Distribution, hosts, and site relationships of Armillaria spp. in central and southern Ontario

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1481-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Armillaria Gallica ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study investigated the species, geographic distribution, host range, site relationships, and impacts of Armillaria in central and southern Ontario. Rhizomorphs and infected wood samples were collected at 110 of 111 sites. Six species were identified by polymerase chain reaction or diploid–haploid pairings. Armillaria gallica Marxmuller & Romagn. was most commonly isolated and had the broadest host range. It was seldom isolated from conifers but often from oaks. It was the species most often found on moist sites and showed strong preference for calcareous soils. Armillaria calvescens Bérubé & Dessureault was rarely isolated from conifers but often from maples, where it commonly caused butt rot. It was found most often on coarse loamy or fine, well-drained, fresh sites. Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink. had the second broadest host range. It was seldom found on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) but dominated on conifers, especially on dry–fresh, rapidly drained sandy to coarse loamy sites. It was not found on sites with finer soils. Armillaria sinapina Bérubé & Dessureault and Armillaria gemina Bérubé & Dessureault were found in more northerly parts of the study area on noncalcareous sites. Armillaria sinapina often caused butt rot and was often found on poorly drained sites. Armillaria gemina was found only on hardwoods. Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer s.st. was found on dead hardwoods at four locations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Methods for Rapid, Accurate Detection and Monitoring of Verticillium dahliae in Woody Hosts by Real-Time PCR

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 866-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baker Aljawasim ◽  
Paul Vincelli
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Vascular Discoloration ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most economically important diseases of woody hosts such as ash (Fraxinus spp.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and redbud (Cercis canadensis). The causal agent has a broad host range, including not only woody hosts but also important vegetable and field crops, and it is distributed worldwide. Diagnosis of V. dahliae in infected woody hosts is often based on the occurrence of vascular discoloration and time-consuming isolation. However, not all woody hosts exhibit vascular discoloration, and not all vascular discoloration symptoms are due to infection by V. dahliae. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays were evaluated and employed for rapid and accurate detection of V. dahliae in different woody hosts. High-quality DNA was extracted in large quantities from presumptively infected woody hosts by collecting drill-press shavings from sample tissue, bead beating, and extracting using a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method. Six published primer sets were evaluated against genomic DNA of V. dahliae as well as selected negative controls, and two sets (VertBt-F/VertBt-R and VDS1/VDS2) showed promise for further evaluation using DNA extracts from field samples. The VertBt primers amplified a species-specific 115-bp fragment of the expected size, while the VDS primers amplified the expected specific 540-bp fragment. However, the VertBt primer set exhibited higher sensitivity in detection of V. dahliae even in asymptomatic trees. The PCR-based methods developed here could be used as rapid tools for pathogen detection and monitoring, thus informing plant pathogen management decisions.

Notes on the Biology of the Pitted Ambrosia Beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in Ontario and Quebec

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Southern Ontario

AbstractThe pitted ambrosia beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus (Zimm.), was studied during widespread infestations in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands of southern Ontario and Quebec. A brief description of each stage of the insect is given, and its life history and habits, as well as the damage caused to the host plant are discussed.

Changes in tree ring chemistry in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) along an urban–rural gradient in southern Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Watmough ◽  
T.C Hutchinson ◽  
E.P.S Sager
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Urban Rural

Soil and leaf analysis of fertilized sugar maple stands after ice storm damage

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vic R Timmer ◽  
Yuanxin Teng ◽  
John Pedlar
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
The Third

Lime and/or PK fertilizers were applied as remedial soil treatments to 33 sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) woodlots established on a broad range of sites in eastern Ontario. All woodlots were actively used for maple syrup production and had suffered varying degrees of crown damage as a result of the 1998 ice storm. Soil and foliar samples were collected one and three growing seasons after treatment to assess changes in soil fertility and nutrition of these stands. Except for Ca from liming, the treatments significantly increased soil supply of added elements (P, K, Ca or Mg) as measured by standard laboratory methods. These effects may be relatively short-lived, as soil nutrient levels on treatment plots had started to decline by the end of the third season after treatment. Liming alleviated acidity on acid soils, but pH of neutral calcareous soils was unaffected, thus allaying initial concerns that liming may be "toxic" on these soils. The liming response was rapid, and persisted into the third growing season. Nutrient responses in soils were reflected in foliar analyses. Leaf P, K, Ca, and Mg were significantly raised when added as soil amendments. The results show that first-season nutrient responses to fertilizer additions are sensitive indicators of treatment effects on soil and foliage of sugar maple in the region. Initial growth assessments suggest a 15–22% basal area increment to P and K applications; however, it is not known if these early treatment effects will translate into long-term tree growth and sap yield responses. Key words: Acer saccharum, phosphorous and potassium fertilization, liming, soil tests, foliar analysis, soil acidity

THE SEASONAL PATTERN OF NITROGEN AND CARBON MINERALIZATION IN FOREST AND PASTURE SOILS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. ELLIS
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Phenological Changes

Deficiency of N could be an important limitation to the establishment of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) on former agricultural soils. Consequently a study of the seasonal pattern in N and C mineralization was conducted with calcareous soils from four similar segments of a land unit that supported maple woodlot, old field, red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), planted old field, and pasture, respectively. Net N mineralized was determined after incubation in situ; rate of C mineralization was measured in situ; and both net N and C mineralized were determined after incubation (perfusion) in the laboratory. All soils showed marked seasonal variation in both their content of exchangeable ionic N and the rate at which N was mineralized. The results from in situ and laboratory determinations were similar. Maxima in May-June and in September were separated by a minimum in July. Winter minima occurred in November and late April. The direction of seasonal change was little affected by short-term changes in temperature and soil moisture, and appeared to be explicable as a response to phenological changes in the vegetation. The rate at which C was mineralized in situ reached a maximum in late July and minima in May and September; it was closely correlated with soil temperature (P = 0.001). In the laboratory the rate reached a maximum in June, and a minimum in July, followed by a slow recovery thereafter until the end of November. Both in situ and in the laboratory, N was mineralized most rapidly from the maple woodlot soil. While there were large differences among soils in the rate at which N was mineralized, there were only small differences in the rate of C mineralization. Thus, per unit of C mineralized, the net amounts of N mineralized in the laboratory from pine stand, pasture, and old-field soils were only 0.29, 0.27, and 0.22, respectively, of the amount mineralized from maple woodlot soil; comparable figures from in situ measurement were 0.24, 0.59, and 0.30. These results indicate that a diminished rate of mineralization of N on former agricultural soils vis-à-vis that on uncleared forest soils is associated with little diminution in their level of biological activity. Forest trees grown on such soils can, therefore, be expected to suffer a degree of N deficiency.

A New Disease of Epimedium Caused by Carnation Ringspot Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-331
Author(s):  
Roy G. Kiambi ◽  
Mattie M. Baumann ◽  
Benham E. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

Epimediums (Epimedium grandiflorum) are popular perennial groundcovers and are known to produce a wide range of medicinal effects. Extracts have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Carnation ringspot virus (CRSV) has a wide host range. In 2018, symptoms were observed on epimedium in three different landscape settings across St. Paul, MN. Leaf symptoms consisted of conspicuous mottling, chlorotic ringspots, and distortion of leaf margins. CRSV was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The CRSV host range now includes epimedium, which is the first species of the Berberidaceae family shown to be susceptible to CRSV. The potential risk of infection in other ornamental plant species in the family should be evaluated.

Distribution ofLeptosphaeria maculans in two fields in southern Ontario as determined by the polymerase chain reaction

1996 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Mahuku ◽  
Robert Hall ◽  
Paul H. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Polymerase Chain

High performance Nanogold™-in situ hybridzation and its use in the detection of hybridized and PCR-amplified microscopical preparations

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
G. W. Hacker ◽  
I. Zehbe ◽  
J. Hainfeld ◽  
A.-H. Graf ◽  
C. Hauser-Kronberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin-labeled probes is increasingly used in histology, histopathology and molecular biology, to detect genetic nucleic acid sequences of interest, such as viruses, genetic alterations and peptide-/protein-encoding messenger RNA (mRNA). In situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR in situ hybridization = PISH) and the new in situ self-sustained sequence replication-based amplification (3SR) method even allow the detection of single copies of DNA or RNA in cytological and histological material. However, there is a number of considerable problems with the in situ PCR methods available today: False positives due to mis-priming of DNA breakdown products contained in several types of cells causing non-specific incorporation of label in direct methods, and re-diffusion artefacts of amplicons into previously negative cells have been observed. To avoid these problems, super-sensitive ISH procedures can be used, and it is well known that the sensitivity and outcome of these methods partially depend on the detection system used.

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