Isolation and identification of tyramine-producing enterococci from human fecal samples

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ladero ◽  
María Fernández ◽  
Miguel A. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Human Mucosa ◽  
Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are recognized as a group of important microorganisms because of their crucial role in food fermentation and their contribution to the maintenance of health homeostasis, as natural inhabitants of the human mucosa. However, the metabolic activities of some strains, such as the ability to synthesize biogenic amines (BAs), can be detrimental to human health. BAs are low molecular weight compounds synthesized by the enzymatic decarboxylation of amino acids. Tyramine, one of the most biologically active BAs, is produced by certain strains of LAB related to food fermentations. Since no data are available as to whether tyramine originates exclusively from food intake, or, like polyamines, could be formed by gut bacteria, this study was focused on the isolation of tyramine-producing LAB from human feces. Different strains of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis able to produce tyramine in culture conditions were isolated.

scholarly journals PROBIOTICS, PSYCHOBIOTICS, AND METABIOTICS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Oleskin ◽  
Shenderov Shenderov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganisms ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Active Substances

A large number of recent works deal with the microbiota of the human organism. Of paramount importance is the microbiota of the gut, especially of its densely populated distal part the colon. In the literature, the gut is considered the largest digestive, immune, and endocrine organ. The functioning of the microbiota involves the production of numerous low molecular weight compounds that represent biochemical effectors, co-factors, or signals. An important role is performed by neurochemicals. In order to ameliorate the human organisms microbial ecology, various drug preparations, biologically active additives, and functional food products are used. Currently popular preparations include selected strains of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, bacilli, and other live microorganisms (probiotics) and biologically active substances (metabiotics) that result from the metabolic activities of symbiotic microorganisms. Probiotics include a subgroup denoted as psychobiotics that, when applied in adequate amounts, ameliorate the health of patients with psychiatric problems.

Biologically Active Amines in Food: A Review

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. RICE ◽  
R. R. EITENMILLER ◽  
P. E. KOEHLER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Occurrence Mechanism ◽  
Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Biologically active amines are normal constituents of many foods and have been found in cheese; sauerkraut; wine; and putrid, aged, or fermented meats. These low molecular weight organic bases do not represent any hazard to individuals unless large quantities are ingested or natural mechanisms for their catabolism are inhibited or genetically deficient. Tyramine, histamine, and phenethylamine, which can arise from enzymatic decarboxylation of the corresponding amino acids, are strongly vasoactive. Histamine, a capillary dilator, produces hypotensive effects while tyramine and phenethylamine cause a rise in blood pressure. Phenethylamine has been implicated in the onset of migraine headache attacks. The occurrence, mechanism of formation, and catabolism of these compounds is reviewed.

Low Molecular Weight Microfibers with Light Sensing Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-658
Author(s):  
Andrei Bejan ◽  
Dragos Peptanariu ◽  
Bogdan Chiricuta ◽  
Elena Bicu ◽  
Dalila Belei
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds

Microfibers were obtained from organic low molecular weight compounds based on heteroaromatic and aromatic rings connected by aliphatic spacers. The obtaining of microfibers was proved by scanning electron microscopy. The deciphering of the mechanism of microfiber formation has been elucidated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. By exciting with light of different wavelength, florescence microscopy revealed a specific optical response, recommending these materials for light sensing applications.

Inhibitors of Cholinesterases in Pharmacology: the Current Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1532-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Inhibitors of cholinesterases are a wide group of low molecular weight compounds with a significant role in the current pharmacology. Besides the pharmacological importance, they are also known as toxic compounds like military nerve agents. In the pharmacology, drugs for Alzheimer disease, myasthenia gravis and prophylaxis of poisoning by nerve agents can be mentioned as the relevant applications. Besides this, anti-inflammation and antiphrastic drugs are other pharmacological applications of these inhibitors. This review is focused on a survey of cholinesterase inhibitors with known or expected pharmacological impact and indications of their use. Recent literature with comments is provided here as well.

scholarly journals Holistic Metabolomic Laboratory-Developed Test (LDT): Development and Use for the Diagnosis of Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Petr G. Lokhov ◽  
Dmitry L. Maslov ◽  
Steven Lichtenberg ◽  
Oxana P. Trifonova ◽  
Elena E. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds

A laboratory-developed test (LDT) is a type of in vitro diagnostic test that is developed and used within a single laboratory. The holistic metabolomic LDT integrating the currently available data on human metabolic pathways, changes in the concentrations of low-molecular-weight compounds in the human blood during diseases and other conditions, and their prevalent location in the body was developed. That is, the LDT uses all of the accumulated metabolic data relevant for disease diagnosis and high-resolution mass spectrometry with data processing by in-house software. In this study, the LDT was applied to diagnose early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD), which currently lacks available laboratory tests. The use of the LDT for blood plasma samples confirmed its ability for such diagnostics with 73% accuracy. The diagnosis was based on relevant data, such as the detection of overrepresented metabolite sets associated with PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the ability of the LDT to detect normal composition of low-molecular-weight compounds in blood was demonstrated, thus providing a definition of healthy at the molecular level. This LDT approach as a screening tool can be used for the further widespread testing for other diseases, since ‘omics’ tests, to which the metabolomic LDT belongs, cover a variety of them.

scholarly journals Altering the Stereoselectivity of Whole-Cell Biotransformations via the Physicochemical Parameters Impacting the Processes

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Raczyńska ◽  
Joanna Jadczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Brzezińska-Rodak
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Enantiomerically Pure ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Chiral Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Prochiral Ketones ◽  
Optically Pure

The enantioselective synthesis of organic compounds is one of the great challenges in organic synthetic chemistry due to its importance for the acquisition of biologically active derivatives, e.g., pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and others. This is why biological systems are increasingly applied as tools for chiral compounds synthesis or modification. The use of whole cells of “wild-type” microorganisms is one possible approach, especially as some methods allow improving the conversion degrees and controlling the stereoselectivity of the reaction without the need to introduce changes at the genetic level. Simple manipulation of the culture conditions, the form of a biocatalyst, or the appropriate composition of the biotransformation medium makes it possible to obtain optically pure products in a cheap, safe, and environmentally friendly manner. This review contains selected examples of the influence of physicochemical factors on the stereochemistry of the biocatalytic preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds, which is undertaken through kinetically controlled separation of their racemic mixtures or reduction of prochiral ketones and has an effect on the final enantiomeric purity and enantioselectivity of the reaction.

Characterisation of Persistent Anti-Xa Activity Following Administration of the Low Molecular Weight Heparin Enoxaparin Sodium (Clexane)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (02) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brieger ◽  
Joan Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enoxaparin Sodium ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Liver And Kidney

SummaryIt is widely reported that persistent anti-Xa activity follows administration of low molecular weight heparins. To identify the effectors of this activity we have injected 125I-labelled Enoxaparin sodium into rabbits and subsequently analysed the circulating radiolabelled material and anti-Xa activity by affinity and size exclusion chromatography. Antithrombin III-binding material derived from the injected drug was responsible for all the anti-Xa amidolytic activity. At early times after injection additional anticoagulant activity which was largely attributable to tissue factor pathway inhibitor was measured by the Heptest clotting assay after removal of glycosaminoglycans from plasma samples. Small radiolabelled fragments, including penta/hexasaccharide with affinity for antithrombin III, were detectable in the circulation 1 week later, and sulphated oligosaccharides persisted for 3-4 weeks. Significant quantities of radiolabel remained in the liver and kidney several weeks post-injection; these organs may sequester some of the injected drug and give rise to circulating biologically active material by degradation and secretion of catabolic products into the plasma.

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