Stand structure and growth form of the birch transition community in an industrially damaged ecosystem, Sudbury, Ontario

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. James ◽  
G. M. Courtin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Woodland Regeneration ◽  
Crown Dieback

The anthropogenic birch transition community has developed in the vicinity of Sudbury, Ont., as a result of base-metal mining and smelting, logging, and forest fires over the past century. This study investigates the floristic composition and structure of an exposed ridge site and a protected woodland site in this community, a coppice woodland dominated by Betulapapyrifera Marsh. and Acerrubrum L. For convenience in the field, vegetation was classified into growth forms I to V on the basis of morphological development and stem diameter to separate multiple-stemmed stools from single-stemmed individuals and seedlings from saplings of seedling size but older than 1 year. The ridge was dominated by small stools (growth form II) of B. papyrifera, whereas both large stools (growth form I) and small stools of B. papyrifera and A. rubrum characterized the woodland. No A. rubrum and only a few B. papyrifera seedlings became established at the ridge. Seedlings that survive develop into growth form II while still less than 1 m high. At the woodland, regeneration also was low, but A. rubrum seedlings were more frequent than those of B. papyrifera. Lack of seedlings, the persistence of coppicing, and periodic crown dieback maintain this coppice woodland in its present form so that little change with time is expected.

scholarly journals Floristic composition of oak forests and oriental hornbeam scrubs on mt. Vidlič in the first three years after a wildfire

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Marija Marković ◽  
Biljana Nikolić ◽  
Aleksandar Lučić ◽  
Tatjana Ratknić
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
First Year ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Previous State

After a catastrophic wildfire on Vidlič Mountain in 2007, which among other things burned oak forests and hornbeam scrubs, their floristic composition was monitored for three years. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in the field using the Braun-Blanquet method, and the results are presented in the form of a synthetic phytosociological table. It was observed that in the stands in which the vegetation was only partially damaged, a shorter recovery time was required to return to the previous state - as it was before the wildfire. The initial stages of vegetation recovery at sites where complete destruction of vegetation occurred were characterized by a strong presence of annual therophytes: Orlaya grandiflora, Sideritis montana, Geranium dissectum, Althaea hirstuta. The first year after the wildfire was characterized by the dominance of annual species of Bupleurum praealtum, Crepis setosa and Centaurea calcitrap, which were not recorded in the monitored stands in the second and third year after the wildfire. In the second and third year after the wildfire, perennial plants and various grass species assumed dominance. It is necessary to conduct further systematic and continuous monitoring of the floristic composition and structure of the oak forests that completely burned in the wildfire, as well as an analysis of the profitability of the restitution of oak forests damaged by forest fires in Serbia.

Composition and structure of mountain forests containing two tropical pines, Pinus krempfii and Pinus dalatensis, on the Da Lat Plateau, southern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Hara ◽  
Trường Thanh Hoàng ◽  
Trần Văn Tiến ◽  
Masahiko Ohsawa
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Trigonobalanus Verticillata ◽  
Pine Species

Abstract We examined the floristic composition and stand structure of tropical mountain forests containing two pine species, Pinus krempfii Lecomte and Pinus dalatensis Ferré, on the Da Lat Plateau in southern Vietnam. A total of 92 tree species were identified, and the greatest species richness at the family level was found in Lauraceae and Fagaceae. Both pine species grew to more than 25 m in height and spread their crowns over the continuous canopy layer. Under crowns of P. krempfii, Castanopsis chinensis, Trigonobalanus verticillata, Engelhardia roxburghiana, and Dendropanax hainanensis constituted the continuous canopy layer. Under crowns of P. dalatensis, pioneer species such as Schima wallichii, Exbucklandia populnea, and Pentaphylax euryoides along with gymnosperms such as Dacrycarpus imbricatus and Dacrydium elatum constituted the continuous canopy layer. Juveniles of P. krempfii were prevalent on the forest floor, but juveniles of P. dalatensis were scarce. We suggest that two pine species have different regeneration requirements related to disturbance and soil condition.

scholarly journals Urbanization effects on the composition and structure of macrophytes communities in a lotic ecosystem of Pernambuco State, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. C. C. Xavier ◽  
F. Scherner ◽  
D. C. Burgos ◽  
R. C. Barreto ◽  
S. M. B. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Macrophyte Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Lotic Ecosystem ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract Population growth in urban areas changes freshwater ecosystems, and this can have consequences for macrophyte communities as can be seen in the municipalities that border the Capibaribe River, Pernambuco, Brazil. This study reports the effects of urbanization on the composition and structure of macrophyte communities in areas along that river. The following urbanized and non-urbanized sampling sites were chosen: Sites 1 and 2 (municipality of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe), Sites 3 and 4 (municipality of Toritama), and Sites 5 and 6 (metropolitan region of Recife). These sites were visited every two months from January to July 2013 to observe seasonal variation (wet and dry seasons). Thirty-one species were identified. Generally, the non-urbanized sites had a higher number of species. Multivariate analyses indicated significant overall differences between urbanized and non-urbanized areas (R = 0.044; p < 0.001) and between seasons (R = 0.018; p < 0.019). Owing to the large variation in physical, chemical, and biological characteristics between urbanized and non-urbanized areas, we found that urbanization significantly influenced the floristic composition and structure of macrophyte communities.

scholarly journals Technique for describing woody vegetation composition and structure in inventory type classification, ordination and animal habitat surveys

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Coetzee ◽  
W. P.D. Gertenbach
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Quadrat Size ◽  
Class A ◽  
Height Class ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Type Classification ◽  
Vegetation Composition And Structure ◽  
Animal Habitat

Woody structure and composition is recorded to provide for calculating per species, stem growth form and height class: (a) canopy regime at different height levels; (b) total projected canopy cover; and (c) density. Quadrat size is determined independently at each site for each height class to suit the density and distribution of plants.

scholarly journals Community Arctio-Artemisetum vulgaris (Tx. 1942) Oberd. et al. 1967.: The most widespread ruderal community at Pancevacki rit

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Radmila Stankovic-Kalezic ◽  
Slobodan Jovanovic ◽  
Vaskrsija Janjic ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Composition And Structure

A several-year investigation of distribution, phytocoenological differentiation, floristic composition and structure of the ruderal flora and vegetation, and relative anthropogenic influences was conducted in the area of Pancevacki rit. The study focused on the ruderal community Arctio-Artemisetum vulgaris, the most widespread of 10 ruderal communities identified in a detailed phytocoenological analysis of the location of Pancevacki rit.

Composition and community structure of mangroves distributed on the east coast of Marajó Island, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Luzia Santos de Oliveira Faro ◽  
Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros-Sarmento ◽  
Norma Ely Santos Beltrão ◽  
Paulo Weslem Portal Gomes ◽  
Ana Cláudia Caldeira Tavares-Martins
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Marine System ◽  
Marajó Island ◽  
White Water ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Abstract Mangroves in the Amazon are influenced by several environmental conditions that determine the composition and structural development of the arboreal flora, which results in different distribution patterns. In this study, we sought to answer two questions: (1) what is the composition and structure of the mangroves near the mouth of the Amazon River in Marajó Island? (2) Are the fringe and inland mangroves more similar or dissimilar in terms of floristic composition? For this, we delimited a fringe zone and an inland zone about 1 km apart from each other. In each zone, we distributed five 400-m2 plots. The individuals were grouped into diameter and height classes and structural and phytosociological parameters were calculated. Ten species were recorded in the mangroves, of which seven are typical of white-water (várzea) and black-water (igapó) flooded forest ecosystems. We believed the adjacent ecosystems and the hydrological network are inducing the establishment of such species. The composition and structure of mangroves did not differ statistically between zones, and the degree of similarity may be a result of similar environmental factors in these zones such as low relief and high frequency of macrotides. We conclude that the vegetation of the studied mangroves has a major influence of the fluvial-marine system of the great rivers of the Amazon associated with a diversity of ecosystems that, together, generate greater floristic richness when compared to mangroves in other regions.

scholarly journals A century of high elevation ecosystem change in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Trant ◽  
Eric Higgs ◽  
Brian M. Starzomski
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
Mountain Habitats ◽  
Image Pairs

Abstract Mountain ecosystems serve as sentinels of change, and those in the Canadian Rocky Mountains have undergone a pronounced shift over the past century. We present quantitative analyses of 81 high-resolution image pairs of systematic historic surveys and repeat photographs of Canadian Rocky Mountain habitats, measuring treeline advance, changes in tree density, and shifts in growth form from krummholz to trees. With a time-lapse of 68 to 125 years (mean 93.5 years) between image pairs, these photographs contain novel information about long-term ecological change across broad spatial scales. In the 197 linear km of mountain habitat over 5 degrees of latitude examined, we found evidence of treeline advance at 90/104 sites, increases in tree density at 93/104 sites, and many sites (79/95) showing detectable changes in the growth form of trees from krummholz to erect tree form. Using generalized linear mixed models, we found that treeline at higher altitudes and further north had a greater probability of advancing while regional climate factors in our model did not significantly explain our results. Historic references, such as those documented here, are invaluable for providing conservation targets and for contextualizing disturbance and broad scale ecosystem change.

No Long-Term Effects of Prescribed Fire on Lehmann Lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana)–Invaded Desert Grassland

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
Christopher M. McGlone
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Desert Grassland ◽  
Lehmann Lovegrass ◽  
Treatment Interaction

AbstractDesert grasslands of the southwestern United States have experienced an increase in the abundance and distribution of woody plant species over the past century. Shrub encroachment has caused a substantial loss of grasslands in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. The Chihuahuan Desert has also been invaded by Lehmann lovegrass, a fire-adapted species from southern Africa. In 1999, the U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service burned a remnant desert grassland to determine the effects of prescribed fire on shrub–perennial grass dynamics. The grassland also contained the nonnative perennial grass Lehmann lovegrass. I am reporting on a study that was initiated to determine whether prescribed burning would alter the vegetative community within and proximal to a Lehmann lovegrass–dominated patch. Cover of Lehmann lovegrass showed no significant response to the burn treatment. Of the dominant native species, only black grama and broom snakeweed had a significant year by treatment interaction. No species or growth form had a significant vegetation type by year by treatment interaction. After 6 yr, differences between burned and unburned transects were not significant for any species or growth form.

Multivariate Relationships between Floristic Composition and Stand Structure in Vegetation of Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, New South Wales

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F. Le Brocque ◽  
Rod T. Buckney
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
New South ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
South Wales

The relationships between stand structure and floristic composition were examined from data collected from 100 quadrats on two soil types: Hawkesbury sandstone and Narrabeen group soils, occurring within Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, New South Wales. Floristic composition was determined using the frequency of species occurring within nine concentric sub-quadrats of total area 500 m2. Stand structure was determined by a multivariate classification scheme utilising the foliage projective cover of eight strata within each quadrat. The patterns in floristic composition and stand structure were examined through multivariate analyses. Procrustes analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations of both the stand structure and composition data showed floristic composition gradients to be well recovered by the structure data. Similar gradients were evident in both vegetation attributes, between and within the two soil types, with the rank order of community types across the ordinations being the same. However, some important differences were evident between the ordinations of floristic composition and stand structure between and within soil types. A number of floristically dissimilar communities exhibited very similar multivariate structural characteristics. In particular, two floristically distinct communities on different soil types were indistinguishable in terms of their structural characteristics. The multivariate analyses suggest a possible convergence of some compositionally distinct communities towards a common structural formation.

DIVERSITAS FLORISTIK DAN STRUKTUR VEGETASI DI HUTAN GUNUNG PAYUNG, TAMAN NASIONAL UJUNG KULON

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwaningsih Purwaningsih ◽  
Tika D. Atikah
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Lagerstroemia Speciosa ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Quadrat Method ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus

A floristic diversity and vegetation forest structure was carried out on the Mount Payung, Ujung Kulon National Park. The objective was to floristic composition and structure of the forest located at the peninsula of Ujung Kulon, Banten. The study was conducted using the quadrat method by establishing plots of 5000 m2 each at two locations Pasir Ipis and Gunung Keneng, thus the total area sampled was 1 ha. They were Plot Pasir Ipis and Plot Gunung Keneng. A total of 1898 trees comprising 105 species of 74 genera and 43 families were recorded. The number of species at Pasir Ipis higher (90 species) than plot Gn Keneng (61 species). Based on calculation the important value indexes (IVI), there were some dominan species with IVI >10 at Pasir Ipis Neesia altissima (IV=21,55), Barringtonia racemosa (17,89), Payena acuminata (13,35) and Neonauclea lanceolata (12,37). The dominated species at Plot Gn Kendeng were Pseuduvaria reticulata (IV= 34,30), Dillenia excelsa (27,62), Lagerstroemia speciosa (20,89), Popowia pisocarpa (17,57). The structure of forest could be inferred from the diameter and height of trees. The diameter measurements showed that 75,57 % of trees in plot Pasir Ipis and 80,51 % in plot Gunung Kendeng consist of small individuals with diameters between 10-20 cm. Trees with large diameters of >100 cm occurred in two plots among them Barringtonia racemosa, Polyalthia lateriflora, Popowia pisocarpa, Artocarpus elasticus. The presence of large numbers of small trees and lesser numbers of trees with large diameters in a forest stand indicated that the stand was regenerating after heavy disturbance. The presence of the majority of trees with height of < 20 m (99 %) further confirmed the forest’s dynamic status.

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