scholarly journals PROBIOTICS, PSYCHOBIOTICS, AND METABIOTICS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Oleskin ◽  
Shenderov Shenderov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganisms ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Active Substances

A large number of recent works deal with the microbiota of the human organism. Of paramount importance is the microbiota of the gut, especially of its densely populated distal part the colon. In the literature, the gut is considered the largest digestive, immune, and endocrine organ. The functioning of the microbiota involves the production of numerous low molecular weight compounds that represent biochemical effectors, co-factors, or signals. An important role is performed by neurochemicals. In order to ameliorate the human organisms microbial ecology, various drug preparations, biologically active additives, and functional food products are used. Currently popular preparations include selected strains of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, bacilli, and other live microorganisms (probiotics) and biologically active substances (metabiotics) that result from the metabolic activities of symbiotic microorganisms. Probiotics include a subgroup denoted as psychobiotics that, when applied in adequate amounts, ameliorate the health of patients with psychiatric problems.

EVALUATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF BAKERY MIXES AND GRAIN BREAD ON THEIR BASIS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Н. АЛЕХИНА ◽  
Е.И. ПОНОМАРЕВА ◽  
И.М. ЖАРКОВА ◽  
К.К. ПОЛЯНСКИЙ ◽  
А.С. ЖЕЛТИКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Amaranth Flour ◽  
Active Substances

Проведена сравнительная оценка хлебопекарных смесей (ХПС) Ливенка и Амарантус, включающих биоактивированное зерно пшеницы и ржи и биоактивированные злаковые культуры и амарантовую муку соответственно, и хлеба на их основе. Исследованы химический состав, биологическая и энергетическая ценность ХПС и выпеченных на их основе образцов зернового хлеба Ливенский и Амарантус. Установлено, что ХПС Амарантус и хлеб Амарантус отличаются несколько большим содержанием белка, кальция, лизина по сравнению с ХПС Ливенка и хлебом Ливенский. Однако по количеству пищевых волокон и витаминов ХПС с амарантовой мукой и изделия на ее основе несколько уступают образцам, приготовленным без добавки амарантовой муки. Внесение амарантовой муки в дозировке 5,5% взамен части ржаной муки незначительно повышает энергетическую и биологическую ценность ХПС и хлеба на ее основе. Установлено, что ХПС Ливенка и Амарантус относятся к функциональным пищевым ингредиентам за счет содержания значимого количества биологически активных веществ, а изделия на их основе – к функциональным пищевым продуктам. Comparative evaluation of baking mixes (BM) of Livenka and Amarantus, including bioactivated grains of wheat and rye and bioactivated cereals and amaranth flour, respectively, and bread on their basis was carried out. Chemical composition, biological and energy value of BM and baked on their basis samples of grain bread Livenskiy and Amarantus were investigated. It is established that the BM Amarantus and bread Amarantus are slightly high content of protein, calcium, lysine, compared with BM Livenka and bread Livenskiy. However, the number of dietary fibers and vitamins BM with amaranth flour and products on it based are concede to samples a little prepared without the addition of amaranth flour. The introduction of amaranth flour in a dosage of 5,5% instead of a portion of rye flour slightly increases the energy and biological value of BM and bread on it based. It was found that the BM Livenka and Amarantus are functional food ingredients due to the content of a significant amount of biologically active substances, and products on their based – to functional foods.

scholarly journals Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus (Amelanchier Medic) as source of biologically active substances and minerals

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Elena A. Laksaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Polysaccharide Complex ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Active Substances

An interest in plants of Amelanchier genus is stimulated by the necessity of search for plant sources rich in biologically active substances and possessing the ability to influence different physiological processes in a human organism. The article gives information about places of growth of different species of Amelanchier (Amelanchier Medic) and about the fact that its fruits contain high concentration of free sugars, relatively low level of organic acids, sufficient amounts of various vitamins and provitamins and a complex of mineral substances. Nutritive and biological value of Amelanchier fruits in complex may produce a beneficial effect on different biochemical and physiological processes of normal vital activity of a human organism. The data are given about a positive influence of enteral introduction of polysaccharides isolated from Amelanchier fruits, on different physiological processes that enhance adaptational reserves of an organism of experimental animals. In particular, it was shown that watersoluble polysaccharide complex (WSPC) of Amelanchier fruits activates erythropoiesis increasing the amount of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in blood of experimental animals and raises concentration of iron. WSPC improves physical working capacity and increases the body mass of experimental animals. Addition of watersoluble polysaccharide complex of Amelanchier fruits to blood of a healthy donor increases thermal, osmotic and peroxide resistance of erythrocyte membranes thus protecting cells against damage under action of adverse factors in the experiment. Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus may be recommended to be used as a food additive or a product in dietary and prophylactic therapy.

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF CREATION OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. ПЕТРЕНКО ◽  
В.В. ИЛЛАРИОНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Nutritional Factor ◽  
Natural Components ◽  
Active Substances

Рассмотрен фактор питания как оказывающая влияние составляющая на здоровье, работоспособность, устойчивость организма человека к воздействию экологически вредных производств и сред обитания. Отмечена проблема увеличения заболеваний, связанных с разбалансированным питанием и пищевой аллергией, особенно среди лиц не достигших 30 лет. Показана перспективность придания функциональных свойств пищевым продуктам посредством модификации естественных компонентов, обогащения биологически активными веществами, удаления нежелательных ингредиентов. The nutritional factor is considered as an influencing component on the health, performance, and resistance of the human body to the effects of environmentally harmful industries and habitats. The problem of growing diseases associated with unbalanced nutrition and food allergies, especially among people under the age of 30, has been noted. The prospects of giving functional properties to food products through modification of natural components, enrichment with the biologically active substances, remove of undesirable ingredients are shown.

scholarly journals Comparative study of technologies for extraction of biologically active substances from the raw material of animal origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
E. R. Vasilevskaya ◽  
M. A. Aryuzina ◽  
E. S. Vetrova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid Solution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances

Technologies of isolation and concentration of biologically active substances, developed in the middle of the 20th century, need adjustment and adaptation to modern conditions both to increase the activity of substances and for greater economic efficiency. The aim of the research is the comparison of dynamics of biologically active compounds extraction from porcines pancreas in two methods: the saline method based on 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and the acidic method based on 2.4% trichloroacetic acid solution. Also the purpose of research is to assess the possibilities for further optimization of technologies. The total protein concentration based on the biuret reaction in the samples taken during the extraction, as well as the calculation and analysis of the point degrees and rates of extraction are chosen as the controlled parameters. Local maxima of the protein yields into the extractant media at the 60th, 135th and 255th minute were recorded during saline extraction; and at the 75th and 135th minute during acid extraction. Also the proteomic profile of the extracts was studied. Wide range of compounds with molecular weight of less than 52 kDa was found in extracts based on physiological saline solution, and protein substances of whole presented range of molecular weights in trichloroacetic acid based extracts were considered. The predominance of low molecular weight protein fraction of interest was noted also in this method of extraction in comparison with the other methods of extraction. According to the UniProt database, we assume availability of probable compounds with a molecular weight of less than 30 kDa in the purified acidic extract. The presence of some proteins absent in the final saline extract was noted. The acidic erythrograms showed a weak degrading effect of both types of extracts on the membranes of rat erythrocytes, as well as the cytoprotective effect of acidic ultrafiltrates (less than 3 kDa). The obtained results prove a better efficiency of trichloroacetic acid extraction method used for obtaining a mixture of a wide range of compounds, including biologically active substances of low molecular weight.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Calcium-Dependent Processes In Nerve Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Gulsara Bahodir Kizi Akhmedova ◽  
◽  
Zulaykho Amindjanovna Mamatova ◽  
Nozimjon Numonjonovich Khoshimov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Synapse Plasticity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Dependent Processes ◽  
Active Substances

This article analyzes the processes associated with calcium in nerve cells. Pathological changes in the nerve cells negatively affect the natural physiological processes in the human organism. Elevated intracellular Са2+ concentrations are involved in neurotransmitter release, synapse plasticity, enzyme activation, and gene expression. Of great importance is the question of studying the mechanisms of pharmacological correction using biologically active substances in pathological conditions in the brain in the synaptosomes, Са2+ transport.

A new functional food ingredient enriched by Phytoecdisteroids and Polyphenols from quinoa grains (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4321-4328
Author(s):  
Zorin S.N. ◽  
Sidorova Yu. S. ◽  
Petrov N.A. ◽  
Perova I.B. ◽  
Malinkin A.D. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detector ◽  
Active Substances

Objective: Quinoa grains (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) contain a large number of secondary metabolites. Phytoecdysteroids and polyphenols, secondary metabolites, are of great interest for research today. The aim of the study is a method development for the extraction of biologically active substances (BAS) from quinoa grains to obtain a functional food ingredient (FFI) enriched with phytoecdysteroids and polyphenols. Materials and methods: The content of phytoecdysteroids at each stage of quinoa extract production was determined by two methods: HPLC with a spectrophotometric detector and HPLC with a mass spectrometer. The content of total polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The flavonoid profile was determined using a liquid chromatography system with a diode array spectrophotometric detector and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detector. Results: The chosen technological scheme for the production of FFI can concentrate more than 200 times the major phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone major in quinoa in the final product relative to the raw material. The maximum yield of flavonoids in the final product was observed in cases of 20 and 40% ethanol extraction. Conclusion: These results lead to the conclusion that highly enriched sources of BAS can be obtained using fairly simple technological approaches and commercially available reagents from quinoa grains.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL FOODS: PROSPECTS IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kaprelyants ◽  
A. Yegorova ◽  
L. Trufkati ◽  
L. Pozhitkova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Food Substance ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range

Today, food is intended not only to satisfy hunger and provide necessary nutrients for human organism, but also to prevent nutrition-associated diseases and improve the mental and physical condition. The formula of food in the XXI century includes constant use of both traditional natural foods and foods with desired properties in the diet. The foods with desired properties are the functional food products, i. e. those enriched with essential food substances and micronutrients. These functional products cover a wide range of foods and ingredients with various biologically active substances responsible for their health-supporting and preventive effectiveness. This allows to lower the healthcare expenditures and support the economical development. The health and general well-being of today’s Ukrainians is influenced by many factors: rush life tempo, age-related changes in organs and tissues, heredity, unhealthy habits, stress situations etc. But the great importance of the diet and numbers and quality of products from which meals are prepared also should be kept in mind. And while we cannot change some factors, we can absolutely control others, particularly the characteristics of foods. The article presents some features of modern diet of Ukrainian population as an integral factor of health risk. Also, we show food substance consumption profiles of Ukrainian population in years 2015-2018, and the rate of functional foods on Ukrainian market in the last two years. The article is a review and highlights the necessity to develop production of functional foods based on fundamental and applied researches in food technology, nutritiology and the latest molecular biological technologies. General approaches to modern principles of functional food production technology are proposed. The role of the latest molecular biological technologies in functional food production is disclosed, especially of the proteomics, nutrigenomics and metabolomics. Important directions of functional food research are shown, they are associated with identification of new functional ingredients and increasing confidence of the consumers in such products. Motivations are proposed to stimulate the food manufactures to continue to develop the functional foods and to increase their assortment, thus providing a remarkable profit from successful products.

Isolation and identification of tyramine-producing enterococci from human fecal samples

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ladero ◽  
María Fernández ◽  
Miguel A. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Human Mucosa ◽  
Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are recognized as a group of important microorganisms because of their crucial role in food fermentation and their contribution to the maintenance of health homeostasis, as natural inhabitants of the human mucosa. However, the metabolic activities of some strains, such as the ability to synthesize biogenic amines (BAs), can be detrimental to human health. BAs are low molecular weight compounds synthesized by the enzymatic decarboxylation of amino acids. Tyramine, one of the most biologically active BAs, is produced by certain strains of LAB related to food fermentations. Since no data are available as to whether tyramine originates exclusively from food intake, or, like polyamines, could be formed by gut bacteria, this study was focused on the isolation of tyramine-producing LAB from human feces. Different strains of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis able to produce tyramine in culture conditions were isolated.

scholarly journals Biologically Active Substances from Marine Hydrobionts of the Pacific Ocean as the Basis for Developing New Medicines

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
NN Besednova ◽  
TS Zaporozhets ◽  
TA Kuznetsova ◽  
NV Krylova ◽  
ID Makarenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction: Since 1970s, a school of thought on management of innate and acquired immunity systems using biologically active substances of the Far East marine origin has been developed by the Immunology Laboratory of Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). Biopolymers, which constitute the structural basis of live marine organisms and sustain numerous vital processes, draw special attention as potential candidates for pharmaceutical forms. The objective of our study was to summarize the results of long-term research on biologically active substances (BAS) from marine aquatic organisms (hydrobionts) of the Pacific Ocean as the basis for developing medicinal preparations for infectious disease prevention and treatment and dietary supplements for food and functional food products. Methods: We have selected and analyzed 46 principal published works of the researchers of the Institute found in electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and eLibrary) using appropriate keywords. Results: We established that over 500 substances from various hydrobionts of the Pacific Ocean including invertebrates, fish, algae, marine bacteria (polycationic and polyanionic polysaccharides of brown and red algae), pectins (colloidal carbohydrates of high molecular weight and complex structure), lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides from marine proteobacteria, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, glycolipids, low-molecular compounds of marine origin (sulfated polyoxysteroids, peptides, beta-glucans, nucleic acids, amino acid complexes, naphthoquinones and spinochromes of sea urchins) had been studied for their biological properties over the past almost half a century. The studies produced abundant new data on immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-adhesive, anti-endotoxic, pro-apoptotic, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic properties of biologically active substances, substantiated feasibility of designing innovative BAS-based medicines, and developed environmentally safe functional food products and dietary supplements. Conclusions: Biologically active substances from marine hydrobionts are a promising source for the development of novel domestic pharmaceuticals.

Cross-talk between adipose tissue and the HPA axis in obesity and overt hypercortisolemic states

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Vicennati ◽  
Silvia Garelli ◽  
Eleonora Rinaldi ◽  
Guido Di Dalmazi ◽  
Uberto Pagotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Active Substances

AbstractIn addition to its roles in providing insulation and mechanical support, adipose tissue (AT) has been recognised as the major site for storage of surplus fuel. Since leptin was discovered, white AT (WAT) has been recognised as an endocrine organ and an important source of biologically active substances with local and/or systemic action called adipokines. The metabolic and endocrine activities of AT are under the control of several hormones: a particular role has been played by glucocorticoids (GC), which able to participate, along with other hormones, both in recruitment of progenitor cells and in differentiation and secretive activities. AT is also able to generate cortisol from cortisone through 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). There are controversial reports in the literature, showing a hyperactivity of 11β-HSD in obesity. It has been postulated that obesity, particularly the visceral body fat distribution (V-BFD), may be considered a maladaptation to stress exposure, thus leading to hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and higher-than-normal cortisol levels. In this review, we will examine the cross-talk between the HPA axis and AT, their relationship under stressful events, depending on steroid hormones and different adipokine secretions.

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