Two new height models for volume estimation of lodgepole pine stands

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Zakrzewski ◽  
I. E. Bella
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Volume Estimates

To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of obtaining individual tree height information required for sample plot volume estimation, two general height–diameter (H/D) regression models were developed using two-stage regression analysis and data from 96 lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) sample plots. The derived models were examined using an independent data set of 28 plots. In addition to diameter at breast height (D), these models also included two easily measurable stand parameters as independent variables: quadratic mean diameter (Dq) and the height of a tree with diameter Dq (Hq). With a practical method to estimate Hq (from up to three heights measured) and using these two new H/D models in conjunction with available regional standard volume equations (V = f (D,H)), the stand volume estimates, on the average, were 0.003% higher (SD 4.1%) for the first model and 1.081% lower (SD 4.6%) for the second model than those obtained using traditional H/D curves for each plot based on 30 or more height measurements. The new models are therefore recommended for use in height estimation of lodgepole pine trees within the range of conditions of the data. This approach may be applied to other species and regions.

WEIGHT AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SLASH OF WHITE SPRUCE AND LODGEPOLE PINE

1965 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-437
Author(s):  
A. D. Kiil
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
West Central ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Fine Fuels ◽  
Stand Conditions

A simple and practical method is described for predicting slash weight and proportion of fine fuels. Sixty white spruce and 101 lodgepole pine trees in west central Alberta differing in site and stand conditions were felled, measured and the unmerchantable stem and all branchwood weighed. A graphical analysis showed that the slash weight-merchantable cubic foot ratios for both species varied inversely with tree diameter for the range of diameters sampled. White spruce has a higher slash weight-merchantable cubic foot ratio and a higher proportion of fine fuels than lodgepole pine.

scholarly journals Comparison of Hossfeld's Method and Two Modern Methods for Volume Estimation of Standing Trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Ducey ◽  
Michael S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Volume Estimates

Abstract Two modern methods, centroid sampling and the paracone model, have been shown to be accurate approaches for obtaining the volumes of trees and logs when taper functions are unavailable or local volume estimates are desired. We show that the equation for whole-tree volume using Hossfeld's method, an older method that has all but disappeared from the North American literature, is nearly identical to that for centroid sampling and the paracone model. Hossfeld's method may be slightly simpler to implement in the field, and like the modern methods, it can be used either for whole trees or for unmerchantable tops. In comparison with detailed measurements taken on 186 ponderosa pine trees from the Black Hills of South Dakota, the paracone model was most accurate for whole trees, but Hossfeld's method was slightly more accurate than centroid sampling. Hossfeld's method was substantially more accurate than either modern method for estimating the volume in tops.

scholarly journals Predicting Growing Stock Volume of Eucalyptus Plantations Using 3-D Point Clouds Derived from UAV Imagery and ALS Data

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Cosenza ◽  
Cardil ◽  
Silva ◽  
Botequim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Significant Difference

Estimating forest inventory variables is important in monitoring forest resources and mitigating climate change. In this respect, forest managers require flexible, non-destructive methods for estimating volume and biomass. High-resolution and low-cost remote sensing data are increasingly available to measure three-dimensional (3D) canopy structure and to model forest structural attributes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the individual tree volume estimates derived from high-density point clouds obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) in Eucalyptus spp. plantations. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) techniques were applied for individual tree crown (ITC) delineation. The ITC algorithm applied correctly detected and delineated 199 trees from ALS-derived data, while 192 trees were correctly identified using DAP-based point clouds acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), representing accuracy levels of respectively 62% and 60%. Addressing volume modelling, non-linear regression fit based on individual tree height and individual crown area derived from the ITC provided the following results: Model Efficiency (Mef) = 0.43 and 0.46, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.030 m3 and 0.026 m3, rRMSE = 20.31% and 19.97%, and an approximately unbiased results (0.025 m3 and 0.0004 m3) using DAP and ALS-based estimations, respectively. No significant difference was found between the observed value (field data) and volume estimation from ALS and DAP (p-value from t-test statistic = 0.99 and 0.98, respectively). The proposed approaches could also be used to estimate basal area or biomass stocks in Eucalyptus spp. plantations.

scholarly journals Individual Tree Volume Equations for Red Pine in Michigan

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Red Pine ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract New total, pulpwood, sawtimber, and residual pulpwood cubic foot individual tree volume equations were developed for red pine in Michigan using nonlinear and multiple linear regression. Equations were also developed for Doyle, International 1/4 in., and Scribner bd ft volume, and a procedure for estimating pulpwood and residual pulpwood rough cord volumes from the appropriate cubic foot equations was described. Average ratios of residual pulpwood (i.e., topwood, cubic foot or cords) to mbf were developed for 7.6 and 9.6 in. sawtimber. Data used to develop these equations were collected during May-August 1983-1985 from 3,507 felled and/or standing trees from 27 stands in Michigan. Sixteen and 11 stands were located in the Upper and Lower Peninsulas, respectively. All equations were validated on an independent data set. Rough cord volume estimates based on the new pulpwood equation were compared with contemporary tables for 2 small cruise data sets. The new equations can be used to more accurately estimate total volume and volume per acre when cruising red pine stands. North. J. Appl. For. 14(2):53-58.

scholarly journals Ecoregion-Based Individual Tree Height-Diameter Models for Lodgepole Pine in Alberta

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shongming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
Sum Of Squares ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Richards Function ◽  
Tree Data

Abstract Using the felled tree data, ecoregion-based height-diameter models were developed for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in Alberta. A large number of height-diameter functions were evaluated, and the Chapman-Richards function was found to produce some of the most satisfactory fits. Residual analysis was conducted to identify the error structure of the models. A weighting factor of wi = 1/Di was found appropriate for achieving the equal error variance assumption. Differences of the height-diameter models among different ecoregions were examined and tested using the nonlinear extra sum of squares method. Most height-diameter relationships were found to be different among different ecoregions. Ecoregions of similar height-diameter relationships were combined to provide a composite model to facilitate the practical use of such relationships. West. J. Appl. For. 14(4):186-193.

Effects of adding tree, stand, and site variables to Kozak's variable-exponent taper equation

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles K. Muhairwe ◽  
Valerie M. LeMay ◽  
Antal Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Variable Exponent ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Taper Equation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Tree

Crown class, site class, and breast-height age were incorporated into Kozak's variable-exponent taper equation (A. Kozak. 1988. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1363–1368) for three species: Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn), and aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.). For lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), crown ratio, breast-height age, and quadratic mean diameter were incorporated into Kozak's taper equation. The effects of adding these variables to the exponent part of the taper equation on the prediction abilities of the taper model were assessed for prediction of diameter inside bark along the stem, total tree volume, and tree merchantable height. It was found that apart from the use of crown ratio for lodgepole pine, the additional variables resulted in only marginal improvements to the published version of Kozak's taper function. Therefore, the cost of measuring these additional variables is not justifiable.

The accuracy of estimating individual tree variables with airborne laser scanning in a boreal nature reserve

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1791-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maltamo ◽  
K Mustonen ◽  
J Hyyppä ◽  
J Pitkänen ◽  
X Yu
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Pine Trees

This study examines the ability of high-density laser scanning to produce single-tree estimates in mixed stands of heterogeneous structure. Individual trees were detected from a constructed digital canopy height model by locating local maxima of the height values. The reference material comprised accurately measured field data for 10 mapped sample plots containing Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and different birches. To verify the accuracy of height measurements of single trees in more detail, the height of 29 Scots pine trees and their annual shoots of the last few years was carefully measured with a tacheometer and a glass fibre rod. The considered variables were the proportion of detected trees and tree height. As more than 80% of the dominant trees were detected, the results indicated that laser scanning can accurately describe the trees of the dominant tree layer. Because of the dense understorey tree layer in most of the sample plots, about 40% of all trees were detected. On the plot level, the stand structure affected the accuracy of the results considerably. The scanning-based tree height was most accurate for Norway spruce and least accurate for birches. The height of the separately measured 29 Scots pine trees was obtained with an accuracy of ±50 cm or better.

scholarly journals Predicting wood stiffness of lodgepole pine trees using acoustic tools and green density

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
James D. Stewart ◽  
Ross Koppenaal ◽  
Antoine Lalumière ◽  
Roger J. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Green Density ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Pine Trees

Upstream identification of wood properties using non-destructive testing methods such as acoustic velocity (AV) measurements is important for optimizing allocation of wood to mills or products. We evaluated the effectiveness of field AV measurement tools in predicting lodgepole pine wood stiffness (modulus of elasticity, MOE) as measured by Silviscan on wood samples. AV was measured on trees and logs from six sites in Alberta and British Columbia. We evaluated the effect on MOE estimation of calculating averages of the adjustment factor k and of green density (GD) at different spatial scales from individual tree to population. The effect of using forest inventory variables on MOE prediction were also examined. Prediction of tree-level MOE from tree-level measurements of AV, k and GD resulted in R2 values of 0.59. Using estimates of k and GD averaged at plot, site or population scales significantly diminished the R2 of the MOE predictions at tree level. Predicting MOE at plot or stand level from corresponding averages of AV, k and GD gave R2 values >0.8. Including inventory variables in tree-level MOE predictions increased the R2 to 0.62. AV measurements can give operationally useful estimates of MOE in lodgepole pine trees at the stand level.

scholarly journals Developing and Validating Nonlinear Height–Diameter Models for Major Tree Species of Ontario's Boreal Forests

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Lianjun Zhang ◽  
Jinxun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Nonlinear Growth

Abstract Six commonly used nonlinear growth functions were fitted to individual tree height-diameter data of nine major tree species in Ontario's boreal forests. A total of 22,571 trees was collected from new permanent sample plots across the northeast and northwest of Ontario.The available data for each species were split into two sets: the majority (90%) was used to estimate model parameters, and the remaining data (10%) were reserved to validate the models. The performance of the models was compared and evaluated by model, R2, mean difference, and mean absolute difference. The results showed that these six sigmoidal models were able to capture the height–diameter relationships and fit the data equally well, but produced different asymptote estimates. Sigmoidal models such as Chapman–Richards, Weibull, and Schnute functions provided the most satisfactory height predictions. The effect of model performance on tree volume estimation was also investigated. Tree volumes of different species were computed by Honer's volume equations using a range of diameters and the predicted tree total height from the six models. For trees with diameter less than 55 cm, the six height-diameter models produced very similar results for all species, while more differentiation among the models was observed for large-sized trees (e.g., diameters > 80 cm). North. J. Appl. For. 18:87–94.

scholarly journals Stem Taper and Volume of Managed Red Alder

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hibbs ◽  
Andrew Bluhm ◽  
Sean Garber
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Volume Table ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Taper Equations

Abstract Ataper equation and a volume table are presented for red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) trees grown in plantations. Fourteen diameter measurements from each of 234 trees were collected from nine plantations throughout the Pacific Northwest. Diameter inside bark (dib) along the stemwas fitted to a variable exponent model form. Individual tree merchantable volume was then estimated as volume inside bark by integrating the taper function from 6 in. (stump height) to the height at a 5-in. (diameter outside bark) top. Incorporating two easily measured tree variables—dbhand total tree height—provided an accurate fit. Model results and the use of an independent evaluation data set of plantation-grown trees indicated that the model presented here was a better predictor of dib in managed stands than previously published red alder taper equations. Thisequation provides reliable dib and merchantable volume predictions and is an improvement over previous red alder volume and taper equations.

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