Wood density of natural white spruce populations in Quebec

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Corriveau ◽  
J. Beaulieu ◽  
F. Mothe
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
The Individual

During genetic sampling of white spruce in 1984, increment cores were taken from 80 populations in order to study wood density variation within species in natural Quebec forests. Results show that wood density differences exist between populations and that wood density is negatively correlated with the width of the growth rings; however, some trees and some populations exhibit both high wood density and rapid growth. A moderate positive link was found between juvenile and mature wood densities at both the individual and population levels. Therefore, breeding programs for the improvement of wood density could be based on selections made on juvenile wood.

scholarly journals Effects of live crown on vertical patterns of wood density and growth in Douglas-fir

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
Eric M North ◽  
G R Johnson ◽  
Ryan Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Wide Range

It would be valuable economically to know what are the biological triggers for formation of mature wood (currently of high value) and (or) what maintains production of juvenile wood (currently of low value), to develop silvicultural regimes that control the relative production of the two types of wood. Foresters commonly assume the bole of softwoods produces juvenile wood within the crown and mature wood below. We tested that assumption by comparing growth ring areas and widths and wood density components of the outer three growth rings in disks sampled from different vertical positions of 34-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. The 18 trees were sampled from one site and had a wide range of heights to live crown. Most of the variance (63–93%) in wood characteristics (growth ring area: total, earlywood, latewood; growth ring width: total, earlywood, latewood; latewood proportion: by area, width; and ring density: total, earlywood, latewood) was due to within-tree differences (related to age of the disk). Stepwise regression analysis gave us equations to estimate wood characteristics, after which we analyzed the residuals with a linear model that included whether a disk was within or below the crown (defined as the lowest node on the stem with less than three live branches). After adjusting for tree and disk position, only 2–10% of the residual variation was associated with whether the disk was in or out of the live crown. There were no statistically significant differences at p = 0.05 between a given disk (by node number) in versus out of the crown for any of the factors studied. Moreover, the wood density characteristics were not statistically significant at p = 0.30. This research suggests that there was no effect of the crown position on the transition from juvenile to mature wood as judged by wood density. Therefore, we found no evidence to support the concept that tree spacing and live-branch pruning have a significant effect on the cambial age of transition from juvenile to mature wood in Douglas-fir trees of this age.

Densité et largeur des cernes des populations d'Épinettes blanches de la région forestière des Grands Lacs et du Saint-Laurent

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Corriveau ◽  
J. Beaulieu ◽  
F. Mothe ◽  
J. Poliquin ◽  
J. Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Population Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
The Individual

Twenty years after planting, X-ray densitometry and immersion were used to determine the relative density of wood from 28 white spruce populations of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region. The results showed the same pattern of radial variation in all populations. Wood density decreases for the first few years of growth, then stabilizes for a time, then increases slowly, but steadily. The relative density of wood from white spruce has a slight, negative correlation with the width of the annual growth rings, at either the individual or the population level. However, some populations and individuals do deviate from this trend. Though the populations showed some statistically significant differences in relative density, analysis of variance showed that 85 to 90% was attributable to differences among trees within the same population. This study confirmed the desirability of using relative density as the basis for making mass selections within fast-growing white spruce populations to genetically improve the genetic quality of wood.

Juvenile–mature relationships for wood density in Pinustaeda

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire G. Williams ◽  
Robert A. Megraw
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Type I ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Short Term Test

Open-pollinated seeds were collected from loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) selections made in natural stands in eastern North Carolina, then planted in a short-term, closely spaced test and in a conventional genetic test. Wood density measurements from seedlings, from older trees, and from parents aged 40–75 years old were used to estimate the genetic covariance structure between juvenile and mature wood. These data were also used to determine if the genetic relationship between juvenile and mature wood varied with the estimation method used or with the fertilizer and irrigation treatments in the short-term test. Age–age relationships were moderately to highly positive and these results were corroborative using several methods: parent–offspring regression and coefficient of genetic prediction, half-sib analyses, and graphical use of type I selection mistakes. Strong age–age relationships (rg = 0.76 to 0.90) were expressed between juvenile wood in the short-term test and older-tree wood density in the genetic test. Moderate to high heritabilities (h2 = 0.55–0.76) were estimated for juvenile wood in short-term tests. The latter estimates tended to be higher than heritability estimates based on parent–offspring regression (h2 = 0.23–0.25). There was negligible family × treatment interaction due to rank change between short-term testing treatments. Height and specific gravity expressed a slight positive correlation at all ages.

Specific gravity and tracheid length variation of white spruce in Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Taylor ◽  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Alvin Yanchuk ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation ◽  
Unusual Finding

Specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured for increment cores from 10 trees in each of four selected white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands in Alberta. The data show large specific gravity differences among sample stands and from tree to tree within stands. Longer tracheids were found in mature wood of trees grown in the more northern stands sampled. A few trees were intensively examined to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith to bark and stump to crown are reported with comments on the importance of these variation patterns to breeding programs for the improvement of the wood properties. A somewhat unusual finding was that white spruce produces wood in top logs that is of equal or greater specific gravity and tracheid length than wood produced in butt logs.

scholarly journals Density of juvenile and mature wood of selected coniferous species

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
K. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
European Larch ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The objective of research was to determine the density of juvenile (JW) and mature wood (MW) of selected coniferous species growing in the Czech Republic. The research included the wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). The juvenile wood density close to the pith was 410 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for spruce, 391 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for pine and 573 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for larch with 12% water content. Mature wood in the peripheral parts had the higher density in all species &ndash; spruce 516 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>, pine 552 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> and larch 652 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>. The highest difference, the difference of 161 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>, between juvenile and mature wood was found out in Scots pine. The large difference in the wood density of pine is caused by a considerable difference in the mean ring width of its juvenile and mature wood. Further, it was proved that wood density decreases with the increasing ring width while wood density increases with the increasing proportion of latewood.

Climate, location, and growth relationships with wood stiffness at the site, tree, and ring levels in white spruce (Picea glauca) in the Boreal Plains ecozone

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek F. Sattler ◽  
James D. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Radial Profile ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Boreal Plains

We examined modulus of elasticity (MoE) derived from SilviScan in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) at the site, tree, and ring levels across the Boreal Plains ecozone in Canada. Area-weighted averages of MoE were calculated for juvenile and mature wood and were examined in relation to radial growth, climate, and location. Correlations indicated that there was a negative relationship between radial growth and MoE in the juvenile wood that was detectable at the site and tree levels; however, the relationship weakened in the mature wood, particularly at the site level. Few climate variables were correlated with MoE in juvenile wood, whereas multiple summer and fall climate variables showed a significant correlation with MOE in mature wood. A model describing the radial profile of MoE explained 58% of the variability in MoE, with 10% of the random variability attributed to between-tree differences. Elevation and summer water balance accounted for nearly all of the between-site variability. A decrease in MoE with increasing elevation was noted and has been previously linked to a decrease in cell wall thickness due to a shorter growing season at higher elevations. Integration of the MoE profile model into an individual-tree growth and yield simulator is the next logical step.

Offspring–parent correlations for wood density of Pinustecunumanii between native and exotic environments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1593-1596
Author(s):  
W.S. Dvorak ◽  
J.A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Mother Tree ◽  
Progeny Tests

Seedlings from 83 mother trees of Pinustecunumanii (Schw.) Eguiluz & Perry, originating in a natural population in Belize, were established in two adjoining progeny tests at La Arcadia, Colombia. One 12-mm wood core was removed from each mother tree in Belize at seed collection, age 25–30 years, and 8-mm wood cores were taken from an average of nine trees per family in 8-year-old progeny trials in Colombia. Unextracted gravimetric wood density was obtained for juvenile wood (rings 1 to 10) and mature wood core segments (rings 11 to ≈25) for each parent tree as well as (juvenile wood) cores from the progeny. The wood density of progeny in Colombia averaged 377 kg/m3 versus 502 kg/m3 and 601 kg/m3 for the juvenile and mature wood of the parents, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) for wood density between the mature wood of the parent trees and the juvenile wood of the progeny was 0.29 (significant at the p < 0.01 level). The estimated genetic gain in wood density as a result of selecting 1 in 20 trees in a progeny trial in Colombia was 8% when the estimated heritability (0.48) from sibling data was used, versus 5% when applying the offspring-parent estimate of heritability (0.27) from the correlation method.

scholarly journals The relation between the microscopic structure and the wood density of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
M. Rybníček ◽  
E. Přemyslovská
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to compare the structure of beech juvenile and mature wood in relation to wood density. The comparative analysis between juvenile and mature wood examined the diameter of vessels, the width and height of pith rays, and the number of vessels and pith rays per 1 mm<sup>2</sup>. The results show that the average vessel diameter as well as the width and height of pith rays reach statistically lower values in juvenile wood than in mature wood. On the other hand, no significant difference between the two types of wood has been found in terms of the frequency of vessels per 1 mm<sup>2</sup>. Having said that, the difference in the frequency of rays per 1 mm<sup>2</sup> between juvenile and mature wood is far from being negligible; juvenile wood has three times as many pith rays as mature wood. The density of juvenile wood is higher (&rho;<sub>12</sub> = 726.07 kg/m<sup>3)</sup> than the density of mature wood ((&rho;<sub>12</sub> = 701.50 kg/m<sup>3</sup>).

Genetic parameter estimates for wood density, transition age, and radial growth in slash pine

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1881-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Hodge ◽  
R.C. Purnell
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Transition Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic parameters for wood density and wood density components of slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.) were estimated using measurements on 56 open-pollinated families. Increment cores were taken at breast height from six trees per family on each of two sites and density profiles generated using X-ray densitometry. There was no practical genetic variance for earlywood density; however, ring density, latewood density, latewood percentage, and transition ages for those traits were all heritable. Moderate selection pressure (selection of top 25%) on transition age would be expected to decrease transition age by approximately 1 year, but this would likely cause a correlated increase in the density of juvenile wood, and decrease in the density of mature wood. Selection for increased mature wood density and juvenile wood density will likely increase whole tree density by 0.02 g/cm3.

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