Influence of hydraulic conductance of xylem on water status in cuttings

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takefumi Ikeda ◽  
Tamio Suzaki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Total Resistance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Scanning Electron

The reduction in water potential of cuttings after planting in water closely was related to an increase in resistance to water flow in the xylem. From observations of water-conducting tissues using a scanning electron microscope, the increase in resistance to water flow of cuttings was caused by blockage of vessel lumens with tyloses for Populuscarolinensis and aspiration of bordered pits for Cryptomeriajaponica. Water status of cuttings decreased with time after planting and was maintained at a low level by water absorption through bark. After rooting, the total resistance to water flow decreased and the water status of cuttings increased.

Effect of Alternative Materials Added to the Plaster Composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Nurcan Seyhan ◽  
Aslı Tayçu ◽  
Mehmet Gula ◽  
Arzu Eker ◽  
Kagan Kayaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the effect of alternative additives on the properties spred diameter, setting time, bending strength and water absorption of sanitaryware plaster moulds was investigated. The plaster was partially replaced by the alternative additives such as perlite, diatomite and glass beads. Microstructural features of the resultant compositions were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, represantative moulds were produced and their performance was investigated under industrial conditions. It was observed that perlite and diatomite addition deteriorated the strength of plaster moulds and there was no noticeable effect of these additives on casting performance of the plaster moulds. Morever, the presence of glass beads in plaster decreased weight of the moulds without deterioration of moulds service life.

The Effects of Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratios on the Volumetric Properties of Fly Ash Geopolymer Artificial Aggregates

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
I Dewa Made Alit Karyawan ◽  
Januarti Jaya Ekaputri ◽  
Iswandaru Widyatmoko ◽  
Ervina Ariatedja
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Interfacial Transition Zone ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study was conducted as a part of a research to assess the influence of the volumetric properties of geopolymer artificial aggregates made of fly ash to the performance of asphalt mixture to be used in pavement layers. This paper presents the parameters adopted during the production of geopolymer artificial aggregates which may affect the volumetric properties and the structure of the aggregates. The investigated volumetric properties included specific gravity and water absorption. In the experiment laboratory, two variables were utilized for producing the artificial aggregates, which might affect the considered volumetric properties. Those variables are pan-granulator slopes and alkaline ratios (the ratios of Sodium Silicate to Sodium Hydroxide). The pan-granulator slopes were set at 3 different angles, i.e. 45o, 50o, and 55o. The selected alkaline ratios were 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0. The test results indicated that the best volumetric properties were obtained at a slope of 50o and alkaline ratio of 2.5. The bulk specific gravity values at the best volumetric properties were found to be: 1) oven dry at 1.9 grams/cm3; 2) saturated surface dry (SSD) at 2.0 grams/cm3, and 3) apparent at 2.1 grams/cm3 with 6% water absorption. In addition, the interfacial transition zone and microstructure aggregates were examined by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In this study, it was found that there were effects of Na2SiO3/ NaOH ratios and the granulation method on the volumetric properties.

Preparation and Characterization on PU/CS Nanofiber Membrane

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Long Jiao ◽  
Wei Min Kang ◽  
Bo Wen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Nanofiber Membrane ◽  
Electrostatic Spinning ◽  
Moisture Permeability ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Scanning Electron

PU/CS nanofiber membrane was prepared by means of electrostatic spinning. The morphology of nanofiber membrane was examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the mechanical property, water absorption, moisture permeability and antibacterial performance were also investigated. The results show that the diameter and mechanical property of PU/CS nanofiber decreased with the increase of the content of CS. However, the water absorption, moisture permeability and antibacterial performance were improved significantly with the addition of CS.

The Effect of Normal Pressure Air Plasma Treatment on the Hydrophilicity of PPS Fiber

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 820-823
Author(s):  
Xue Ping Guo ◽  
Rui Ping Zhang ◽  
Peng Wei Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Air Plasma ◽  
Air Plasma Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron

Because of the hydrophobicity of PPS fiber,we used normal pressure air plasma treatment on PPS fiber with the rusult that the PPS fiber was modied and its hydrophilicity was improved effectively.The surface of PPS fiber was etched under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), observation. With the power and the time increasing, the water absorption of PPS fiber increased first and then decreased. However, to the breaking strength of PPS fiber, it was declined basically with the power increasing. Also, it had no great influence for the lasting of time.

The Preparation of Red Mud Lightweight Ceramsite

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Ma ◽  
Guo Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Roasting Process ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

The red mud lightweight ceramsite was made by using red mud, fly ash and bentonite, mixed with a certain amount of pore-forming agent and foam stabilizer, through the roasting process. Influence of pore-forming agent on red mud ceramsite was studied. The microscopic morphology of red mud lightweight ceramsite damage fracture was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope. The results show that with 6% pore-forming agent, the apparent density is 731kg/m3, the bulk density is 547kg/m3; the cylinder compressive strength is 3.3Mpa, the water absorption is 9.7%.

scholarly journals Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Plastik Biodegradable dari Umbi Talas (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) dengan Penambahan Filler Kitosan dan Kalsium Silikat

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
S. Sigit Udjiana ◽  
Sigit Hadiantoro ◽  
Muchammad Syarwani ◽  
Profiyanti Hermien Suharti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Scanning Electron

Permasalahan tentang sampah plastik di Indonesia berdampak pada ketidakstabilan ekosistem lingkungan dan peningkatan pencemaran lingkungan. Hal ini dikarenakan sampah plastik tidak dapat terurai oleh mikroorganisme di dalam tanah. Inovasi untuk mengatasi masalah ini terus dilakukan, salah satunya adalah pengembangan plastik biodegradable. Plastik biodegradable dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan pati umbi talas sebagai bahan utama, sorbitol sebagai plasticizer serta kitosan dan kalsium silikat sebagai filler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan filler kitosan dan kalsium silikat terhadap sifat mekanik, kemampuan biodegradasi, maupun water absorption. Selain itu, juga dilakukan analisa Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk mengetahui morfologi dari plastik biodegradable. Variabel berubah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 2%,4%,6% dan 8% dari berat pati yang digunakan. Plastik biodegradable dibuat menggunakan metode casting, di mana pati didispersikan ke dalam campuran air dan plasticizer. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan degradasi paling tinggi sebesar 42,86% untuk plastik biodegradable dengan filler kalsium silikat 6%. Sedang hasil uji water absorption menunjukkan nilai terendah 11,76% dengan filler kitosan 8%. Uji kuat tarik diperoleh nilai paling besar 9,56 MPa pada filler kalsium silikat 6%.Plastic waste in Indonesia became a national problematic that has an impact on the instability of environmental ecosystems and increased environmental pollution. This happens because plastic waste cannot be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. Innovation has been carried out continuously to overcome this problem. the development of biodegradable plastic became one solution to this problem. Biodegradable plastic in this study was developed with taro tuber starch as the main ingredient, sorbitol as plasticizer and chitosan and calcium silicate as filler. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of chitosan and calcium acetate as fillers on mechanical properties, biodegradability, and water absorption. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was also analyzed in this study to determine the morphology of biodegradable plastic. The variables used in this study were the amount of fillers as much as 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of the weight of the starch used. Biodegradable plastic has been made using the casting method, in which starch is dispersed into a mixture of water and plasticizer. The results showed that the highest biodegradation ability was 42.86% for biodegradable plastic with 6% calcium silicate filler. While the water absorption results showed the lowest value of 11.76% for biodegradable plastic with 8% chitosan filler. Tensile strength test obtained the highest value of 9.56 MPa for biodegradable plastic with 6% calcium silicate filler.

Influence of Sintering Temperature on Performance of Red Mud Lightweight Ceramsite

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Ma ◽  
Guo Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Roasting Process ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

The red mud lightweight ceramsite was made by using red mud, fly ash and bentonite, mixed with a certain amount of pore-forming agent and cosolvent, through the roasting process. Influence of sintering temperature to red mud ceramsite was studied. The microscopic morphology of red mud lightweight ceramsite damage fracture was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope and the roasting mechanism was investigated preliminarily. The results show that for the best sample, its apparent density is 724kg/m3, its bulk density is 574kg/m3; its cylinder compressive strength is 5.5Mpa, the water absorption is 8.6%.

The Alteration of the Pore Spaces in Sandstones

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Depositional Fabric ◽  
Soluble Components ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

The pore spaces in sandstones are the result of the original depositional fabric and the degree of post-depositional alteration that the rock has experienced. The largest pore volumes are present in coarse-grained, well-sorted materials with high sphericity. The chief mechanisms which alter the shape and size of the pores are precipitation of cementing agents and the dissolution of soluble components. Each process may operate alone or in combination with the other, or there may be several generations of cementation and solution.The scanning electron microscope has ‘been used in this study to reveal the morphology of the pore spaces in a variety of moderate porosity, orthoquartzites.

The Broad Applications of the Scanning Electron Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
C. T. Nightingale ◽  
S. E. Summers ◽  
T. P. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Pictorial Representations ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ease of operation of the scanning electron microscope has insured its wide application in medicine and industry. The micrographs are pictorial representations of surface topography obtained directly from the specimen. The need to replicate is eliminated. The great depth of field and the high resolving power provide far more information than light microscopy.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

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