Keanekaragaman dan Kemelimpahan Tumbuhan Paku di Cagar Alam Donoloyo sebagai Bahan Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Biologi di SMA

This study aims 1) to determine the index of species abundance, characteristics, morphology of ferns in the nature reservearea of Donoloyo, Watusomo, slogohimo 2) to obtain an alternative source of learning biology in high school about the abundance of ferns based on interactive multimedia in the form CD 3) to find out the multimedia validation of interactive learning biology of ferns. This research method is descriptive quantitative exploration, the instrument used is a direct observation technique with the quadrat method and validation sheet. The results of the study showed that in the Donoloyo nature reserve, 12 species of ferns were found in 2 classes and 5 families which showed in the medium category. Observations of ferns are used as learning resources in the form of interactive multimedia learning. The quality of interactive media assessed by 3 validators namely material experts, media experts, and biology teacher get a percentage >80% (very valid) interactive multimedia is ready to be used as a learning media for biology in high school.

Plant Species Diversity and Degree of Homogeneity after the 2010 Eruption of Mount Merapi, Indonesia

The eruption in 2010 of Merapi Mount changed the diversity of plant species. The objective of this research was to investigate the diversity of plant species on Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). The sampling area was divided into three different levels of damage (heavy, medium, and mirror). The research was conducted by using line-transect and quadrat method. We were conducted using line-transect and quadrat method. The research showed that Acacia decurrens has the highest Important Value Index (IVI) at the heavy damage area of Cangkringan Resort (CR) and Kemalang Resort (KR) as well as in mirror damage area of Selo Resort (SR). The most important species at medium damage area of Dukun Resort (DR) were Albizia lopantha and Pinus merkusii. The pioneer species at Non-Cover Area (NCA) among others were Trema cannabina, Pityrogramma calomelanos, Imperata cylindrical, Buddleja asiatica, Anaphalis javanica. Eupatorium riparium were the most important species of herb in all four locations based on SIMPER, but it was not dominant in NCA. The homogeneity of plant in Cangkringan Resort and Selo Resort (C < D < E) were normally distributed, whereas NCA, DR, and KR (E ≥ D) were homogeneous. Analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling and value of ANOSIM (RANOSIM =0.69; p = 0.0001) demonstrated that all site locations have significance differences. This research was not only focusing on survey of vegetation diversity, but also frequency class distribution. Through this study of frequency of species provides a database for conservation biodiversity and restoration program.

Diversity and Community Structure of Plants in Selected Areas within Lake Mainit Watershed

Lake Mainit is one of the key biodiversity areas in the country, its watershed area is a habitat of endemic and native plant species but is now threatened due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, kaingin and expansion of agriculture. This study assessed the diversity and community structure of plants in the lowland and upland of the two selected areas (Cantugas and Jabonga) of Lake Mainit watershed through a transect and quadrat method. A total of 321 floral species were identified distributed into 85 families. The taxonomically well distributed families were Arecaceae, Moraceae and Fabaceae with 18, 17 and 14 species respectively and most species were trees and shrubs (187 species). The highest species diversity, richness and abundance was observed in the lowland of Jabonga while the highest dominance was observed in the upland of Catugas. The floral species of Lake Mainit watershed are threatened by anthropogenic activities especially expansion of agriculture and tree felling for infrastructure developments regardless of their environmental roles and inherent benefits. Therefore, sustainable conservation efforts should be geared towards ensuring their continuous existence in order to maintain environmental integrity.

Diversity and Distribution of the Mangrove Gastropods of Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Selangor

This study reports on the diversity and distribution of mangrove gastropods from Kuala Selangor Nature Park sampled from August to November 2017. The line transect with quadrat method was employed to sample gastropods which were handpicked from the various mangrove structures (root, stem, branch) and mangrove floor within 5m x 5m quadrats. Nineteen gastropod taxa were recorded from the Bruguiera, mixed (Bruguiera, Avicennia & Rhizophora), and Avicennia & Rhizophora zones. The Ellobiidae (Elobium aurisjudae and Cassidula aurisfelis), Potamidae (Cerithedia obtusa, Cerithidea cingulata and Telescopium telescopium), Muricidae (Chicoreus capucinus) and Naticidae (Nerita balteata) were the most distributed gastropod families at the study site. Gastropod horizontal distribution varied between tree zones (Bruguiera; Bruguiera-Avicennia-Rhizophora; and Avicennia-Rhizophora) and tree type (Brugueira, Rhizophora and Avicennia), while gastropod vertical distribution varied based on height on tree (0 – 120cm) and sub-habitats (roots, floor and trunk) as shown by the principle components analysis (PCA) biplots. The Margalef’s species richness (D=2.90) and Shannon-Weiner diversity (H’=2.32) was low which is typical of mangroves that are mature while Pielou’s evenness (J=0.77) was high implying lack of dominance by specific gastropod taxa.

Ecological Characteristics Study of the Vegetation Cover for the Protected Area Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tripoli-Libya

The aim of this research was to investigate the vegetation characteristics to determine the dominant species because the selected study area never has been ecologically studied before. The study was carried out in the period from April to the end of May 2018 two trips per week. To achieve the study, two methods were used Quadrat Method and Lines-transect Method. 19 lines-transect were randomly distributed with a length of 50 meters in the study area. A total of 92 quadrats 4 m2 selected for perennial plants and 60 quadrats 1 m2 for annual plants (grasses) were distributed to the Line-transect; all plant species and their numbers that appeared in the quadrat were recorded. Vegetation characteristics (density, frequency, and abundance) and their relative values of each plant species were calculated from quadrat, whereas cover and the relative cover was calculated from Line-transect. The results showed that the highest density in annual plants was 32.1 plant / m2 for Stipacapensis followed by Scabiosaarenaria with 15.6 plants /m2, while in perennial plants was found (14.7 plant / m2) for Plantagoalbicans followed by Helianthemumlippii density with (3.26 plant / m2). The obtained results also showed that S.Arenaria has the highest frequency 80%, then S. capensis with 78.30% in annual plants, in perennial plantsP. albicans has the highest frequency (97.8%) followed by H. lippii with (70.6%). It appears from results obtained that the highest cover recorded was (15.8%) for S. capensis followed by P. albicans (12.4%). From the results, the annual plants have the highest value were 187.92 for plant species S. capensis followed by S. arenaria with 148.8. Through the results obtained, the plantcommunity of the study area is Stipa capensis - Scabiosa arenaria Community.

Variations in the coverage of biological soil crusts along a gradient of aridity in the center-west of argentina

The biological soil crusts (biocrust) play a fundamental role in the arid and semiarid areas of South America. However, little attention has been paid to the distribution and coverage of them. In Argentina, studies about biocrust are still scarce. The goal of this contribution is to analyze the coverage of the biocrust and each of the functional component along a gradient of aridity in the center-west of Argentina. The gradient included three differentiated sites: semiarid, arid, and hyperarid sites. The coverage was recorded using the Point-quadrat method on 30 transects through a gradient consisting of three sites: semiarid, arid, and hyper-arid sites. The arid site was the system with the highest coverage of biocrust followed by the hyper-arid site. The semiarid site had the lowest values of coverage and showed significant differences among the three systems were found. Cyanobacteria’s dominate in the hyper-arid site. On the other hand, cyanobacteria and lichens were dominant in the arid site. The coverage of studied organisms showed variations in the semiarid site. These results support the idea that the coverage has a strong relationship with the features of the studied ecosystem and the environmental factors both at a mesoscale and a microscale in a determined community.

DIVERSITAS FLORISTIK DAN STRUKTUR VEGETASI DI HUTAN GUNUNG PAYUNG, TAMAN NASIONAL UJUNG KULON

A floristic diversity and vegetation forest structure was carried out on the Mount Payung, Ujung Kulon National Park. The objective was to floristic composition and structure of the forest located at the peninsula of Ujung Kulon, Banten. The study was conducted using the quadrat method by establishing plots of 5000 m2 each at two locations Pasir Ipis and Gunung Keneng, thus the total area sampled was 1 ha. They were Plot Pasir Ipis and Plot Gunung Keneng. A total of 1898 trees comprising 105 species of 74 genera and 43 families were recorded. The number of species at Pasir Ipis higher (90 species) than plot Gn Keneng (61 species). Based on calculation the important value indexes (IVI), there were some dominan species with IVI >10 at Pasir Ipis Neesia altissima (IV=21,55), Barringtonia racemosa (17,89), Payena acuminata (13,35) and Neonauclea lanceolata (12,37). The dominated species at Plot Gn Kendeng were Pseuduvaria reticulata (IV= 34,30), Dillenia excelsa (27,62), Lagerstroemia speciosa (20,89), Popowia pisocarpa (17,57). The structure of forest could be inferred from the diameter and height of trees. The diameter measurements showed that 75,57 % of trees in plot Pasir Ipis and 80,51 % in plot Gunung Kendeng consist of small individuals with diameters between 10-20 cm. Trees with large diameters of >100 cm occurred in two plots among them Barringtonia racemosa, Polyalthia lateriflora, Popowia pisocarpa, Artocarpus elasticus. The presence of large numbers of small trees and lesser numbers of trees with large diameters in a forest stand indicated that the stand was regenerating after heavy disturbance. The presence of the majority of trees with height of < 20 m (99 %) further confirmed the forest’s dynamic status.

STUDI KOMUNITAS GULMA DI AREAL PERTANAMAN CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum L.) TANAMAN MENGHASILKAN PADA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT YANG BERBEDA DI NEGERI HATU KECAMATAN LEIHITU BARAT KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) is a spice to be cultivated in Mollucas, Recently the population of colve plant has be decressed as a result of weeds that impended the growth of clove, especially in the nursery phases. The identification of weeds is the first step in controlling weeds, however until now there has been no research on the influence of weed communities in important as the base of an accurate weed control. This research on weed composition in clove planting area is important as the base of an accurate is based on summed Dominance Ratio (SDR), the point was obtained from 100 m dpl, 200 m dpl and 300 m dpl at the productive plant in Hatu Vilagge, Village Central Mollucas District). This research using weed survey method type quadrat method with sample plot size 1 m × 1 m. The result show that 35 species of weed, 19 family, with details of weeds 23 broad leaves, 6 grasses, and 4 cyperaceae in the clove areal planting in Hatu village. Keywords: weed vegetation analiysis, clove plant, different altitude ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengenal jenis-jenis gulma dominan di areal pertanaman cengkeh Tanaman Menghasilkan (TM) pada ketinggian 100 m dpl, 200 m dpl, 300 m dpl dan untuk mengenal perbedaan antara komunitas gulma di areal pertanaman cengkeh Tanaman Menghasilkan (TM) dengan ketinggian 100 m dpl, 200 m dpl, dan 300 m dpl. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di Negeri Hatu Kecamatan Leihitu Barat Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Metode survei gulma digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dengan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Dengan melakukan analisis vegetasi digukan metode kuadrat dengan petak sampel berukuran 1 m × 1 m penelitian ini di peroleh terdapat 33 jenis gulma 19 famili, dengan rincian gulma daun lebar 23 jenis rerumputan 6 jenis 4 jenis tekian pada habitat pertanaman cengkeh di Negeri Hatu Kecamatan Leihitu Barat Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Kata kunci: gulma, tanaman cengkeh, ketinggian yang berbeda

Effects of Piliostigma reticulatum on the Vegetation Dynamic in Sudanian Zone of Burkina Faso

This study aims at identifying the effect of P. reticulatum on the vegetation regeneration dynamic in Sudanian fallows of Burkina Faso. Two fallows of about twenty years old have been considered. The point quadrat method was used for herbaceous inventory. Aboveground biomass has been estimated. Moreover, effect of P. reticulatum on the regeneration of others woody species has been studied under, at the limit and out of the shrub canopy. In north Sudanian zone, inventory recorded 39 herbaceous species of which 23 species under the canopy and 16 in open grassland, distributed in 12 families and 22 genera. In south Sudanian zone, species diversity is 41 species from which 23 under the canopy and 18 out of, spread in 16 families and 26 genera. Species higher than 80 cm have been observed only under P. reticulatum canopy in south and north Sudanian zone. In addition, no species of striga met in open sunlight has been observed under the shrub canopy. East and West directions recorded the important proportions of species with individuals belonging to the stratum superior to 100 cm (3.13 and 4.81 % in north direction, 1.47 and 1.73% in south directions).