CERTAIN BLOOD CONSTITUENTS OF A LIZARD DURING HIBERNATION AND ACTIVITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zain-ul-Abedin ◽  
B. Katorski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), plasma esterified fatty acids (EFA), plasma protein, and blood nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) were measured in a lizard, Uromastix hardwickii, both during activity and hibernation. In hibernating lizards the blood glucose and plasma protein levels were unaltered, plasma NEFA and EFA almost doubled, and the NPN of the protein-free filtrate prepared with trichloroacetic acid was decreased by 15%, whereas that determined on the zinc sulfate – sodium hydroxide filtrate was unaltered. These findings are discussed in relation to possible energy sources during hibernation and the transport of lipids to abdominal fat: pads.

EFFECTS OF POSTFEEDING INTERVAL ON BLOOD CONSTITUENTS RELATED TO ENERGY METABOLISM IN NONPREGNANT ANGUS AND HEREFORD HEIFERS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. BOWDEN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Initial Sampling ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Angus Heifers

Ten Angus heifers and 10 Hereford heifers were fasted for 48 h to study changes in blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and plasma ketone concentrations and their relationships to prefast feeding levels and breed. Prior to fasting, five heifers of each breed were fed for 140 days on one of two rations, which produced significantly different average rates of gain (0.16 vs. 0.47 kg/day) and average depths of subcutaneous adipose tissue (5.0 vs. 10.3 mm). Blood was sampled at 1, 24, and 48 h postfeeding. Blood glucose concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) at 24 h postfeeding but did not change from 24 to 48 h postfeeding. Plasma NEFA concentrations increased during the 48-h fast. Plasma ketones were lower (P < 0.01) at 24 h postfeeding but at 48 h were higher (P < 0.01) than at 1 h postfeeding. Packed cell volume (PCV) increased during 24 and 48 h of fasting. Blood concentrations of glucose, NEFA, and ketones at either 24 or 48 h of fasting were not influenced by prefast feeding level. Angus heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood glucose and higher (P < 0.05) PCV than Hereford heifers. Correlations between the blood constituents at the three sampling times were generally low. Only the correlations of plasma NEFA with ketone concentrations at 24 h postfeeding (.55) and glucose with PCV at the initial sampling (−.52) reached significance (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Diurnal variation in the effects of insulin on blood glucose, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and growth hormone

Diabetologia ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gibson ◽  
L. Stimmler ◽  
R. J. Jarrett ◽  
P. Rutland ◽  
M. Shiu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Changes in blood glucose and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in relation to body condition scores in periparturient purebred Sahiwal cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Khune ◽  
Sharad Mishra ◽  
M.D. Bobade ◽  
V. Bhagat ◽  
Nishma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The blood glucose and the plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were estimated during extended transition period (56 days prepartum to 84 days postpartum) in relation to body condition scores in 26 purebred Sahiwal cows, 13 cows each from two farms i.e. the BMEF and CBF, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh. BMEF herd concentrate was not fed to the animals during prepartum stage. In BMEF, the mean BCS at periodical intervals was significantly less than that of CBF herd throughout the transition period. The postpartum mean unit loss in BCS of the cows of BMEF herd (0.54±0.09) was significantly higher than that of CBF cows (0.52±0.09). The unit change in BCS was higher in magnitude till 42 days post partum in the cows of BMEF whereas it was lower in the cows of CBF. Non significantly higher mean blood glucose concentration was observed in the cows of BMEF (61.46±16 mg/dl) than the cows of CBF. The blood glucose level in both the herds was lower than as fore set range. The post partum mean NEFA concentration (0.138±0.015 mM/l) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than prepartum mean NEFA concentration (0.089±0.11mM/l) in BMEF cows however in CBF cows it remained same and differed non significantly. The overall mean plasma NEFA concentration in BMEF (0.116±0.010 mM/l) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those of CBF (0.050±0.005 mM/l). In the cows of BMEF, NEFA value was higher than that of CBF and hence indicated a trend of reduction in BCS after calving. During prepartum period in BMEF and CBF cows, blodd glucose and plasma NEFA were negatively (with low “r”) correlated with BCS.

THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON THE KINETICS OF PLASMA NONESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS IN GROWING HEREFORD HEIFERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. EISEMANN ◽  
D. E. BAUMAN ◽  
A. C. HAMMOND ◽  
P. J. REYNOLDS ◽  
H. F. TYRRELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words Growth Hormone ◽  
Kinetics Of

The influence of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on the irreversible loss and oxidation rate of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was evaluated in six Hereford heifers fed at near-maintenance energy intake. Subcutaneous injection of bGH increased both the concentration (P < 0.05) and irreversible loss (P < 0.001) of plasma NEFA. Key words: Growth hormone, nonesterified fatty acids, cattle

Effect of prolonged cold exposure on the gross blood composition of the rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Hannon ◽  
David W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

One month's cold exposure (5 ± 1 °C) of male Sprague-Dawley rats induced a slight, but significant, increase in hemoglobin levels but had no effect on the hematocrit. Fasting for 24 hours, although not altering the hemoglobin concentrations of either the control or the cold-exposed animals, did produce a slight lowering of the hematocrit. Cold exposure also resulted in a plasma dilution as indicated by a significant increase in plasma water, and significant decreases in plasma specific gravity and plasma protein levels. Fasting superimposed a further reduction in plasma protein levels under both control and cold-exposed conditions. The levels of blood glucose and total plasma lipids were unaltered by cold exposure but each was significantly reduced by fasting. Significant increases in the nonprotein nitrogen, phospholipid, cholesterol and ketone levels were observed in cold-exposed, nonfasted animals. Superimposed on these changes, fasting produced a decrease in the levels of nonprotein nitrogen and phospholipids and an increase in the level of ketones. It had no effect on the level of cholesterol. Fasting of the cold-exposed animals led to greater reductions in plasma nonprotein nitrogen and phospholipids and a smaller increase in blood ketones as compared to controls.

Seasonal Variation in Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acids of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Vicinity of Hydroelectric Facilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2440-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. McKinley ◽  
T. D. Singer ◽  
J. S. Ballantyne ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Nefa Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Species

To establish the effects of hydroelectric generation on the health of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), seasonal variations in plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) upstream and downstream from hydroelectric stations were measured over a 2-yr period. Plasma NEFA profiles were also compared up- and downstream of the stations for differences in utilization of individual NEFA species as substrates for lipid oxidation. Significantly higher levels of total plasma NEFA were found in lake sturgeon upstream (2355 ± 395.9 nmol/mL) compared with those downstream (798 ± 133.5 nmol/mL) of the generating stations during the spring. The NEFA profiles for several key fatty acid species differed significantly among seasons up- and downstream of the facilities. In particular, during spring and summer, the levels of oleic acid (18:1n9) were highest upstream of the stations and levels of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), were higher below rather than above the stations. The differences in plasma NEFA concentration may be attributed to altered nutritional status due to the varying flow regime located downstream of the hydroelectric stations.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Plasma Zinc and Its Influence on Thrombotic Risk in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10140
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Hierons ◽  
Jordan S. Marsh ◽  
Dongmei Wu ◽  
Claudia A. Blindauer ◽  
Alan J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Disease Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Coagulation Proteins ◽  
Thrombotic Complications

Thrombosis is a major comorbidity of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite the development of numerous effective treatments and preventative strategies to address thrombotic disease in such individuals, the incidence of thrombotic complications remains high. This suggests that not all the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these events have been identified or targeted. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are increasingly regarded as a nexus between obesity, insulin resistance, and vascular disease. Notably, plasma NEFA levels are consistently elevated in obesity and T2DM and may impact hemostasis in several ways. A potentially unrecognized route of NEFA-mediated thrombotic activity is their ability to disturb Zn2+ speciation in the plasma. Zn2+ is a potent regulator of coagulation and its availability in the plasma is monitored carefully through buffering by human serum albumin (HSA). The binding of long-chain NEFAs such as palmitate and stearate, however, trigger a conformational change in HSA that reduces its ability to bind Zn2+, thus increasing the ion’s availability to bind and activate coagulation proteins. NEFA-mediated perturbation of HSA-Zn2+ binding is thus predicted to contribute to the prothrombotic milieu in obesity and T2DM, representing a novel targetable disease mechanism in these disorders.

THE DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOPITUITARISM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ESTIMATION OF PLASMA NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. WILKINSON ◽  
R. HALL ◽  
A. COOPER ◽  
D. J. NEWELL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
No Value ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Sugar Levels

SUMMARY Plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels during a standard insulin sensitivity test have been compared in hypopituitary and hospital control patients who had undergone full routine pituitary investigations. Significant impairment of the recovery of plasma NEFA levels after insulin injection was found in the hypopituitary group as a whole, but this finding was not consistent in individual cases. It is concluded that the measurement of NEFA levels is of little value in the diagnosis of mild hypopituitarism. Blood sugar levels after insulin were of no value in the diagnosis of minor degrees of hypopituitarism. In 19 patients with mild hypopituitarism the order of frequency of deficiency of individual hormones, as judged by tests currently available, was gonadotrophins followed by growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and antidiuretic hormone.

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