Early regeneration and growth dynamics of Populus tremuloides suckers in relation to fire severity

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1998-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Regeneration

Four boreal mixedwood stands burned by the 1999 Black River wildfire in southeastern Manitoba were sampled to determine the effect of fire severity on density and diameter and height growth of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) suckers during the first three postfire years. Analysis of covariance, using prefire aspen basal area as the covariate, indicated that fire severity significantly affected postfire aspen sucker density, with significantly lower density found on severely burned plots. Changes in aspen sucker density over the three postfire years depended on fire severity, with significant changes observed only on scorched and lightly burned plots. Sucker mortality was positively related to the initial sucker density, with more than 80% of the total variance being explained. Fire severity significantly affected the growth of dominant aspen suckers in the first, but not the second and the third, postfire years. The first year of growth initially increased and then remained stable with the increase in density, while the second and third years of growth were not affected by density. Since fire severity within and (or) among burned stands is inherently heterogeneous, the effect of fire severity must be taken into account in predicting postfire density and growth of aspen suckers.

Observations on the Regeneration of Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich.) in Louisiana Swamps

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Williams H. Conner ◽  
John R. Toliver
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Taxodium Distichum ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
One Year ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Observations on the success of artificial regeneration of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich.) are presented for three Louisiana swamp stands logged in 1983. One-year-old baldcypress seedlings were planted in six 0.5 ac plots in each stand in 1985 and monitored for 4 years. Seedlings planted in two of the study areas were totally destroyed by nutria (Myocastor coypus Molina) within 3 months. In the third area, plots in which seedlings were not destroyed displayed over 90% survival during the study. Height growth of seedlings was significantly higher in the plot where basal area was reduced to 100 ft²/ac. Establishing baldcypress regeneration on these sites, artificial or natural, appears to be a difficult task, but when successful, the seedlings initially grow relatively fast even under partial shade. South. J. Appl. For. 14(3):115-118.

Effects of fire severity and season of burn on Betula glandulosa growth dynamics

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. de Groot ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Betula Glandulosa

Betula glandulosa survives over a wide range of North American fire regimes by resprouting from the rhizome. Over-winter root carbohydrate reserves are important to sprout production and growth in the following spring. Nursery and field experiments were conducted to examine the effects of seasonal clipping and fire severity (lethal heat applied to different soil depths) on B. glandulosa sprouting and growth, and seasonal burning and clipping on over-winter root carbohydrate storage. Low fire severity increased sprout numbers, and low fire severity in spring caused a large increase in height growth and above-ground biomass production over a 2-year period. Mortality rates increased sharply with higher levels of fire severity. Over-winter total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations in roots were significantly higher in plants burned immediately after leaf-flush than in mid-summer burned plants. None of the other seasonal burning or clipping treatments significantly influenced over-winter root TNC. Post-disturbance sprout growth reflected over-winter root TNC levels. B. glandulosa survives a wide range of fire frequencies by growing in plant communities that are most likely to burn in spring or autumn, and seldom burn in summer. This provides the greatest opportunity for maximum over-winter TNC storage. As well, high soil moisture after snowmelt ensures spring fires are almost always of low severity, which promotes increased sprout production, height growth and above-ground biomass.

scholarly journals Early Regeneration Dynamics of Pure Black Spruce and Aspen Forests after Wildfire in Boreal Alberta, Canada

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Jean ◽  
Bradley D. Pinno ◽  
Scott E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Regeneration Dynamics ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Successional Trajectory ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Root Suckering ◽  
Early Regeneration

Research Highlights: Black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) both regenerated vigorously after wildfire. However, pure semi-upland black spruce stands are at increasing risk of changing successional trajectories, due to greater aspen recruitment. Background and Objectives: Black spruce and aspen are found across the boreal forest with black spruce dominating lowlands and aspen being common in uplands. Both species are well adapted to wildfire with black spruce holding an aerial seedbank while aspen reproduce rapidly via root suckering. In the summer of 2016, the Horse River wildfire burned 589,617 hectares of northern Alberta’s boreal forest. Methods: We assessed early regeneration dynamics of both pure aspen and pure black spruce forests. For black spruce, 12 plots were established in both bog and semi-upland habitats to assess seedling regeneration and seedbed availability. For aspen, 12 plots were established in each of the low, moderate, and high burn severities, as well as 5 unburned plots. Results: Post-fire black spruce regeneration densities did not differ between bog and semi-upland habitats, but were positively correlated with forb cover and charred organic matter seedbeds. Aspen regeneration within pure black sprue stands was substantial, particularly in semi-upland habitats, indicating a potential shift in successional trajectory. Fire severity did not significantly affect aspen regeneration in pure aspen stands, but regeneration density in all severity types was >90,000 stems ha−1. Aspen regeneration densities were negatively related to post-fire forb and shrub cover, likely due to competition and cooler soil temperature.

Recruitment of Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana, and Populus tremuloides across a burn severity gradient following wildfire in the southern boreal forest of Quebec

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1845-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
D F Greene ◽  
J Noël ◽  
Y Bergeron ◽  
M Rousseau ◽  
S Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Crown Fire ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Seed Supply

Most studies of postfire tree recruitment have occurred in severely burned portions, despite the fact that partial burning is common. In this study we examined regeneration following a 1997 fire in the boreal forest of Quebec. A model of postfire recruitment was elaborated using parameters such as the proportion of trees killed (severity), the proportions of postfire seedbed types and their associated juvenile survivorship, the available seed supply, the available bud supply (for Populus tremuloides Michx.), and the granivory rate. All three species had peak recruitment in the first or second summer, and the recruitment episode was essentially finished after the third year. Mineral soil and surviving Sphagnum were the best seedbeds for both conifer species. Seedbed frequency was essentially independent of crown fire severity except for surviving Sphagnum, which was concentrated primarily where severity was light. Conifer fecundity was much lower in the lightly burned stands, a result we attribute to a higher granivory rate. The fecundity (seedlings/basal area for the conifers or suckers/basal area for Populus) in the severe sites was typical of the few other North American studies of postfire recruitment, where the published data permit us to make the comparison.

Height development of shade-tolerant conifer saplings in multiaged Acadian forest standsPublication 2954 of the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, University of Maine, Orono, Maine.

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2715-2723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Moores ◽  
Robert S. Seymour ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Forest Experiment Station

Understory growth dynamics of northern conifer species were studied in four stands managed under multiaged silvicultural systems in eastern Maine. Height growth of Picea rubens Sarg., Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., and Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. saplings between 0.5 and 6.0 m in height was related to the proportion open sky (POS), using sapling height as a covariate. Height growth of T. canadensis equaled A. balsamea and exceeded P. rubens under very low light levels (POS < 0.1) but is much less responsive to both increasing POS and taller heights, reaching 50% of its maximum height growth at a POS of only 0.09. Abies balsamea outgrew P. rubens under similar dark conditions; at higher light levels (POS > 0.10), both species grew similarly. Evidently, no feasible overstory manipulation of light alone can promote more rapid height development of P. rubens saplings over A. balsamea. A nonlinear light-prediction model using stand basal area is linked with height-growth prediction equations to quantify sapling development from 0.5 to 6 m. Depending on overstory density, P. rubens requires a height advantage of 0.14–0.33 m over a 0.5 m tall A. balsamea to reach a height of 6 m over the same time period.

Phenotypic selection in Betulapapyrifera

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Stanton ◽  
David S. Canavera
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Greenhouse Trial ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Control

Phenotypically superior trees of Betulapapyrifera Marsh, were identified on the basis of their breast height stem diameters in two even-aged stands in western Maine. The growth superiority of each of the candidate trees was evaluated further using one of three different selection methods. Two methods were based on mean annual volume increment and differed in regard to their use of comparison trees. Selected trees were those which grew the most volume throughout the life of the stand. In the third procedure, periodic basal area increment was compared with the estimated basal area increment using an equation incorporating crown surface area as an independent variable. Trees rated as most superior were those which produced the largest increment in relation to crown size. Open-pollinated progenies of selected and control trees were evaluated for height growth and stem diameter in a greenhouse trial. Although significant differences in height existed among the selection methods, no one method was successful in identifying trees whose progenies, as a group, were significantly taller than the average of the control progenies.

Genotypic variation and recovery of Populus tremuloides from biomass removal and compaction in northern Wisconsin, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Bockheim ◽  
H Park ◽  
J Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Biomass Removal

This study was initiated in 1990 to determine the effects of simulated logging practices on long-term productivity of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Treatments included three levels of biomass removal (entire aboveground woody biomass, control; control + coarse woody detritus, LS; and LS + forest floor, FF) and two levels of compaction (light compaction on winter skid roads, TRA; heavy simulated compaction with FF, COM). The study was conducted on a Typic Haplorthod and a Haplic Glossudalf of medium site quality (site index50 years = 21 and 23 m, respectively) on the Brule State Forest. Twelve years after treatment, the following results were noted: (1) there were no significant differences in aspen height growth among treatments at either site except for lower stocking, height, diameter, and basal area on heavily compacted plots (COM, forest floor removed before compaction) at the clay site; (2) there was considerable genotypic variation in aspen height growth; and (3) recovery of physical properties, as reflected by bulk density, occurred within 12 years of treatment but was not manifested by improved aspen growth. These results suggest that concern over long-term effects of intensified biomass removal and soil compaction should be matched by a concern over protection of the aspen gene pool in the upper Great Lakes region.

scholarly journals The Response of Basal Area Increment in Old Sprout-origin Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) Trees During Their Conversion to a Coppice-with-standards

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-847
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Adamec ◽  
Jan Kadavý ◽  
Michal Kneifl ◽  
Markéta Šplíchalová ◽  
Martin Klimánek
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Coppice With Standards

This paper addresses the response of adult sprout-origin sessile oaks (Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl.) to a strong release. Our research plot was established at the Training Forest Enterprise of Mendel University in Brno (Czech Republic) at the turn of 2008/2009. The plot is situated on a plateau with mesotrofic soil in a beech-oak forest vegetation zone at an altitude of 410 m above sea level. Tree responses were monitored using precise girth measurements. During the first year after the release, the basal area increment showed a positive correlation with only the tree diameter. During the second and third year, the basal area increment was also correlated with the release intensity. During the third year, the basal area increment was explained by the tree diameter, the crown shape, and the release intensity as well as individual types of epicormic shoot occurrence. The occurrence of epicormic shoots in the lower part of the trunks and umbel-shaped crowns increased the basal area increment. In the first, second and third year after thinning, the model explained 11.79%, 11.25% and 28.99%, respectively, of the basal area increment variability. Adult trees of sprout origin responded to a strong release very early (within two years) after felling.

Seedbed variation from the interior through the edge of a large wildfire in Alberta

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1640-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F Greene ◽  
S Ellen Macdonald ◽  
Steve Cumming ◽  
Lynn Swift
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Soil Exposure ◽  
In Fire

Despite the importance of seedbeds in the life histories of many plant species, there has been little study of the seedbeds created by wildfire in fire-prone vegetation types such as the boreal forest. Both within the interior and at the edge of a very large (>100 000 ha) 2001 wildfire in the mixedwood boreal region of Alberta, we examined the postfire duff depth and the percent coverage of seedbed types. Minimizing the effect of site and forest composition, we looked only at Picea glauca (Moench) Voss – Populus tremuloides Michx. sites burned during a single day of high fire intensity. Good seedbeds (thin humus and exposed mineral soil, with or without ash) averaged 35% coverage within the interior of the fire but varied enormously among stands. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between prefire percent white spruce basal area and percent mineral soil exposure; that is, there is some tendency for conifer stands to create the seedbeds best suited for their own germinants. Fire severity played a clear role in mineral soil exposure, which was greatest in areas with 100% canopy mortality. Mineral soil exposure was far less at the edges of the fire, averaging only 5% even in areas where all trees had been killed; the burn edge was characterized by superficial flaming combustion with no evidence of substantial duff removal via smoldering combustion. In short, the areas where white spruce seed will be most common after the fire, the edges, are where the worst seedbeds in the burn will be found. Regeneration microsites at fire edges appear to be better suited to regeneration of broadleaf species, via suckering; the persistence of white spruce in fire-prone landscapes continues to be difficult to explain.

The study of important agronomic traits by multivariate analysis in winter rapeseed cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Gader Ghaffari ◽  
Farhad Baghbani ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Eigenvalue ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

In order to group winter rapeseed cultivars according to evaluated traits, an experiment was conducted in the Research Greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tabriz - IRAN. In the experiment were included 12 cultivars of winter rapeseed and 3 levels of water deficit stress. Gypsum blocks were used to monitor soil moisture. Water deficit stress was imposed from stem elongation to physiological maturity. According to the principal component analysis, five principal components were chosen with greater eigenvalue (more than 0.7) that are including 81.34% of the primeval variance of variables. The first component that explained the 48.02% of total variance had the high eigenvalue. The second component could justify about 13.64% of total variance and had positive association with leaf water potential and proline content and had negative relationship with leaf stomatal conductivity. The third, fourth and fifth components expressed around, 10.18, 4.83 and 4.68% of the total variance respectively. The third component had the high eigenvalue for plant dry weight. The fourth component put 1000-seed weight, seed yield, Silique per Plant and root dry weight against plant dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf water potential. The fifth component had the high eigenvalue for root dry weight, root volume and 1000-seed weight.

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