Twilight observations of upper atmospheric sodium, potassium, and lithium

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Gault ◽  
H. N. Rundle
Keyword(s):  
Density Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Resonance Line ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Transmission ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sodium Layer ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
One Year

Twilight resonance emissions due to atmospheric sodium, lithium, and potassium have been measured for over one year. The existence of the potassium resonance line was verified by using an absorption cell.Several problems of measuring the emissions and of subsequently calculating a density distribution are discussed. The widths of about 13 km and the topside scale heights of about 4.5 km obtained for the sodium layer are significantly less than obtained at Saskatoon in previous measurements. Atmospheric transmission functions have been recalculated with the results that the sodium and lithium layers are both at about the same height of around 90 km. A lower height of about 85 km was obtained for the potassium layer.The seasonal variations of sodium and lithium twilight abundances are shown to be similar with additional sharp enhancements of lithium abundances thought to be due to natural and man-made injections of lithium. Any seasonal variations of the potassium abundances in the lower layer were masked by large day-to-day fluctuations.

scholarly journals One-year aerosol profiling with EUCAARI Raman lidar at Shangdianzi GAW station: Beijing plume and seasonal variations

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (D13) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hänel ◽  
H. Baars ◽  
D. Althausen ◽  
A. Ansmann ◽  
R. Engelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
One Year

Determinants of Sickle Cell Density Distribution: A Study of Benin Twins.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1244-1244
Author(s):  
Mary E. Fabry ◽  
Anne C. Rybicki ◽  
Sandra M. Suzuka ◽  
M. Cherif Rahimy ◽  
Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Distribution ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Density Gradients ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Alpha Thalassemia ◽  
Gardos Channel ◽  
One Year

Abstract Red cell density distribution affects both hemolysis and vaso-occlusion; however, currently recognized factors cannot account for all of the variation seen. We hypothesized that a range of genetically controlled factors contributes to red cell density distribution and hemolysis, which has recently received a great deal of attention from Gladwin et al for its role in sickle cell anemia (SCA) and its impact on NO metabolism. Our previous studies have demonstrated that although RBC density distribution varies significantly from patient to patient, the pattern for individual patients is stable in the absence of disease. Some genetically determined factors that affect red cell density distribution have been defined, such as alpha-thalassemia and % HbF (Fabry et al, Blood, 1982); however, neither of these factors completely predicts density distribution. The study of identical twins offers the unique opportunity to minimize some of the genetic variability between individuals that may not be relevant to RBC density while allowing the remaining differences to be detected. Because SCA patients from the US have a complex mixture of Caucasian, other ethnicities, and genes from all parts of Africa including all of the sickle haplotypes, we have chosen to recruit our population from Benin that has a single beta-globin haplotype, thus further minimizing differences arising from admixture from inside and outside of Africa. We have collected samples from six sets of monozygous twins from Benin and validated their monozygosity by DNA analysis. Of the 6 twin sets analyzed to date, 4 have alpha-thalassemia. We compared density gradients on two separate occasions, approximately one year apart, for these twins and found that density gradients for both members of all twin sets without medical complications (malaria, painful crisis) were indistinguishable. This is not true for pairs of randomly chosen individuals even after their % HbF and alpha-thalassemia status has been determined and matched. After elimination of WBCs, we were able to isolate sufficient RNA to obtain microarray data without amplification. We compared subjects with a low % dense cells vs a high % dense cells. In the combinations that were analyzed, we found a consistent pattern of up- and down-regulated genes. Down-regulated genes included the Gardos channel (KCNN4), K-Cl cotransporter (KCC1), NOS3, CAIV, and PKC. Up-regulated genes included ferritin heavy chain (probably in mitochondria that are present in reticulocytes) and 2,3-bisphosphomutase that was elevated in twins with higher MCHC (density). The latter is consistent with our previous observations and those of Poillon et al that DPG can affect polymer formation and RBC density. We conclude that the study of twins demonstrates that there is a strong genetic component in the control of sickle cell density distribution and that a better understanding of factors controlling density distribution may lead to new forms of treatment.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects and Prognosis in Acute Heart Failure Treated with Tolvaptan: The AVCMA Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Suzuki ◽  
Akiomi Yoshihisa ◽  
Takayoshi Yamaki ◽  
Koichi Sugimoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Kunii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
One Year

Background.Diuresis is a major therapy for the reduction of congestive symptoms in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. We previously reported the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan compared to carperitide in hospitalized patients with ADHF. There were some reports of cardio- and renal-protective effects in carperitide; therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the long-term effects of tolvaptan and carperitide on cardiorenal function and prognosis.Methods and Results.One hundred and five ADHF patients treated with either tolvaptan or carperitide were followed after hospital discharge. Levels of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, serum sodium, potassium, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were measured before administration of tolvaptan or carperitide at baseline, the time of discharge, and one year after discharge. These data between tolvaptan and carperitide groups were not different one year after discharge. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that the event-free rate regarding all events, cardiac events, all cause deaths, and rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure was not significantly different between tolvaptan and carperitide groups.Conclusions.We demonstrated that tolvaptan had similar effects on cardiac and renal function and led to a similar prognosis in the long term, compared to carperitide.

scholarly journals Electrolyte changes in the neonates receiving phototherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1753
Author(s):  
Abhishek Purohit ◽  
Suresh Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: Neonatal jaundice is the most commonly observed clinical condition of early neonatal period. It remains a common cause of readmission and important cause of concern for the parents and clinicians. Therefore, appropriate management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is of paramount importance. Phototherapy plays a significant role in its management but this modality is not devoid of complications. Authors studied electrolyte changes in the neonates, who received phototherapy.Methods: This perspective hospital based observational study conducted over the period of one year on 90 eligible admitted neonates who received phototherapy as per AAP guideline. Serum bilirubin, sodium, potassium and calcium were determined before and after termination of phototherapy. The first samples were considered as controls and compared with the samples collected after termination of phototherapy.Results: The incidence of LBW babies in this study was 21.9%, while mean birth weight and gestational age was2.76±0.38 kg and 38.34±0.88 weeks respectively. Mean duration of phototherapy was 38.48±09.34 hours. The mean sodium, potassium and calcium level before therapy were 146.6±6.2 mg/dl, 4.7±0.47 mg/dl and 9.4±0.73 mg/dl respectively. Authors found statistically significant changes in the electrolyte’s levels (Na+ 141.3±6.1, K+ 4.2±0.51 and Ca+2 8.4±0.68 respectively), after phototherapy however none of any neonate shown any clinical signs of dyselectolytemia.Conclusions: Neonates undergoing phototherapy are at greater risk of dyselectrolytemia especially in preterm babies therefore close clinical and biochemical monitoring is required for the prompt management of any significant electrolyte imbalance.

scholarly journals Ekološki otisak cestovnog prometa na cresko-lošinjskom arhipelagu

Geoadria ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Grofelnik
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
One Year

Cres-Lošinj Archipelago is the largest insular traffic unit in Northern Adriatic. The archipelago consists of two large islands, Cres and Lošinj, and 27 smaller islands located among Kvarner, Kvarnerić, Rijeka Bay and open sea. From the point of view of traffic, this area gravitates mostly toward Rijeka traffic node. Traffic development of the islands was determined in the second half of the 20th century with the development of ferry traffic and road traffic on the islands. Today, the Archipelago is characterized by prominent seasonal variations of road traffic intensity due to dominant role of tourism in space valorisation. This research included partial determination of Ecological Footprint of road traffic on the islands on the basis of CO2 emission and capacity of insular surfaces to absorb CO2 .The author also created a model for calculating road mileage on the islands and indirectly calculated CO2 emission. The results indicated significant seasonal variations of CO2  emission on the islands, which are closely related to tourist valorisation of space and the number of non-residential vehicles on the islands. The paper also provides the ratio between residential and non-residential vehicles on the island, which influence the emission in accordance with their energy efficiency. The research showed that the capacity of CO2  absorption on Cres-Lošinj Archipelago is approximately 40 times greater than CO2 emission from road traffic during one year. 

scholarly journals Effects of seasonal variations and collection methods on the mineral composition of propolis from Apis mellifera Linnaeus Beehives

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Souza ◽  
R. Zaluski ◽  
N. Veiga ◽  
R. O. Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract The effects of seasonal variations and the methods of collection of propolis produced by Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, on the composition of constituent minerals such as magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and potassium (K) were evaluated. Propolis was harvested from 25 beehives by scraping or by means of propolis collectors (screen, “intelligent” collector propolis [ICP], lateral opening of the super [LOS], and underlay method). During the one-year study, the propolis produced was harvested each month, ground, homogenized, and stored in a freezer at -10 ºC. Seasonal analyses of the mineral composition were carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer’s test to compare the mean values (p<0.05). The results showed that seasonal variations influence the contents of 5 minerals (Mg, Fe, Na, Ca, and Cu), and the propolis harvesting method affects the contents of 4 minerals (Mg, Zn, Fe, and Ca).

The physical and biochemical condition of Modiolus modiolus (L.) in selected Shetland voes

1981 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 299-321
Author(s):  
C. A. Comely
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Modiolus Modiolus ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Biochemical Condition ◽  
Scottish Lochs

Synopsis1. A general survey of the sub-tidal populations of Modiolus modiolus (L.) to a depth of 18 or 21 m was carried out in five Shetland voes, with particular emphasis in Sullom Voe. Estimations of density distribution and growth rate were made.2. Commencing in June 1976 samples were collected at three-monthly intervals from two sites in Sullom Voe, and from one site in Cat Firth in 1977, to investigate seasonal variations in flesh and biochemical content. The data indicate that Shetland Modiolus are generally similar in their biology to those from Scottish lochs, and are liable to considerable variation between and within populations, with groups responding to environmental variations of very local extent.3. A list of animals found associated with Modiolus and their byssus complexes is given. As no effort was made to collect the fauna systematically or quantitatively, the list is not comprehensive.

scholarly journals Latitudinal characteristics of GPS derived ionospheric TEC: a comparative study with IRI 2012 model

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monti Chakraborty ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Barin Kumar De ◽  
Anirban Guha
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
High Solar Activity ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Gps Satellites ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
One Year

<p>The present study investigates the variation of Total Electron Content (TEC) using Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites from four equatorial to mid-latitudes stations over a period of one year. The stations are Port Blair (11.63°N, 92.70°E), Agartala (23.75°N, 91.25°E), Lhasa (29.65°N, 91.10°E) and Urumqi (43.46°N, 87.16°E). The diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of TEC have been explored to study its latitudinal characteristics. Analysis of TEC data from these stations reveals the characteristics of latitudinal variation of Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA). To validate the latest IRI 2012 model, the monthly and seasonal variations of GPS-TEC at all the four stations have been compared with the model for three different topside options of electron density, namely, NeQuick, IRI-01-corr and IRI-2001. TEC predictions from IRI-2001 top side electron density option using IRI 2012 model overestimates the observed TEC especially at the low latitudes. TEC from IRI- NeQuick and IRI-01-corr options shows a tendency to underestimate the observed TEC during the day time particularly in low latitude region in the high solar activity period. The agreement between the model and observed values are reasonable in mid latitude regions. However, a discrepancy between IRI 2012 derived TEC with the ground based observations at low latitude regions is found. The discrepancy appears to be higher in low-latitude regions in comparison to mid latitude regions. It is concluded that largest discrepancy in TEC occur as a result of poor estimation of the hmF2 and foF2 from the coefficients.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document