Free amino acid concentrations in needles of Norway spruce and Scots pine trees on different sites in areas with two levels of nitrogen deposition

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1132-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Britt Edfast ◽  
Torgny Näsholm ◽  
Anders Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

The effects of nitrogen deposition and site quality on amino acid concentrations in needles of Piceaabies (L.) Karst. and Pinussylvestris L. trees were studied in two areas that represent different levels of nitrogen deposition: one area in southern Sweden and one area in northern Sweden receive, respectively, approximately 20–30 and 3 kg•ha−1•year−1 of nitrogen. On each area three site quality classes were chosen for each tree species. The site classes were chosen to represent poor, medium, and good sites typical for each area. Free amino acids in the needles were analyzed as 9-fluorenylmethyl formate derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography. The total nitrogen was determined with a CHN elemental analyzer, and other mineral nutrients were determined with an inductively coupled plasma analyzer. Arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and aspartic acid were the quantitatively dominating amino acids in the needles of both species from all sites in both northern and southern Sweden. These amino acids represented 50–80% of the total concentration of free amino acids in the needles. The concentration of arginine in the needles of both spruce and pine increased with decreasing site index and showed high variations between individual trees. For both species, the highest concentrations of arginine were found in the southern area, which had the highest deposition of nitrogen. Concentrations of glutamic acid, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid in the needles of both species showed significant differences between some of the sites on both areas, but these differences showed no general pattern that correlated with the site indexes. In relation to nitrogen, low concentrations of phosphorus and potassium were found in needles from the poorest spruce sites in both areas compared with corresponding values for the good spruce sites. The results are discussed in relation to nitrogen deposition and mineral nutrient imbalance.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Edaphic Crop Conditions on the Free Amino Acid Profile of PH-16 Dry Cacao Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Quintino Reis de Araujo ◽  
Guilherme Amorim Homem de Abreu Loureiro ◽  
Cid Edson Mendonça Póvoas ◽  
Douglas Steinmacher ◽  
Stephane Sacramento de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference

Free amino acids in cacao beans are important precursors to the aroma and flavor of chocolate. In this research, we used inferential and explanatory statistical techniques to verify the effect of different edaphic crop conditions on the free amino acid profile of PH-16 dry cacao beans. The decreasing order of free amino acids in PH-16 dry cacao beans is leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, alanine, asparagine, tyrosine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, valine, isoleucine, glutamine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, tryptophan, threonine, glycine. With the exception of lysine, no other free amino acid showed a significant difference between means of different edaphic conditions under the ANOVA F-test. The hydrophobic free amino acids provided the largest contribution to the explained variance with 58.01% of the first dimension of the principal component analysis. Glutamic acid stands out in the second dimension with 13.09%. Due to the stability of the biochemical profile of free amino acids in this clonal variety, it is recommended that cacao producers consider the genotype as the primary source of variation in the quality of cacao beans and ultimately the chocolate to be produced.

EFFECT OF CORTISOL TREATMENT ON FREE AMINO ACID LEVELS IN RATS

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DE LOECKER ◽  
M. L. STAS
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

SUMMARY Changes in the concentrations of free amino acids in intracellular fluids and blood plasma were measured in rats treated with cortisol. Increasing age raised the concentrations of free amino acids in plasma, while in liver, with the exception of glycine and alanine, decreased concentrations were observed. Cortisol treatment reduced free amino acid levels in plasma and liver which suggested a progressive catabolism of body proteins and increased protein synthesis in the liver. In skeletal muscle of control rats the free amino acid concentrations increased during the experimental period. Cortisol increased the concentration of certain amino acids and decreased that of others due to an increased protein turnover in muscle.

ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THE PLASMA OF INFANTS UNDER 2,500 GM AT BIRTH

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-613
Author(s):  
Johanne C. Dickinson ◽  
Herman Rosenblum ◽  
Paul B. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

The free amino acids in the plasma of 46 infants who were under 2,500 gm at birth were determined by an ion exchange chromatographic technique of high sensitivity and resolution. Ninety-two plasma samples were collected from the 46 infants on different days after birth, and the data for 23 amino acids plus taurine and ethanolamine were summarized and compared with newborn, full-term and adult levels. In 16 cases tyrosine levels were high; these values are listed separately. With respect to the remaining amino acids, many showed marked changes during the first few postnatal days; but, by the end of the first week, stable patterns had developed. The decrease or increase of the individual amino acid concentrations in these infants compared to infants with birth weights over 2,500 gm and to the adult was not great and seemed to be characteristic for each amino acid. Attention was drawn to the technical details of preparing and analyzing physiological fluids which would minimize the changes in amino acid concentrations resulting from improper handling.

Incorporation of carbon atoms from glucose into free amino acids in brain under normal and altered conditions

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yoshino ◽  
K. A. C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Aminooxyacetic Acid

The time course of entry of radioactive carbon from intravenously administered [U-14C]-glucose into free amino acids in the brains of rats has been studied using an automatic amino acid analyzer coupled through a flow cell with a scintillation counter. Radioactivity appeared rapidly in alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid as previously shown, and in an unknown ninhydrin-positive substance present in very small amount. Urea, serine, and glycine became slightly radioactive. Four hours after giving the radioactive glucose, the specific activity in all soluble substances was low. In pentobarbital anesthesia, specific radioactivity was increased in alanine and decreased in γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic and glutamic acids, and glutamine. A high proportion of radioactivity remained in glucose. Under hypoxia, alanine increased in amount but decreased in specific activity, and the specific activities of the other strongly labelled amino acids decreased. The proportion of the total radioactivity found in glucose and lactate increased. During picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol convulsions, changes occurred which were similar to those under hypoxia. After aminooxyacetic acid administration, the well-known great increase in γ-aminobutyric acid level was found to be accompanied by a decrease in glutamate and also in aspartic acid and alanine, indicating inhibition of the three transaminases concerned. The previously observed brief rapid postmortem increase in the amount of γ-aminobutyric acid was confirmed; alanine also increased briefly but no other amino acid did so. The increased γ-aminobutyric acid had the same specific radioactivity as the original but the extra alanine was less radioactive than the original. When the γ-aminobutyric acid level had been increased by administration of aminooxyacetic acid, the rapid postmortem increase did not occur.

ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF FREE AMINO ACIDS CONTENT IN UTERINE FLUID IN PREGNANT RABBITS

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jaszczak ◽  
E. S. E. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Uterine Fluid

ABSTRACT Free amino acid content was measured in the uterine fluid and blood serum in the following groups of rabbits 168 h post copulation: intact; intact progesterone-treated; ovariectomized progesterone-treated; ovariectomized progesterone-oestradiol-treated; and ovariectomized without hormonal treatment. At implantation, concentration of the majority of amino acid in uterine fluid exceeded greatly that of blood serum; the difference in concentration being maximal for glycine, taurine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine and threonine. Glutamine-asparagine and arginine were found in comparable quantities or were even higher in blood serum. Glycine, alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, serine and glutamine-asparagine were found in highest concentration in the uterine fluid. The level of ammonia in uterine fluid was also relatively high. Exogenous progesterone and oestradiol caused significant changes in the concentration of some amino acid. The concentration of glycine, taurine, alanine, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine, ½ cystine and histidine seems to be especially hormonally dependent. The results are discussed in relation to hormonal activity of corpora lutea during early pregnancy, physiological significance of free amino acids in uterine fluid and nourishment of an early embryo.

scholarly journals Changes in the Pree Amino Acids of the Blood of Blowfly Larvae At Metamorphosis

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Hackman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content ◽  
Metabolic Significance

Blood from the larval, prepupal, and early pupal stages of Calliphora augttr' (F.) contains the same 18 free amino acids. In addition, hydroxyproline is present in larval and prepupal blood. The quantitative differenccs in the concent,ratiolls of these amino acids arc reported. Larval blood has the highest free amino acid content (6'6 mgjml) followcd by early pupal blood (4'6 mgjml) and prepnpal blood (3'3 mgjml). As the larva matures to the prepupa, the greatest decreases occm in the concentrations in the blood of alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, and tyrosine. The metabolic significance of these changes are discussed.

Free amino acid and amine concentrations in liver: effects of hydrocortisone and fasting

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Kaplan ◽  
C. S. Nagareda Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Free Fraction ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Total Pool

Concentrations of the following Ninhydrin-reacting substances (NRS) were determined in the unhydrolyzed protein-free fraction of mouse liver by column chromatography: phosphoethanolamine, taurine, urea, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamine, proline, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, ß-alanine, ß-aminoisobutyric acid, α-aminobutyric acid, ornithine, ethanolamine, lysine, histidine, and arginine. The NRS present in highest concentration was taurine. Adrenalectomy, fasting for 24 hr, and cortisol administration had little effect on the sum of NRS or individual amino acids. Administration of cortisol did, however, decrease the concentration of amino acids in fasted adrenalectomized animals but increased their concentration in nonfasted adrenalectomized animals. Since the concentration of amino acids was lowered or raised under circumstances known to increase protein synthesis, it is concluded that increased protein synthesis promoted by cortisol is independent of the total pool of amino acids in liver.

scholarly journals Free amino acids of leaves and berries of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines

OENO One ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Alberto Miele ◽  
Alain Carbonneau ◽  
Jacques Bouard
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Training System ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Training Systems

<p style="text-align: justify;">The composition of free amino acids was studied from leaves, pericarps, skins, musts and seeds of <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. Vineyards were in the Bordeaux region and the grapevines were conducted in espalier and lyre systems. Grapes were collected at maturity and lyophilized after sampling. Extraction of free amino acids was done with a hydroalcoholic solution and their analysis was performed with an autoanalyzer. A standard of 34 amino acids was utilized for the qualitative analysis. The results showed that, for both espalier and lyre training systems, respectively, the free amino acids were predominant in the pericarps (12.85 and 11.21 mg/g dw) - 16.88 and 15.12 mg/g dw in skins and 3.29 and 2.88 g/l in musts -, followed by the seeds (2.37 and 2.32 mg/g dw) and leaves (1.87 and 1.98 mg/g dw). The most abundant free amino acids in leaves were glutamic acid (23.8 and 28.8 p. cent), aspartic acid (8.8 and 11.1 p. cent), and glutamine (10.1 and 9.4 p. cent). Proline (41.8 and 41.5 p. cent) and arginine (22.8 and 22.4 p. cent) predominated in the pericarps. In seeds, the main amino acids were proline (14.5 and 15.8 p. cent), arginine (11.0 and 11.8 p. cent), histidine (11.2 and 8.7 p. cent), and glutamic acid (11.3 and 8.2 p. cent). Grapevine training system showed some differences in the total amount and in the percentages of each free amino acid, but the pattern of these compounds for each tissue was similar for both training systems.</p>

Free Amino Acid Concentrations in Leaves of Sodium-Deficient C4 Plants

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
CPL Grof ◽  
M Johnston ◽  
PF Brownell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Consistent changes in the free amino acid concentrations in response to sodium nutrition were observed in mature leaves of the C4 species Amaranthus tricolor and Chloris gayana. The amino acids alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine were present in greater and aspartate and arginine in lower concentrations in mature leaves of sodium-deficient than in normal plants of both species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document