Controlling Kalmia and reestablishing conifer dominance enhances soil fertility indicators in central Newfoundland, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin T. Moroni ◽  
Nelson Thiffault ◽  
Brian D. Titus ◽  
Christina Mante ◽  
Franz Makeschin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Organic Layer ◽  
Mineralizable N

Growth rates of young conifers can be poor on disturbed sites dominated by Kalmia angustifolia L. Hence, a conifer revegetation trial was established on a Kalmia -dominated site to evaluate the effects of various silvicultural options and planted species on selected soil organic layer characteristics. Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, Pinus banksiana Lamb., and Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP seedlings were planted in plots with or without Kalmia control with herbicides. The effect of fertilizer amendment was also assessed. Seventeen years postplanting, organic layer fertility indicators suggest that soil fertility improved after Kalmia control and conifer reestablishment, especially if nitrogen (N) – phosphorus – potassium fertilizer was also applied. When Kalmia was controlled, aerobically mineralizable N and exchangeable sodium concentrations were increased; fertilizer addition to herbicided plots also increased exchangeable potassium and calcium concentrations, and cation exchange capacity compared with untreated control plots. Conifer height, diameter, and canopy closure were Larix > Pinus > Picea. Kalmia cover in control plots was 87%; Kalmia reinvasion in herbicided plots achieved 40%–43% cover but did not differ among the conifer species. Principal component analysis indicated that aerobically mineralizable N and total N were positively correlated with canopy closure. Our results suggest that increases in organic-layer fertility were related to increased conifer size resulting from Kalmia control.

Soil fertility and crop growth under poultry/crop integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Hilimire ◽  
Stephen R. Gliessman ◽  
Joji Muramoto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Total N ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Farm Soils

AbstractInnovative sources of soil fertility are of utmost importance to growers in light of rising fertilizer costs and environmental concerns. Integrating livestock and crop production is one channel by which agricultural practitioners can enhance soil fertility. For this research, soil fertility was analyzed in pastured poultry/crop agroecosystems to determine whether free-ranging birds and pasture could be used to replace or supplement non-manure-based fertilizers. Soils from adjacent cropped areas were compared to plots with a recent history of pastured poultry use on two farms, and crop plants were grown in each type of soil in a replicated greenhouse experiment. Spatial variation in soil fertility was also assessed relative to location of poultry coops. Pastured poultry plots had elevated soil total C, total N, NH4+–N, NO3−–N, Olsen P, exchangeable K, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity relative to the control of typically managed organic farm soils without pastured animal inputs. These soil fertility changes conferred greater biomass and height to sunflowers and beans grown in these soils relative to control soils for most treatments. Results suggest that pastured poultry can effectively fertilize soil for certain crops but that a need exists for more research into (1) phosphorus management and (2) ensuring a spatially uniform distribution of manure.

scholarly journals Soil carbon and nutrient stocks under Scots pine plantations in comparison to European beech forests: a paired-plot study across forests with different management history and precipitation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Diers ◽  
Robert Weigel ◽  
Heike Culmsee ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Total N ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Background Organic carbon stored in forest soils (SOC) represents an important element of the global C cycle. It is thought that the C storage capacity of the stable pool can be enhanced by increasing forest productivity, but empirical evidence in support of this assumption from forests differing in tree species and productivity, while stocking on similar substrate, is scarce. Methods We determined the stocks of SOC and macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium) in nine paired European beech/Scots pine stands on similar Pleistocene sandy substrates across a precipitation gradient (560–820 mm∙yr− 1) in northern Germany and explored the influence of tree species, forest history, climate, and soil pH on SOC and nutrient pools. Results While the organic layer stored on average about 80% more C under pine than beech, the pools of SOC and total N in the total profile (organic layer plus mineral soil measured to 60 cm and extrapolated to 100 cm) were greater under pine by about 40% and 20%, respectively. This contrasts with a higher annual production of foliar litter and a much higher fine root biomass in beech stands, indicating that soil C sequestration is unrelated to the production of leaf litter and fine roots in these stands on Pleistocene sandy soils. The pools of available P and basic cations tended to be higher under beech. Neither precipitation nor temperature influenced the SOC pool, whereas tree species was a key driver. An extended data set (which included additional pine stands established more recently on former agricultural soil) revealed that, besides tree species identity, forest continuity is an important factor determining the SOC and nutrient pools of these stands. Conclusion We conclude that tree species identity can exert a considerable influence on the stocks of SOC and macronutrients, which may be unrelated to productivity but closely linked to species-specific forest management histories, thus masking weaker climate and soil chemistry effects on pool sizes.

Application of Gliricidia sepium Tree Leaves and Nitrogen Fertilizer to Improve Tomato Production and Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
SS Keya ◽  
MG Miah ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement

Excess use of agrochemicals for intensive cultivation affects crop quality and destroys agro-ecosystems, and eventually creates health hazards. The study aims to investigate the effect of Gliricidia sepium (GS) tree leaf as suitable green manures for supplementing nutrient supply along with nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce quality tomato and soil fertility improvement. A field experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh, from November 2016 to March 2017. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (two factors) with three replications. There were nine treatment combinations with three levels of GS tree leaves (5, 10 and 15 t ha−1) and three doses of N (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer). The highest tomato yield was recorded in GS15×N100 treatment combination, which was 41.68% higher compared to the control treatment. Decreasing C: N ratio in increasing dose of GS and N treated plot indicated the quality of tree leaves that ensures faster decomposition and high nutrient release pattern of this species. Increasing rate of soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in different treatments as compared to initial soil showed soil fertility improvement. Overall, the results indicated that quality tomato could be grown successfully by the application of G. sepium tree leaves along with an appropriate amount of N fertilizer. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 77-87

Potentially mineralizable nitrogen, decomposition rates and their relationship to temperature for five Queensland soils

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Campbell ◽  
RJK Myers ◽  
KL Weier
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Total N ◽  
Net Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen

The procedure of Stanford and coworkers was used to quantitatively relate net nitrogen mineralization in five Queensland semi-arid soils to temperature. The concentration of potentially mineralizable nitrogen (No) (1) ranged from 67 �g nitrogen g-1 for a red earth subsoil to 256 for a recently cultivated cracking clay surface soil, (2) was directly proportional to total soil carbon, (3) was greater in surface than in subsurface soil, and (4) was greater in subtropical than tropical soils. Expressed as a fraction of total nitrogen (No/Total N), it ranged between 8 and 21%, and was directly proportional to cation exchange capacity, perhaps implicating expanding lattice clays in stabilization of cell lysates and metabolites. The mineralization rate constant (k) was directly proportional to total carbon, the fuel for microbially mediated reactions in soil. The average k for surface soils was interpolated to be 0.058, 0.031, and 0.018 week-1, corresponding to half-lives of 11.9, 22.4 and 38.5 weeks, at 35�, 25� and 15�C, respectively; these values are similar to those reported for U.S.A. and Chilean soils. The Arrhenius relationship between k and temperature for surface soils (log k = 6.14-2285/T) was similar to that reported by Stanford for U.S.A. soils, and indicates that this relationship might be a general one.

scholarly journals Soil Chemistry and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Yield as Influenced by 16 Years of Composted Poultry Litter Addition

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Hebert D. A. Abobi ◽  
Armand W. Koné ◽  
Bernard Y. Koffi ◽  
Saint Salomon F. Diahuissié ◽  
Stanislas K. Loukou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Litter Addition

Poultry litter is increasingly used as organic amendment in market gardening in Côte d’Ivoire. To know about the sustainability of this practice, its impacts on soil quality should be known. This study aimed at assessing the effect on soil fertility of composted poultry litter addition for 16 years following two distinct ways, and identifying soil parameters driving cucumber yield. Trials were laid out in a Fisher randomized block design with 3 treatments replicated 5 times each: Control (C), Surface-applied compost (SAC) and Buried compost (BC). Soil (0-20 cm) chemical characteristics and cucumber growth and yield parameters were measured. Values of all parameters were higher with compost addition compared to the control, except for the C:N ratio. SAC and BC showed similar values of organic C, total N, CEC, pH and available phosphorus. However, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and base saturation were higher in SAC than in BC. Relative to values in the control, the greatest changes in soil parameters were observed with exchangeable cations, followed by soil organic matter. Soil organic C and total N concentrations have doubled in SAC while Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ increased at greater rate (702.4, 400.9 and 186.67% respectively). Also, cucumber growth parameters were the highest with compost addition compared to the control. Significant effect of the compost application way on cucumber was also observed: collar diameter, leaf area and fresh fruit yield in SAC (0.72±0.02 cm, 258.9±12.3 cm2, 11.1±1.3 t ha-1, respectively) were higher than in BC (0.56±0.01 cm, 230.2±2.5 cm2, 5.4±0.5 t ha-1 respectively). Fruit yields in SAC and BC were four times and twice higher than in the control (2.6±0.3 t ha-1), respectively. Cucumber growth parameters were determined by soil concentration in Mg2+ while yield was determined by Ca2+. Composted poultry litter should be promoted for a sustainable soil fertility management in vegetable farming systems.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL COVER

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Novak ◽  
Laércio Alves Carvalho ◽  
Etenaldo Felipe Santiago ◽  
Irzo Isaac Rosa Portilho
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Environmental Recovery ◽  
Short Period

ABSTRACT A challenge for the environmental recovery of degraded areas is the search for soil data. In this process, the microbiological parameters and soil chemicals are potential indicators of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate soil quality based on microbiological and chemical soil attributes in different areas involving environmental recovery, sugarcane cultivation and remnants of native vegetation located in a rural private property farm in State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in Hapludox Eutrophic soil. The microbiological (microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, microbial quotient and metabolic quotient) and chemical parameters (organic matter, carbon, pH, cationic exchange capacity, sum of bases, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, saturation base and potential acidity) were assessed. Data were assessed by variance and multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and cluster analysis). Overall, the results showed highest alteration in the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil in sugarcane cultivation area in comparison with other areas. Considering the studied recovery areas, REC1, REC5 and REC7 show chemical and microbiological conditions with most similarity to native vegetation. Despite the short period of the resilience enhancement of environmental recovery areas, the development of vegetation cover and establishment of the microbial community were determined to be important factors for improving soil quality and environmental recovery in several of the areas studied.

scholarly journals Effect of three different agronomic conditions on biochemical profile and diversity in the rhizosphere of banana plantations infected with Fusarium oxysporum Race 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Sánchez-Zúñiga ◽  
◽  
Ana Tapia-Fernández ◽  
William Eduardo Rivera-Méndez ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Agronomic Conditions

Soil microorganisms play an important role as a link in the transfer of nutrients from the rhizosphere. The physical and chemical properties of soil, the metabolic profiles of microbial communities and different crop management practices can enhance our understanding of hizospheric interactions. This study aimed to establish differences in microbial communities associated with banana crops and the biochemical profile in farms under different agronomic conditions. Seven farms with different levels of intervention, management, and fusariosis severity were analyzed. The biochemical profile of the microbial community was determined using EcoPlates and the main substrates consumed by the microbial communities were identified through multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). Seven microorganisms were selected as indicators of nutrient cycles, pathogenicity and soil health. Also, soil chemical indicators were determined through a complete mineral analysis. For the physiological profile of soil microbial populations, it was observed that farms with the same management tend to be metabolically very similar. In the PCA, two principal components explained 90 % of the variance in the data. It was also determined that the genus Bacillus is predominant in all farms and that farm 4 (medium intervention) presented the most favorable values in all factors analyzed. The effective cation exchange capacity values are highlighted in the chemical analyses, which determined that all farms have a high fertility level. The metabolic profile, diversity and richness of each of the different farms were affected by the type of agronomic management used.

scholarly journals Peran Vegetasi Dominan Pada Karakteristik Tanah di Lahan Bera, Kampung Womnowi, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Slamet Arif Susanto ◽  
Heru Joko Budirianto ◽  
Agatha Cecilia Maturbongs
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Dracontomelon Dao ◽  
High Base ◽  
Important Value Index ◽  
Lansium Domesticum ◽  
Very High

Abstrak: Selama proses suksesi, vegetasi merupakan satu dari komponen utama untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan peran vegetasi dominan pada karakteristik tanah di lahan bera berumur 15 tahun Kampung Womnowi, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari. Vegetasi dominan ditentukan berdasarkan data indeks nilai penting (INP) analisis vegetasi. Sampel tanah diambil secara komposit pada luasan lahan 1 hektar dari dua kedalaman tanah (0–10 cm dan 10–20 cm). Vegetasi yang mendominasi lahan bera secara berurutan adalah Pometia pinnata, Dracontomelon dao, Octomeles sumatrana, Lansium domesticum, dan Pimelodendron amboinicum. Kehadiran O. sumatrana mengindikasikan lahan bera tanah aluvial, lebih lanjut terbukti karena lahan bera tersebut berdekatan dengan Sungai Womnowi. Karakteristik fisik tanah didominasi oleh fraksi lempung dan unsur makro lebih tinggi pada kedalaman 0–10 cm dibanding kedalaman 10–20 cm. Karakteristik tanah menunjukkan bahwa tanah tergolong masam (pH 5.4–5.6), kadar karbon organik tanah sedang (1.07–3.39%), kadar nitrogen total rendah (0.17–0.53%), kadar fosfor tersedia tergolong tinggi (10.7–22.4 ppm), kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) tergolong tinggi (10.50–20.32 cmol kg-1), kejenuhan basa tergolong sangat tinggi (65.4–66.7%), dan kadar Al3+ and H+ sangat rendah. Secara keseluruhan urutan KTK menunjukkan Ca > Mg > Na > K yang mengonfirmasi tanah aluvial dan pencucian kalium terjadi dengan cepat. Rendahnya kadar kalium dapat dihubungkan dengan penggunaan unsur tersebut untuk pembentukan buah L. domesticum. Selama pemberaan 15 tahun, vegetasi dominan memengaruhi karakteristik tanah.Kata kunci: vegetasi pohon, kesuburan tanah, analisis tanah, aluvial, Papua BaratAbstract: During succesional season vegetation is one of major compound to increase soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyzed and description dominant vegetation and their contribution to soil characteristic at fallow land 15 years old Womnowi Village, Sidey District, Manokwari. To determine dominant vegetations we used data important value index (IVI) of vegetation. Two depth of sample soils (0–10 cm dan 10–20 cm) were taken from one hectare area by composite technique. The dominant vegetation on fallow land dominated by Pometia pinnata, Dracontomelon dao, Octomeles sumatrana, Lansium domesticum, and Pimelodendron amboinicum respectively. Presence of O. sumatrana was indicated that the type of aluvial fallow land, further it is proven because the fallow land is close to the Womnowi River. Soil physical characteristic dominated by clay fractions, macronutrient was higher in depth 0-10 cm than 10-20 cm. Characteristic of soil shows acidic soils (pH 5.4–5.6), moderate of soil organic carbon (1.07–3.39%), total of nitrogen was low (0.17–0.53%), high available phosphorus (10.7–22.4 ppm), moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC) (10.50–20.32 cmol kg-1), very high base saturation (65.4–66.7%), and very lows of Al3+ and H+. Overall the order of CEC shows Ca > Mg > Na > K respectively confirmed aluvial soil and fast leached potassium in soil. Low potassium levels are thought be related to the use of the element for fruits formation of L. domesticum. During 15 year fallowed, dominant vegetation had influence to soil characteristic.Key words: tree vegetation, soil fertility, soil analysis, alluvial, West Papua

scholarly journals Precipitation effects on soil characteristics in tropical rain forests of the Chocó biogeographical region

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 7813-7823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harley Quinto Mosquera ◽  
Flavio Moreno Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Total N ◽  
P Content ◽  
Biogeographical Region ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Average annual precipitation (AAP) is one of the principal environmental factors that regulates processes in terrestrial ecosystems. The effect of AAP on the availability of edaphic nutrients is poorly understood, especially in tropical zones with high rainfall. In order to evaluate the effects of high AAP on the availability of soil N, P, and K, physicochemical parameters were measured in soils of three tropical rainforests in the Chocó biogeographical region with different AAPs (7,500, 8,000, and 10,000 mm yr-1). Furthermore, a bibliographical review was carried out that including studies for distinct tropical Ultisols and AAP ranging from 1,800 to 10,000 mm yr-1. The evaluated soils presented extreme acidity with high contents of Al, organic matter (OM) and total N, and low quantities of P, Mg, and Ca. The K concentrations were intermediate and the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was low. On the other hand, in the evaluation of the influence of the AAP on the availability of N, P, and K in the soil, contrasting tendencies were observed. On one side, a positive curvilinear relationship was found between the availability of N and the increase in the AAP. On the other side, the available P content significantly decreased with increasing AAP. In conclusion, the excessive AAP resulted in increases in total N and low availability of P, thereby altering the dynamics of the nutrients and the carbon balance of the tropical forest

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