Norepinephrine and renin content in arterial tissue from different vascular beds

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Genest ◽  
S. Simard ◽  
J. Rosenthal ◽  
R. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arterial Tissue ◽  
Norepinephrine Content ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Renin Content

Norepinephrine and renin contents in arterial tissues from different vascular territories in mongrel dogs were measured simultaneously. A significantly greater concentration of these two substances was found in the branches of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries in contrast to arterial tissue taken from the aorta and from carotid, renal, femoral, and hind limb arteries of similar diameter. Norepinephrine and renin were undetectable in the rectus abdominis artery. There was no significant difference in the norepinephrine content of branches of mesenteric vein when compared with similar branches of mesenteric artery.

Endothelin-1 and -3 cause endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in the rat mesenteric artery

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. H2137-H2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nakashima ◽  
P. M. Vanhoutte
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Rat Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eta Receptor ◽  
Etb Receptor ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Eta Receptor Antagonist

The present study was designed to determine whether endothelin (ET) induces endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in the isolated rat mesenteric artery and, if so, to identify the receptor subtype involved. Main superior mesenteric arteries of Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats were used for the measurement of electrical responses of smooth muscle cells, using glass microelectrode. In tissues with endothelium of both strains, ET-1 (10(-8) M) caused an initial transient hyperpolarization followed by a sustained depolarization. In tissues without endothelium, only depolarization was observed. ET-3 (10(-8) M) produced transient hyperpolarizations only in preparations with endothelium. There was no significant difference in maximal amplitude of hyperpolarization between the two strains. BQ-123 (selective ETA-receptor antagonist) blocked the depolarization to ET-1 but did not inhibit hyperpolarizing responses to either isopeptide. IRL-1620 (specific ETB-receptor agonist) produced transient membrane hyperpolarizations in tissues with endothelium. The hyperpolarizations induced by ET were not affected by NG-nitro-L-arginine. These data suggest that both ET-1 and ET-3 can cause endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in the rat mesenteric artery and that the endothelial receptor involved may belong to ETB subtype.

scholarly journals PO-139 Effects of Exercise During Pregnancy on CaV1.2 Channel in Mesenteric Artery from SHR Offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Li ◽  
Fan Xing Zeng ◽  
Li Jun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise During Pregnancy

Objective To investigate the effect of exercise during pregnancy on L-type Ca2+ (CaV1.2) channel in mesenteric artery from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) offspring. Methods Female (11 weeks old) and male (12 weeks old) SHR, female (11 weeks old) and male (12 weeks old) WKY rats were selected to use for breeding. The day when the vaginal bolt was found was considered day 1 of gestation. The pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: WKY sedentary group (WKY-SED), WKY exercise group (WKY-EX), SHR sedentary group (SHR-SED) and SHR exercise group (SHR-EX). The exercise groups were subjected to swimming at the first day of pregnancy, 1h/d，6 days/week for 3 weeks. The 6-month-old male offspring were operated with femoral arterial and venous cannulation, and the blood pressure after intravenous (i.v.) injection of CaV1.2 channel opener BayK8644 and blocker nifedipine were monitored in vivo. In vitro study, the mesenteric arteries were removed and used for isometric contraction studies. The non-selective NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 μM) was added after 60mM KCl measurement. To investigate the contribution of CaV1.2 channels in vascular tone regulation, the vascular responses to nifedipine (10−9–10−5M) were examined. Western blot was applied to examine the protein expression levels of CaV1.2 channel. Results (1) The mean arterial pressure(MAP) were higher in the 6M offspring of SHR-SED group than that of WKY-SED group (P＜0.01), but there was no significant difference between the 6M offspring of SED and Ex groups. (2) The pressor responses induced by i.v. injection of BayK8644（0.1mg/Kg）were increased in the 6M offspring of SHR-SED group (P＜0.05) compared with the WKY-SED group. Exercise during pregnancy markedly decreased the pressor responses in 6M offspring of SHR-EX group (P＜0.05). (3) Compared with the 6M offspring of WKY-SED group, the depressor responses induced by i.v. injection of nifedipine（1mg/Kg）were increased in the 6M offspring of SHR-SED group (P＜0.01). Exercise during pregnancy markedly attenuated the depressor responses in 6M offspring of SHR-EX group (P＜0.05). (4) The isometric contraction study revealed that nifedipine induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in mesenteric artery precontracted with noradrenaline. The sensitivity of tissues to nifedipine in 6M offspring of SHR-SED group was significantly higher than that of WKY-SED group (P＜0.01). Exercise during pregnancy normalized the increased sensitivity of tissues to nifedipine in 6M offspring of SHR (P＜0.05). (5) Compared with the 6M offspring of WKY-SED group, the protein expression of CaV1.2α1C was significantly increased in SHR-SED group(P＜0.01). Exercise during pregnancy markedly inhibited the expression of CaV1.2α1C in 6M offspring of SHR-EX group (P＜0.05). Conclusions Pregnancy exercise has no significant effect on basic blood pressure in 6M offspring of SHR; but the increased function and protein expression of CaV1.2 channel in 6M offspring of SHR may be normalized by exercise during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Effects of different vasopressors on the contraction of the superior mesenteric artery and uterine artery in rats during late pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Limei Liao ◽  
Xiaohui Tang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Shaoqiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Neuraxial Anaesthesia ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Hypotension after neuraxial anaesthesia is one of the most common complications during caesarean section. Vasopressors are the most effective method to improve hypotension, but which of these drugs is best for caesarean section is not clear. We assessed the effects of vasopressors on the contractile response of uterine arteries and superior mesenteric arteries in pregnant rats to identify a drug that increases the blood pressure of the systemic circulation while minimally affecting the uterine and placental circulation. Methods Isolated ring segments from the uterine and superior mesenteric arteries of pregnant rats were mounted in organ baths, and the contractile responses to several vasopressor agents were studied. Concentration-response curves for norepinephrine, phenylephrine, metaraminol and vasopressin were constructed. Results The contractile response of the mesenteric artery to norepinephrine, as measured by the pEC50 of the drug, was stronger than the uterine artery (5.617 ± 0.11 vs. 4.493 ± 1.35, p = 0.009), and the contractile response of the uterine artery to metaraminol was stronger than the mesenteric artery (pEC50: 5.084 ± 0.17 vs. 4.92 ± 0.10, p = 0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in the pEC50 of phenylephrine or vasopressin between the two blood vessels. Conclusions In vitro experiments showed that norepinephrine contracts peripheral blood vessels more strongly and had the least effect on uterine artery contraction. These findings support the use of norepinephrine in mothers between the time of neuraxial anaesthesia and the delivery of the foetus.

scholarly journals Effects of different vasopressors on the contraction of the superior mesenteric artery and uterine artery in rats during late pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Limei Liao ◽  
Xiaohui Tang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Shaoqiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Neuraxial Anaesthesia ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background：Hypotension after neuraxial anaesthesia is one of the most common complications during caesarean section. Vasopressors are generally agreed to be the most effective way to improve hypotension, but it is unclear which of these drugs is best for caesarean section. We assessed the effects of vasopressors on the contractile response of uterine arteries and superior mesenteric arteries in pregnant rats, with the goal of identifying a drug that raises the blood pressure of the systemic circulation while minimally affecting the uterine and placental circulation. Methods： Isolated ring segments from the uterine and superior mesenteric arteries of pregnant rats were mounted in organ baths, and their contractile responses to several vasopressor agents were studied. Concentration-response curves for norepinephrine, phenylephrine, metaraminol and vasopressin were constructed. Results：The experimental results showed that the contractile response of the mesenteric artery to norepinephrine, as measured by the pEC50 of the drug, was stronger than that of the uterine artery (5.617 ± 0.11 vs. 4.493 ± 1.35, p=0.009), and the contractile response of the uterine artery to metaraminol was stronger than that of the mesenteric artery (pEC50: 5.084±0.17 vs 4.92±0.10, p=0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in the pEC50 of phenylephrine or vasopressin between the two blood vessels. Conclusion： In vitro experiments show that compared with phenylephrine, metaraminol , vasopressin, norepinephrine can contract peripheral blood vessel more strongly, while having the least effect on the contraction of uterine artery. These findings provide some support for the use of norepinephrine in mothers between the time of neuraxial anaesthesia and the delivery of the foetus.

scholarly journals Breast reconstruction after breast cancer surgery – persistent pain and quality of life 1–8 years after breast reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Honkanen ◽  
Laura Mustonen ◽  
Eija Kalso ◽  
Tuomo Meretoja ◽  
Hanna Harno
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Perforator Flap ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Preoperative Pain ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives To assess the long-term outcome of breast reconstructions with special focus on chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) in a larger cohort of breast cancer survivors. Methods A cross-sectional study on 121 women with mastectomy and breast reconstruction after mean 2 years 4 months follow up. The mean time from breast reconstruction to the follow-up visit was 4 years 2 months. We studied surveys on pain (Brief Pain Inventory, BPI and Douleur Neuropathique 4, DN4), quality of life (RAND-36 health survey), sleep (insomnia severity questionnaire, ISI), mood (Beck’s Depression Index, BDI; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), and a detailed clinical sensory status. Patients were divided into three groups: abdominal flap (Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, DIEP; Free transverse rectus abdominis flap, fTRAM, and Pedicled transverse rectus abdominis flap, pTRAM), dorsal flap (Latissimus dorsi flap, LD and Thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, TDAP), and other (Transverse myocutaneous gracilis flap, TMG; implant). Clinically meaningful pain was defined ≥ 4/10 on a numeric rating scale (NRS). We used patients’ pain drawings to localize the pain. We assessed preoperative pain NRS from previous data. Results 106 (87.6%) of the patients did not have clinically meaningful persistent pain. We found no statistically significant difference between different reconstruction types with regards to persistent pain (p=0.40), mood (BDI-II, p=0.41 and HADS A, p=0.54) or sleep (p=0.14), respectively. Preoperative pain prior to breast reconstruction surgery correlated strongly with moderate or severe CPSP. Conclusions Moderate to severe CPSP intensity was present in 14% of patients. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of pain across different reconstruction types. Preoperative pain associated significantly with postoperative persistent pain.

scholarly journals Mechanism of the Enhanced Vasoconstrictor Responses to Endothelin-1 in Canine Cerebral Arteries

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiharu Tanoi ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
Masato Shibuya ◽  
Kenichiro Sugita ◽  
Kaoru Masuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Free Solution ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Small Contraction

Vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin-1 (ET) were investigated in endothelium-denuded strips of cerebral (basilar and posterior cerebral) and mesenteric arteries of the dog. ET produced a concentration-dependent contraction in these arteries. Contractile responses to lower concentrations (below 3 × 10−10 M) of ET were significantly greater in the cerebral arteries than in the mesenteric artery. Inhibition by nifedipine of the contractile responses to ET was greater in the basilar artery than in the mesenteric artery. After the inhibition by 10−7 M nifedipine, the remaining responses to ET were similar in the two arteries. Cerebral arteries, but not the mesenteric artery, relaxed significantly from the resting level when placed in a Ca2+ -free solution containing 0.1 m M EGTA (0-Ca solution). Readdition of Ca2+ to the cerebral arteries placed in the 0-Ca solution caused a biphasic contraction that was sensitive to nifedipine. When 10−9 M ET was introduced before the Ca2+-induced contraction, this peptide produced only a very small contraction, but enhanced the Ca2+-induced contraction. The extent of the enhancement induced by ET was much greater in the cerebral arteries than in the mesenteric artery. These results indicate that the enhanced responses to ET in the cerebral arteries were dependent to a large extent on Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCs). It is likely that the VDCs in these arteries are more activated in the resting state than those in the mesenteric artery.

Functional changes in adenylyl cyclases and associated decreases in relaxation responses in mesenteric arteries from diabetic rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. H2234-H2243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Matsumoto ◽  
Kentaro Wakabayashi ◽  
Tsuneo Kobayashi ◽  
Katsuo Kamata
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Rat Mesenteric Artery

To assess the functional change in adenylyl cyclases (AC) associated with the diabetic state, we investigated AC-mediated relaxations and cAMP production in mesenteric arteries from rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The relaxations induced by the water-soluble forskolin (FSK) analog NKH477, which is a putative AC5 activator, but not by the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (Iso) and the AC activator FSK, were reduced in intact diabetic mesenteric artery. In diabetic rats, however, Iso-, FSK-, and NKH477-induced relaxations were attenuated in the presence of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase. To exclude the influence of phosphodiesterase (PDE), we also examined the relaxations induced by several AC activators in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; a PDE inhibitor). Under these conditions, the relaxation induced by Iso was greatly impaired in STZ-diabetic rats. This Iso-induced relaxation was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with SQ-22536, an AC inhibitor, in mesenteric rings from age-matched controls but not in those from STZ-diabetic rats. Under the same conditions, the relaxations induced by FSK or NKH477 were impaired in STZ-diabetic rats. Neither FSK- nor A-23187 (a Ca2+ ionophore)-induced cAMP production was significantly different between diabetics and controls. However, cAMP production induced by Iso or NKH477 was significantly impaired in diabetic mesenteric arteries. Expression of mRNAs and proteins for AC5/6 was lower in diabetic mesenteric arteries than in controls. These results suggest that AC-mediated relaxation is impaired in the STZ-diabetic rat mesenteric artery, perhaps reflecting a reduction in AC5/6 activity.

Right paraduodenal hernia accompanying superior mesenteric vein thrombosis: a rare case

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e241324
Author(s):  
Nail Omarov ◽  
İbrahim Halil Özata ◽  
Emre Balık
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Paraduodenal Hernia ◽  
Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Whirlpool Sign ◽  
Right Paraduodenal Hernia

A 59-year-old man with abdominal pain was admitted to the emergency department. Investigations had revealed a right-sided paraduodenal hernia and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) twisting around the superior mesenteric artery in rotation, the ‘whirlpool sign’. Owing to the increasing severity of abdominal pain and the presence of SMV thrombosis complicated with strangulated paraduodenal herniation associated with high mortality rates, diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. Resection of the intestines was not needed and paraduodenal hernia was repaired. The patient was uneventfully discharged.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Arterial Lesions Induced by Dopaminergic Compounds in the Rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_part_2) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Kerns ◽  
Emanuel Arena ◽  
Richard A. Macia ◽  
Peter J. Bugelski ◽  
William D. Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptors ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptor ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Renal Vascular

Fenoldopam mesylate (FM), a selective post-junctional dopaminergic (DA1) vasodilator, causes lesions of large caliber splanchnic arteries (100–800 μm) in the rat characterized by necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells and hemorrhage. FM does not induce lesions in other vascular beds of the rat, or in dogs or monkeys. Dopamine, like FM, causes hemorrhagic lesions of large caliber splanchnic arteries in the rat, as well as fibrinoid necrosis of small caliber arteries (<100 μm) of the splanchnic, cerebral, coronary and renal vascular beds. Dopamine is an alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor and a dopaminergic receptor agonist. Because these arterial lesions are thought to result from the pharmacologic activity of these 2 compounds, we sought to ascertain the presence of DA1 receptors in mesenteric arteries of the rat and to determine the role of these or other vascular receptor subtypes in lesion induction. We also studied the process of repair after arterial injury caused by FM or dopamine. The presence of DA1 receptors was confirmed in isolated perfused mesenteric arteries by standard pharmacologic techniques; stimulation by FM resulted in vasodilation which was inhibited by the DA1 receptor antagonist SK&F 83566-C. Likewise, SK&F 83566-C prevented the induction of hemorrhagic lesions of large caliber arteries in rats upon infusion of FM or dopamine. In rats co-exposed to the alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) and either FM or dopamine, the incidence and severity of hemorrhagic lesions of large caliber arteries were increased, but PBZ prevented the formation of dopamine-induced fibrinoid lesions in arteries of small caliber. Rats exposed concurrently to dopamine, phenoxybenzamine, and SK&F 83566-C were free of all arterial lesions. Thus, the induction of splanchnic arterial lesions in the rat by dopamine and FM is caused by stimulation of, and interaction between, alpha-adrenoceptors and dopaminergic DA1 receptors. Fibrinoid lesions of small arteries (alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated) were repaired, as observed morphologically by 14 d after exposure to dopamine. Hemorrhagic lesions of large caliber arteries (DA1 receptor-mediated) had undergone significant repair by 28 d after exposure to FM but these arteries possessed a thicker media surrounded by adventitial fibrosis. Thus, morphologically distinct receptor-mediated splanchnic arterial lesions induced by dopaminergic and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists follow a markedly different course of repair. Arterial lesions induced by FM or dopamine by activation of post-junctional dopaminergic DA1 receptors may represent a model of polyarteritis nodosa.

Characteristics of the Analgesic Effects and Drug Interactions of Intrathecal Carbachol in Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-849. ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Abram ◽  
Therese C. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Intrathecal Morphine ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Intrathecal carbachol produces consistent analgesia in animals without appreciable adverse effects. Little is known about the ability of this drug to provide analgesia as stimulus intensity is increased. Likewise, there are few data regarding interactions between carbachol and other intrathecal analgesics. Methods Using two different noxious radiant heat intensities, one applied to each hind limb, analgesic effects of 1, 3, 10, and 30 micrograms intrathecal carbachol on paw withdrawal latencies were measured. Similar testing was done for intrathecal morphine and clonidine. ED50 fractions (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16) of drug combinations of carbachol-morphine and carbachol-clonidine were administered, responses to the low intensity stimulus were recorded, and the ED50 of each combination was established and isobolographic analysis of the drug interactions was carried out. Results The 30-micrograms dose of carbachol was associated with transient agitation, salivation, and hind limb weakness. No other adverse effects were noted. The ED50 (95% confidence interval) of intrathecal carbachol was 2.34 micrograms (1.34-4.04) for low intensity stimulation and 12.64 micrograms (4.18-38.25) for high intensity. There was no significant difference between high- and low-intensity ED50 values for intrathecal morphine and clonidine. The analgesic effect of the carbachol-morphine and carbachol-clonidine combinations were significantly greater than the calculated additive effects. The ED50 for the carbachol-morphine combination was 12% of the expected additive value and the ED50 for the carbachol-clonidine combination was 30% of the expected additive value. Conclusions Intrathecal carbachol provides analgesia to noxious thermal stimulation of the hind paw in rats. It is relatively less effective at providing analgesia than intrathecal morphine or clonidine when stimulus intensity is raised. Intrathecal carbachol is synergistic when combined with intrathecal morphine or clonidine.

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