scholarly journals Density of juvenile and mature wood of selected coniferous species

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
K. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
European Larch ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The objective of research was to determine the density of juvenile (JW) and mature wood (MW) of selected coniferous species growing in the Czech Republic. The research included the wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). The juvenile wood density close to the pith was 410 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for spruce, 391 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for pine and 573 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for larch with 12% water content. Mature wood in the peripheral parts had the higher density in all species &ndash; spruce 516 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>, pine 552 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> and larch 652 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>. The highest difference, the difference of 161 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>, between juvenile and mature wood was found out in Scots pine. The large difference in the wood density of pine is caused by a considerable difference in the mean ring width of its juvenile and mature wood. Further, it was proved that wood density decreases with the increasing ring width while wood density increases with the increasing proportion of latewood.

scholarly journals Effects of live crown on vertical patterns of wood density and growth in Douglas-fir

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
Eric M North ◽  
G R Johnson ◽  
Ryan Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Wide Range

It would be valuable economically to know what are the biological triggers for formation of mature wood (currently of high value) and (or) what maintains production of juvenile wood (currently of low value), to develop silvicultural regimes that control the relative production of the two types of wood. Foresters commonly assume the bole of softwoods produces juvenile wood within the crown and mature wood below. We tested that assumption by comparing growth ring areas and widths and wood density components of the outer three growth rings in disks sampled from different vertical positions of 34-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. The 18 trees were sampled from one site and had a wide range of heights to live crown. Most of the variance (63–93%) in wood characteristics (growth ring area: total, earlywood, latewood; growth ring width: total, earlywood, latewood; latewood proportion: by area, width; and ring density: total, earlywood, latewood) was due to within-tree differences (related to age of the disk). Stepwise regression analysis gave us equations to estimate wood characteristics, after which we analyzed the residuals with a linear model that included whether a disk was within or below the crown (defined as the lowest node on the stem with less than three live branches). After adjusting for tree and disk position, only 2–10% of the residual variation was associated with whether the disk was in or out of the live crown. There were no statistically significant differences at p = 0.05 between a given disk (by node number) in versus out of the crown for any of the factors studied. Moreover, the wood density characteristics were not statistically significant at p = 0.30. This research suggests that there was no effect of the crown position on the transition from juvenile to mature wood as judged by wood density. Therefore, we found no evidence to support the concept that tree spacing and live-branch pruning have a significant effect on the cambial age of transition from juvenile to mature wood in Douglas-fir trees of this age.

scholarly journals Radial variation in tracheid lengths in dominant trees of selected coniferous species

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7330-7341
Author(s):  
Ewa Fabisiak ◽  
Beata Fabisiak ◽  
Andrzej Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radial Variation ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Coniferous Species

The radial variation was examined for tracheid lengths of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood from dominant trees coming from an even-aged stand, and growing under identical forest site and climatic conditions. The measurements were completed on macerated material. The variation of tracheid lengths in annual rings from the core to the bark was used for determination of the border between the juvenile and mature wood in the trunk cross-section. The boundary age between the juvenile and mature wood zones established for the examined species was comparable, as it was 25 annual rings for Scots pine and 29 for European larch and for Norway spruce. In the juvenile zone, the tracheid lengths increased 2.2-fold in Norway spruce wood, while in Scots pine and European larch wood it was approximately 1.7-fold. By contrast, in the mature wood zone the tracheid lengths was stabilized at a certain level, showing slight fluctuations. The differences in the tracheids length of early and late wood in the examined annual rings were also determined, and it was established that for the majority of annual rings they are statistically significant (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Estimating Genetic Parameters for Wood Density of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Tore Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Annual Rings

Abstract Wood density was analysed and annual ring width was measured on increment cores from 1400 trees in a 30-year-old full-sib progeny test of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in north Sweden. Genetic parameters for wood density were analysed separately for ten outer annual rings, and for simple averages of the five most recent years. The evaluation included genetic correlations with height and stem diameter. Heritabilities of density estimated separately for each annual ring was 0.14-0.26 without any age trend, and jointly for the ten or five latest rings 0.30-0.33; for height growth it was 0.30-0.42 and for stem diameter 0.11-0.13. Additive genetic correlations with height and stem diameter were negative with the simplest statistical model (ȓA = -0.425 and 0.511, respectively) but vanished or diminished when ring width was added as covariate. Density breeding values calculated for the parent trees for each of ten annual rings separately varied considerably between parent trees and between years, tending to increase with increasing age, with a substantial increase between the ages 14 to 16 years from the pith. This age fits well with literature data on the change from juvenile to mature wood. The genetic correlation for wood density between rings from different years was high: ȓA = 0.8 ten years apart, increasing to 1.0 for neighbouring rings. The high genetic correlations for wood density between the innermost and outermost annual rings indicate possible strong covariation between juvenile and/or transition wood and mature wood. The annual variation in wood density in relation to genetic regulation, phenology, environmental conditions, and development from juvenile to mature age is discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of coniferous species to identify and distinguish juvenile and mature wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nawrot ◽  
W. Pazdrowski ◽  
R. Walkowiak ◽  
M. Szymański ◽  
K. Kaźmierczak
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Good Identification

We conducted to describe methods used to differentiate the zones of juvenile and mature wood in stems of coniferous species and to present the importance of good identification of the shares of both types of wood to ensure a rational use of the raw material and final quality of wood products. This study describes in more detail a novel method to separate the juvenile and mature wood tissue in stems of European larch using cluster analysis in the form of the k-means algorithm. Moreover, guidelines were also shortly described for forest management which could result in a reduction of the share of juvenile wood in stems of forest trees. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The relation between the microscopic structure and the wood density of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
M. Rybníček ◽  
E. Přemyslovská
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to compare the structure of beech juvenile and mature wood in relation to wood density. The comparative analysis between juvenile and mature wood examined the diameter of vessels, the width and height of pith rays, and the number of vessels and pith rays per 1 mm<sup>2</sup>. The results show that the average vessel diameter as well as the width and height of pith rays reach statistically lower values in juvenile wood than in mature wood. On the other hand, no significant difference between the two types of wood has been found in terms of the frequency of vessels per 1 mm<sup>2</sup>. Having said that, the difference in the frequency of rays per 1 mm<sup>2</sup> between juvenile and mature wood is far from being negligible; juvenile wood has three times as many pith rays as mature wood. The density of juvenile wood is higher (&rho;<sub>12</sub> = 726.07 kg/m<sup>3)</sup> than the density of mature wood ((&rho;<sub>12</sub> = 701.50 kg/m<sup>3</sup>).

scholarly journals The 443-Year Tree-Ring Chronology for the Scots Pine from Upper Silesia (Poland) as A Dating Tool and Climate Proxy

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Opała
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Series Length ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
The Mean

Abstract An annually resolved and absolutely dated ring-width chronology spanning 443 years has been constructed using the historical and living-tree Scots pine samples from the Upper Silesia, south of Poland. The constructed regional chronology, based on six object chronologies, covers the period of 1568-2010. It is composed of 178 wood samples with the mean correlation of 0.51, mean series length of 104 years and mean EPS of 0.85. In total, 65 extreme years were distinguished. Their inde-pendent verification, based on the historical and meteorological data, showed significant correlation with the exceptionally cold/mild winters as well as severe droughts. The comparison of the extreme years with the other Polish pine chronologies showed similarities in the years with the anomalous winter conditions. Some extreme years can be associated with the exceptional pluvial conditions; these years are common in the Central European hydroclimatic tree-ring records. The construction of this regional pine chronology enables for the absolute dating of many architectural monuments from investigated region. The application of the new chronology for the dating of local wood can support interpretations of changes in the environment of the Upper Silesian region. In the future it can also be used as the basis for climate reconstruction.

Wood density of natural white spruce populations in Quebec

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Corriveau ◽  
J. Beaulieu ◽  
F. Mothe
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
The Individual

During genetic sampling of white spruce in 1984, increment cores were taken from 80 populations in order to study wood density variation within species in natural Quebec forests. Results show that wood density differences exist between populations and that wood density is negatively correlated with the width of the growth rings; however, some trees and some populations exhibit both high wood density and rapid growth. A moderate positive link was found between juvenile and mature wood densities at both the individual and population levels. Therefore, breeding programs for the improvement of wood density could be based on selections made on juvenile wood.

scholarly journals Variation of wood density in Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) grown in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zeidler
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Density Values

The aim of this study was to investigate the wood density of Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.), an introduced species in the Czech Republic. Sample trees coming from a Czech site were tested for basic wood density and oven-dry density according to Czech national standards. Four sections were taken from each tree to evaluate the variability of wood density along the stem height and along the stem radius. The mean values for the basic density and the oven-dry density were 544 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3 </sup>and 627 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup>, respectively. The results show that the highest density can be found in the bottom part of the tree, followed by a decline with the increasing height of the stem. For the radial direction from the pith to the bark, the pattern of density variability was more complex, reaching its highest value close to the cambium. Practically no correlation between annual ring width and density values was found out. &nbsp;

Effect of growth rate on specific gravity of East-Liaoning oak (Quercusliaotungensis) wood

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yin Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Effect Of Age

The effect of growth rate on the specific gravity of East-Liaoning oak (Quercusliaotungensis Koidz.) wood was studied and statistically compared with the effect of age (ring number from the pith). Results revealed that age is a decisive factor in controlling the specific gravity of wood, while effect of growth rate on specific gravity is statistically less important. Furthermore, the effect of growth rate varies with ring width range, age, and position within one growth ring (earlywood, latewood, or the whole ring). Within narrower ring widths, specific gravity increases rapidly with increasing growth rate, then more slowly as ring width increases, and when ring width is beyond a specific range, specific gravity remains more or less constant. Growth rate shows little effect on specific gravity of juvenile wood, but with increasing age, the effect increases gradually to reach a significant level in mature wood. Growth rate does not affect specific gravity of latewood significantly, but it shows a greater effect on specific gravity of the whole ring.

Age trend of heritability, genetic correlation, and efficiency of early selection for wood quality traits in Scots pine

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Hong ◽  
Anders Fries ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Selection For

To examine the efficiency of early selection for wood quality traits in the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) breeding program in Sweden, a total of 778 wood increment cores were sampled from 179 full-sib families in a single progeny trial at 40 years of age. Age trend of inheritance, age–age genetic correlation, and early selection efficiency for eight wood traits including annual ring width, wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), modulus of elasticity (i.e., wood stiffness; MOE), and fibre dimensions were studied. Heritabilities for the eight wood traits reached a plateau between age 5 years and age 15 years, with the highest heritability for radial fibre width and fibre coarseness (∼0.6) and the lowest heritability for ring width (∼0.2). Heritability reached about 0.4 for both wood density and MFA but only reached about 0.3 for MOE. Genetic correlation from early to reference age 30 years reached a very high level (>0.8) for all eight wood traits at age 5 years. Early selection was effective for wood quality traits in Scots pine, and selection at age 8 years is recommended for MOE in Scots pine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document