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Dislocation Mobility ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Micro Indentation

A knowledge of the behaviour of dislocations in semiconducting materials is essential to the understanding of devices which use them . This work is concerned with dislocations in alloys related to the semiconductor GaAs . Previous work on GaAs has shown that microtwinning occurs on one of the <110> rosette arms after indentation in preference to the other . We have shown that the effect of replacing some of the Ga atoms by Al results in microtwinning in both of the rosette arms.In the work to be reported dislocations in specimens of different compositions of Gax Al(1-x) As and Gax In(1-x) As have been studied by using micro indentation on a (001) face at room temperature . A range of electron microscope techniques have been used to investigate the type of dislocations and stacking faults/microtwins in the rosette arms , which are parallel to the [110] and [10] , as a function of composition for both alloys . Under certain conditions microtwinning occurs in both directions . This will be discussed in terms of the dislocation mobility.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Margaret Mahy: An Adlerian Reading

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
KATHRYN WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Margaret Mahy ◽  
The Individual

According to the ‘Individual Psychology’ of Alfred Adler (1870–1937), Freud's contemporary and rival, everyone seeks superiority. But only those who can adapt their aspirations to meet the needs of others find fulfilment. Children who are rejected or pampered are so desperate for superiority that they fail to develop social feeling, and endanger themselves and society. This article argues that Mahy's realistic novels invite Adlerian interpretation. It examines the character of Hero, the elective mute who is the narrator-protagonist of The Other Side of Silence (1995) , in terms of her experience of rejection. The novel as a whole, it is suggested, stresses the destructiveness of the neurotically driven quest for superiority. Turning to Mahy's supernatural romances, the article considers novels that might seem to resist the Adlerian template. Focusing, in particular, on the young female protagonists of The Haunting (1982) and The Changeover (1984), it points to the ways in which their magical power is utilised for the sake of others. It concludes with the suggestion that the triumph of Mahy's protagonists lies not so much in their generally celebrated ‘empowerment’, as in their transcendence of the goal of superiority for its own sake.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document