Relative sensitivity of 18 full-sib families of Pinustaeda to O3

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Kress ◽  
J. M. Skelly ◽  
K. H. Hinkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Foliar Symptom ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Further Development

Seedlings of 18 full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) were screened for sensitivity to 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 ppm O3 in 8-h exposures. Primary needles of newly germinated seedlings and secondary needles of 1-year-old trees were exposed when the needle ages were 3–4 and 8–12 weeks, respectively. Significant variation in foliar symptom expression was noted among families, and was nearly identical for both primary and secondary needles. Family 6-13 × 2-8 was the most sensitive in eight of nine treatments, and was significantly more sensitive than the remaining 17 families in five of nine treatments. In all cases, family 6-13 × 2-8 sustained greater injury than the families involving parent tree 504 (three families) and the difference was significant in eight of nine treatments. The data suggest that it may be feasible to use sensitive and insensitive families of loblolly pine as air pollutant bioindicators, although considerable further development is necessary. The finding that sensitivity and tolerance may be heritable warrants further study.

Freezing stress tolerance of hardy and tender families of loblolly pine

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1892-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Hodge ◽  
R.J. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cell Water ◽  
Strain Tolerance ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Difference

The freezing behavior of shoot tips of cold-acclimated loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) from four half-sib families varying in hardiness were studied using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Freeze dehydration strain was measured both as the fraction of freezable water frozen (FWF), and contraction strain index (CSI), and differences in hardiness of hardy and tender families were partitioned into differences in strain avoidance and strain tolerance. If dehydration strain is measured as FWF, differences between hardy and tender loblolly families could be explained almost completely as differences in strain tolerance. If dehydration strain is measured as CSI, strain tolerance accounts for a large percentage (≥60%) of the difference in hardiness, although avoidance may also play a role. Hardy families keep a larger fraction of their total cell water in a bound or osmotically inactive state, thus incurring less cell contraction associated with losing cell water volume to freeze dehydration.

Inheritance of aluminium tolerance in Phalaris aquatica L

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Culvenor ◽  
RN Oram ◽  
JT Wood
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Further Development

The inheritance of aluminium tolerance in P. aquatica was investigated in solution culture, and correlations with other screening systems were determined. In the Israeli cultivar, Noy, the difference between the highly sensitive and moderately tolerant classes, which had been resolved in earlier experiments, can be largely explained by a two-gene hypothesis in which tolerance requires at least one dominant allele at each locus. Modifiers of these genes may also be involved. Assuming that the extensive continuous variation within the moderately tolerant class is polygenic, a quantitative inheritance study was conducted in a population of half-sib families in a diverse breeding population, the sensitive class being eliminated on performance in solution. Heritability estimates for relative root extension in solution ranged from 0.48 to 0.75, and estimated response to selection was high. However, heritability estimates for shoot growth of the same plants on a field site high in aluminium were low and non-significant (0.07-0.26). The highest estimate of genetic correlation between solution and field was not significant at 0.56. Variability in soil aluminium concentrations appeared to be a major cause of these low values. Prior screening of the population using a haematoxylin root-staining procedure gave a significant genetic correlation with solution responses (0.48). However, the technique requires further development for screening phalaris. In breeding for improved tolerance, the highly sensitive class could be eliminated by test crossing potential parents with homozygous sensitive plants. Several generations of selection could then be imposed, which, on the basis of genetic parameters estimated from solution screening, should yield a population appreciably more aluminium-tolerant than existing cultivars.

scholarly journals A Loblolly Pine Seedling-Grade by Genotype Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. South ◽  
James L. Rakestraw
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Mean Annual Increment ◽  
Percentage Point Difference

Abstract A loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling grade study was established in January 1987 on a Coastal Plain site at Bellville, Georgia. The factorial study involved three seedling grades (Wakeley's Grade 1, 2, and 3) and three half-sib families (#5, 25, 56). Trees were measured at ages 8 and 13 yr. Both family and seedling grade affected survival, height, and diameter at age 8 yr. Survival among families varied by as much as 3 percentage points while there was a 10 percentage point difference between Grade 1 and Grade 2 seedlings. Only family was related to height and diameter at age 13. Volume gains from planting Grade 1 seedlings instead of Grade 3 seedlings varied by family but there were no significant interactions between family and seedling grade. Differences in height among families and among seedling grades decreased over time. At age 8, there was a 5.3 ft difference between the tallest and shortest family but by age 13, the difference declined to 3.7 ft.Overall, planting family 56 instead of family 25 resulted in an additional 645 ft3/ac by age 13. Planting Grade 1 seedlings instead of Grade 3 seedlings produced an additional 303 ft3/ac. Per acre volume differences among families were greater at age 13 than at age 8. In contrast, differences among seedling grades were about the same at age 8 and 13 yr. The overall mean annual increment (MAI) for this study was 207 ft3/ac/yr. In comparison, the MAI for Grade 1 seedlings of family 56 was 239 ft3/ac/yr. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):153–158.

scholarly journals The Psychology of Creativity: A Discussion Between Creative Potential and Its Realization

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Gralewski
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Social Conditioning ◽  
Creativity Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Psychology Of Creativity

AbstractThis text is devoted to a discussion of current achievements in the psychology of creativity, as well as to the further development of the field. It is concerned with a criticism of former and current theses in the field of the psychology of creativity discussed by Glăveanu (2014). The arguments presented indicate that, despite Glăveanu’s (2014) proposition, the psychology of creativity is not in crisis. It is pointed out that the difference in views between supporters of the social psychology approach to creativity and psychology researchers oriented towards the study of creative potential on how to conduct creativity research, stems from a concentration on different levels of creativity, and not necessarily from an ineffective theory of creativity. As a consequence of these different perceptions of creativity at its particular levels, determining the prime standard of creative potential is not sufficient to understand the social conditioning of creative activity and the social assessment of creativity, and vice versa.

Monitoring foliar symptom expression in beech leaf disease through time

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie J. Fearer ◽  
Daniel Volk ◽  
Constance E. Hausman ◽  
Pierluigi Bonello
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Foliar Symptom

scholarly journals Distributions of Human Exposure to Ozone During Commuting Hours in Connecticut Using the Cellular Device Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Owais Gilani ◽  
Simon Urbanek ◽  
Michael J. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Epidemiologic studies have established associations between various air pollutants and adverse health outcomes for adults and children. Due to high costs of monitoring air pollutant concentrations for subjects enrolled in a study, statisticians predict exposure concentrations from spatial models that are developed using concentrations monitored at a few sites. In the absence of detailed information on when and where subjects move during the study window, researchers typically assume that the subjects spend their entire day at home, school, or work. This assumption can potentially lead to large exposure assignment bias. In this study, we aim to determine the distribution of the exposure assignment bias for an air pollutant (ozone) when subjects are assumed to be static as compared to accounting for individual mobility. To achieve this goal, we use cell-phone mobility data on approximately 400,000 users in the state of Connecticut, USA during a week in July 2016, in conjunction with an ozone pollution model, and compare individual ozone exposure assuming static versus mobile scenarios. Our results show that exposure models not taking mobility into account often provide poor estimates of individuals commuting into and out of urban areas: the average 8-h maximum difference between these estimates can exceed 80 parts per billion (ppb). However, for most of the population, the difference in exposure assignment between the two models is small, thereby validating many current epidemiologic studies focusing on exposure to ozone. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.

scholarly journals Loblolly Pine Outperforms Slash Pine in Southeastern Georgia and Northern Florida

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
John W. Rheney ◽  
Kenneth L. Hitch
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stand Basal Area ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A total of 141 paired plot installations remain of the 160 that were planted with slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly (P. taedaL.) pine across southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, after 14 growing seasons. Installations were evenly distributed across eight soil types. Analyses indicate that loblolly performed equal to or better than slash pine. There were no soil X species interactions. After 14 yr, loblolly pine had significantly higher survival (71% vs. 66%), stand basal area (98 vs. 81 ft2/ac), total stand volume (1857 vs. 1721 ft3/ac), merchantable stand volume (1497 vs. 1310 ft3/ac), total green weight (53 tons vs. 47 tons), and merchantable green weight (45 vs. 35 tons/ac) than slash pine. Growth over the period from age 11 to age 14 was also higher for loblolly than for slash indicating that the difference in the two species is diverging over time. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1): 31-36.

Group I Clostridium botulinum Strains Show Significant Variation in Growth at Low and High Temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATJA HINDERINK ◽  
MIIA LINDSTRÖM ◽  
HANNU KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Type B ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Group I ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
The Difference

The minimum and maximum growth temperatures of 23 group I Clostridium botulinum strains of the toxin types A, AB, B, and F were determined. Moreover, the maximum growth rates at 20, 37, and 42°C of the same strains were recorded. The minimum growth temperatures varied from 12.8 to 16.5°C, whereas the maximum growth temperatures showed even wider variation, from 40.9 to 48.0°C. At 20 and 37°C, a twofold difference in maximum growth rates between the slowest and the fastest growing strains was found; at 42°C the difference was more than 30-fold. As expected, all strains grew significantly slower at 20°C than at 37°C. However, eight type B strains grew substantially faster at 42°C than they did at 37°C. These findings indicate that the optimum growth temperature for some group I C. botulinum type B strains is higher than the temperature of 37°C that is generally accepted. A significant correlation between maximum growth rates at 42°C and maximum growth temperatures was found for type B and F strains, whereas for type A strains no such correlation could be found. Strain variation was particularly high for the type B strains, reflecting the wide genetic diversity of this toxin type. The significant variation between strains of group I C. botulinum may have an impact on inoculation studies and predictive modeling when assessing the safety of foods.

Horseshoe crabs as potential sentinel species for coastal health: juvenile haemolymph quality and relationship to habitat conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy K. Y. Kwan ◽  
Virginia K. Y. Un ◽  
S. G. Cheung ◽  
Paul K. S. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Sentinel Species ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lead Nickel ◽  
Further Development

As an interface between terrestrial and marine environments, coastal and estuarine areas are particularly prone to various pollution stresses. Identification of sentinel species is, therefore, essential to provide precautionary information on coastal health conditions. Given their significant ecological roles in estuarine ecosystems, horseshoe crabs are a potential species to indicate the general health status of coastal habitats. The present study demonstrated that the changes in haemolymph composition pattern of two Asian juvenile horseshoe crab species (Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) are sensitive to reflect heavy metal (lead, nickel and iron) and nutrient (nitrate and ammonia) concentrations of intertidal sediments. In particular, a significant negative correlation was found for the amebocyte viability and ratio of granular–spherical to granular–flattened and degranulated dendritic-like morphological states of amebocytes in juvenile haemolymph with nitrate and lead concentrations respectively. There were also significantly higher concentrations of haemolymph haemocyanin and plasma protein in juvenile C. rotundicauda than in T. tridentatus on the same shore, possibly being related to the difference in foraging habitats of these two horseshoe crab species. Such non-lethal sampling of haemolymph from juvenile horseshoe crabs can be useful for a further development of the monitoring program in assessing potential environmental impacts by anthropogenic activities.

scholarly journals Algorithmic regulation and the rule of law

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2128) ◽  
pp. 20170355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Computational Architecture ◽  
Argumentation Mining ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Further Development

In this brief contribution, I distinguish between code-driven and data-driven regulation as novel instantiations of legal regulation. Before moving deeper into data-driven regulation, I explain the difference between law and regulation, and the relevance of such a difference for the rule of law. I discuss artificial legal intelligence (ALI) as a means to enable quantified legal prediction and argumentation mining which are both based on machine learning. This raises the question of whether the implementation of such technologies should count as law or as regulation, and what this means for their further development. Finally, I propose the concept of ‘agonistic machine learning’ as a means to bring data-driven regulation under the rule of law. This entails obligating developers, lawyers and those subject to the decisions of ALI to re-introduce adversarial interrogation at the level of its computational architecture. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations'.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document